Open Source Headless Browsers
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Headless Browsers
View 36 business solutionsBrowse free open source Headless Browsers and projects below. Use the toggles on the left to filter open source Headless Browsers by OS, license, language, programming language, and project status.
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1
Selenium
Browser automation framework and ecosystem
Selenium automates browsers. That's it! What you do with that power is entirely up to you. Primarily it is for automating web applications for testing purposes, but is certainly not limited to just that. Boring web-based administration tasks can (and should) also be automated as well. If you want to create robust, browser-based regression automation suites and tests, scale and distribute scripts across many environments, then you want to use Selenium WebDriver, a collection of language specific bindings to drive a browser - the way it is meant to be driven. If you want to create quick bug reproduction scripts, create scripts to aid in automation-aided exploratory testing, then you want to use Selenium IDE; a Chrome and Firefox add-on that will do simple record-and-playback of interactions with the browser. If you want to scale by distributing and running tests on several machines and manage multiple environments from a central point. -
2
FlareSolverr
Proxy server to bypass Cloudflare protection
FlareSolverr is a proxy server to bypass Cloudflare and DDoS-GUARD protection. FlareSolverr starts a proxy server, and it waits for user requests in an idle state using few resources. When some request arrives, it uses puppeteer with the stealth plugin to create a headless browser (Firefox). It opens the URL with user parameters and waits until the Cloudflare challenge is solved (or timeout). The HTML code and the cookies are sent back to the user, and those cookies can be used to bypass Cloudflare using other HTTP clients. Web browsers consume a lot of memory. If you are running FlareSolverr on a machine with few RAM, do not make many requests at once. With each request, a new browser is launched. It is also possible to use a permanent session. However, if you use sessions, you should make sure to close them as soon as you are done using them. It is recommended to install using a Docker container because the project depends on an external browser that is already included. -
3
Playwright
Node library to automate Chromium, Firefox & WebKit with a single API
Playwright is a Node library for automating Chromium, Firefox and WebKit using a single API. It supports headless execution for all these browsers on Linux, macOS and Windows, providing automated web browser interactions that are fast, capable, reliable and ever-green. Playwright enables a broad spectrum of cross-browser web automation capabilities, which are used by Single Page Apps and Progressive Web Apps. These include scenarios that span multiple pages, domains and iframes; emulation of mobile devices, geolocation, and permissions; upload and download files and many more. -
4
CefSharp
.NET bindings for the Chromium embedded framework
CefSharp is an easy way to embed a full-featured standards-compliant web browser into your C# or VB.NET app. CefSharp has browser controls for WinForms and WPF apps, and a headless (offscreen) version for automation projects too. CefSharp is based on Chromium Embedded Framework, the open source version of Google Chrome. CefSharp embraces modern web standards, and supports HTML5, JavaScript, CSS3 and HTML5 audio/video elements. 3D content is supported via WebGL which uses OpenGL/DirectX for hardware accelerated rendering. CefSharp includes embedded modules for PDF, web page printing and the WebKit Inspector (developer tools). CefSharp has no external dependencies, and the full build of CefSharp only adds ~80 MB to your app. See the CefSharp.MinimalExample project for ready-to-compile minimal example apps built with CefSharp. Within the projects source there are more complicated example projects. -
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Lightpanda Browser
Lightpanda: the headless browser designed for AI and automation
Lightpanda is an open-source headless browser designed specifically for automation, artificial intelligence workflows, and large-scale web interaction tasks. Unlike traditional browsers that include full graphical rendering engines meant for human users, Lightpanda is built from scratch to operate entirely in headless mode, focusing only on the components required for programmatic web interaction. This design allows it to execute JavaScript and interact with web pages while avoiding the overhead associated with rendering images, fonts, and layout elements intended for visual display. The browser is implemented using the Zig programming language and integrates the V8 JavaScript engine to run modern web applications and scripts efficiently. Because it avoids graphical rendering and other heavy browser components, the system uses significantly less memory and launches almost instantly compared to conventional browsers such as Chrome. -
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Puppeteer
Headless Chrome Node.js API
Puppeteer is a headless Node library that provides a high level API for controlling Chromium or Chrome over the DevTools protocol. It requires zero setup and comes bundled with the Chromium version most suited to it. Puppeteer is headless by default, making it fast to run. However, it can also be set to run full or non-headless Chrome or Chromium, simply set the headless option when launching a browser. Many of the things you can do manually in the browser, you can also do with Puppeteer such as generate page screenshots and PDFs, crawl a Single-Page Application, test Chrome extensions and more. -
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Browserless
Deploy headless browsers in Docker
Browserless is an open-source browser automation platform for running headless browsers in Docker or through Browserless-hosted cloud infrastructure. It lets developers connect existing Puppeteer and Playwright code to remote browser sessions over WebSocket, which helps move heavy browser work away from local machines or application servers. The project also provides REST APIs for common automation tasks such as screenshots, PDF generation, scraping, crawling, and content export. Browserless is useful for teams that need scalable browser execution for testing, data collection, rendering, or AI-agent browsing workflows. Its deployment model supports self-hosting, private infrastructure, queues, concurrency controls, and enterprise-oriented configuration. The project’s main value is turning browser automation into a managed service layer that can be reused across applications and workflows. -
8
Faust.js
The Headless WordPress Toolkit
Faust.js is an open-source toolkit designed to simplify the development of headless WordPress websites using modern JavaScript frameworks such as Next.js and React. It provides developers with a structured set of tools that bridge WordPress content management with frontend frameworks, enabling teams to build high-performance decoupled websites while still relying on WordPress as the backend CMS. The toolkit addresses many of the challenges associated with headless WordPress development, including authentication, preview functionality, and data fetching between the frontend and the WordPress backend. Faust.js integrates closely with technologies such as WPGraphQL and Apollo Client, which allow developers to query WordPress content through a GraphQL API instead of traditional PHP templates. -
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Mink
PHP web browser emulator abstraction
Mink is an open-source PHP library that provides a browser abstraction layer for web application testing, allowing developers to simulate user interactions with websites in a consistent and flexible way. Instead of tying test logic to a specific browser driver, Mink introduces a unified API that can work with multiple drivers such as Goutte, Selenium, ChromeDriver, or BrowserKit. This abstraction enables developers to write tests once and run them across different environments without changing the test code. Mink is commonly used in behavior-driven development workflows, particularly with frameworks like Behat, where it helps simulate real user behavior such as clicking links, filling forms, and navigating pages. The library supports session management, allowing multiple browser sessions to run simultaneously and interact with different pages or environments. -
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Sanity
Rapidly configure content workspaces powered by structured content
Sanity is an open-source real-time headless content management system that allows developers to manage structured content for websites, applications, and digital platforms. At the core of the system is Sanity Studio, a customizable editing environment built with React that can be configured to match the workflows and content models of different teams. Instead of using predefined content templates, Sanity allows developers to define schemas in code that determine how content is structured and stored. The platform stores data in a real-time backend called the Content Lake, enabling collaborative editing and instant updates across connected applications. Because the system separates content management from presentation, developers can use any front-end framework to display the data. Sanity also includes APIs and query tools that allow developers to retrieve content dynamically and integrate it into websites, mobile apps, and other digital services. -
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VBot
JSON based visual regression testing library
A visual regression testing library/tool, aims to quickly automate browser-based tests with minimum development overhead. To test flexibly in different testing scenarios, either testing against web UI wired with backends or just static web pages, VBot exposes API to be used with testing frameworks like mocha or ava, etc. Therefore, the test data variables can be updated according to different conditions, in order to decouple from real backends and avoid false negative results. -
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Playwright for .NET
.NET version of the Playwright testing and automation library
Playwright for .NET is the official language port of Playwright, the library to automate Chromium, Firefox and WebKit with a single API. Playwright is built to enable cross-browser web automation that is ever-green, capable, reliable and fast. Cross-browser. Playwright supports all modern rendering engines including Chromium, WebKit, and Firefox. Cross-platform. Test on Windows, Linux, and macOS, locally or on CI, headless or headed. Cross-language. Use the Playwright API in TypeScript, JavaScript, Python, .NET, Java. Test Mobile Web. Native mobile emulation of Google Chrome for Android and Mobile Safari. The same rendering engine works on your Desktop and in the Cloud. Auto-wait. Playwright waits for elements to be actionable prior to performing actions. It also has a rich set of introspection events. The combination of the two eliminates the need for artificial timeouts - the primary cause of flaky tests. -
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BackstopJS
Catch CSS curve balls
Visual regression testing for web apps. Supports screen rendering with Chrome-headless. Add your own interactions with the Playwright and Puppeteer scripting. BackstopJS automates visual regression testing of your responsive web UI by comparing DOM screenshots over time. -
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Browserless
The headless Chrome/Chromium driver on top of Puppeteer
Browserless is an open-source headless browser automation library and service built on top of Puppeteer that simplifies the process of running and scaling Chromium-based browser tasks in production environments. It provides a high-level API for interacting with headless Chrome, allowing developers to perform operations such as generating PDFs, capturing screenshots, extracting text or HTML, and automating web navigation. The project is designed to act as a production-ready abstraction layer over Puppeteer, offering improved reliability, error handling, and scalability for real-world applications. Browserless includes built-in optimizations such as request blocking, automatic retries, and sensible defaults that improve performance when processing web pages. It can be used as a standalone library, a command-line tool, or a hosted API service that scales browser instances on demand. -
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Factorio
Factorio headless server in a Docker container
Factorio is an open-source project that provides a Docker container for running a headless Factorio game server. Factorio is a factory-building simulation game in which players automate production lines, research technologies, and manage complex industrial systems, and the repository focuses specifically on hosting the game server in a containerized environment. By packaging the server into a Docker image, the project simplifies the process of deploying and maintaining multiplayer servers across different operating systems and cloud environments. The container automatically handles dependencies, configuration, and updates, making it easier for system administrators and hobbyists to run dedicated Factorio servers. Users can configure server settings, maps, mods, and saved games through mounted volumes and environment variables within the container. -
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HULL
Headless Shopify Starter – powered by Next.js + Sanity.io
HULL is an open-source headless commerce starter template designed to help developers build modern Shopify storefronts using a decoupled architecture. The project combines a Next.js frontend with Shopify as the commerce backend and Sanity.io as a content management system, creating a flexible stack for building custom online stores. By separating the presentation layer from the commerce engine, HULL enables developers to design highly customized user experiences without being restricted by Shopify’s traditional theme system. The template includes integrations that synchronize product data from Shopify into Sanity, allowing developers and content editors to manage storefront content alongside product information. It also leverages modern frontend technologies such as React, Tailwind CSS, and static site generation techniques to improve performance and scalability. -
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Plasmic
Build apps, websites, and content. Integrate with your codebase
Plasmic is a visual development platform designed to help teams design, build, and manage websites and web applications through a combination of visual editing tools and code integration. The platform provides a drag-and-drop design environment that allows designers, developers, and product teams to collaborate on building user interfaces while maintaining compatibility with modern front-end frameworks. Instead of requiring developers to manually code every layout, Plasmic allows visual designs to be converted directly into production-ready React components and integrated into existing codebases. This approach enables non-developers such as designers or marketers to create and modify content without breaking application logic. Plasmic also functions as a headless CMS and page builder that can deliver content and components to multiple types of applications. -
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Playwright for Java
Java version of the Playwright testing and automation library
Playwright Java is the Java version of the Playwright testing and automation library, enabling reliable end-to-end testing for modern web applications. -
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Playwright for Python
Python version of the Playwright testing and automation library
Playwright enables reliable end-to-end testing for modern web apps. Single API to automate Chromium, Firefox and WebKit. Capable automation for single page apps that rely on the modern web platform. Use the Playwright API in JavaScript & TypeScript, Python, .NET and, Java. With Playwright, test how your app behaves in Apple Safari with WebKit builds for Windows, Linux and macOS. Test locally and on CI. Use device emulation to test your responsive web apps in mobile web browsers. Playwright supports headless (without browser UI) and headed (with browser UI) modes for all browsers and all platforms. Headed is great for debugging, and headless is faster and suited for CI/cloud executions. Playwright interactions auto-wait for elements to be ready. This improves reliability and simplifies test authoring. Playwright receives browser signals, like network requests, page navigations and page load events to eliminate the need for sleep timeouts that cause flakiness. -
20
Rod
A Devtools driver for web automation and scraping
Rod is a high-level driver for DevTools Protocol. It's widely used for web automation and scraping. Rod can automate most things in the browser that can be done manually. Chained context design, intuitive to timeout or cancel the long-running task. Auto-wait elements to be ready. Debugging friendly, auto input tracing, remote monitoring headless browser. Thread-safe for all operations. Automatically find or download browser. High-level helpers like WaitStable, WaitRequestIdle, HijackRequests, WaitDownload, etc. Two-step WaitEvent design, never miss an event (how it works). Correctly handles nested iframes or shadow DOMs. No zombie browser process after the crash (how it works). CI enforced 100% test coverage. -
21
Ulixee Hero
The web browser built for scraping
It's the first modern headless browsers designed specifically for scraping instead of just automated testing. Hero provides access to the W3C DOM specification without the need for Puppeteer's complicated evaluate callbacks and multi-context switching. We've recreated a fully compliant DOM directly in NodeJS allowing you bypass the headaches of previous scraper tools. The powerful Chrome engine sits under the hood, allowing for lightning fast rendering. Emulators make it easy to disguise your script as practically any browser. -
22
XSpear
Powerfull XSS Scanning and Parameter analysis tool&gem
XSpear is an XSS Scanner on ruby gems. Powerful XSS Scanning and Parameter analysis tool&gem. -
23
chromedp
A faster, simpler way to drive browsers supporting the Chrome DevTools
chromedp is an open-source Go library that provides high-level browser automation capabilities by communicating directly with the Chrome DevTools Protocol. The library allows developers to control Chrome or Chromium programmatically from Go applications without relying on external browser drivers or additional runtime dependencies. Using chromedp, developers can automate tasks such as navigating websites, filling out forms, clicking elements, capturing screenshots, and extracting structured data from pages. The library typically operates in headless mode but can also run with a visible browser window when needed for debugging or development. Because it communicates directly with Chrome’s debugging interface, chromedp offers high performance and reliable automation compared with tools that rely on intermediary drivers. It is frequently used for web scraping, automated testing, performance monitoring, and browser-based data extraction workflows. -
24
crawlee
A web scraping and browser automation library for Node.js
Crawlee is a web scraping and browser automation library. It helps you build reliable crawlers. Fast. Crawlee won't fix broken selectors for you (yet), but it helps you build and maintain your crawlers faster. When a website adds JavaScript rendering, you don't have to rewrite everything, only switch to one of the browser crawlers. When you later find a great API to speed up your crawls, flip the switch back. It keeps your proxies healthy by rotating them smartly with good fingerprints that make your crawlers look human-like. It's not unblockable, but it will save you money in the long run. Crawlee is built by people who scrape for a living and use it every day to scrape millions of pages. Meet our community on Discord. We believe websites are best scraped in the language they're written in. Crawlee runs on Node.js and it's built in TypeScript to improve code completion in your IDE, even if you don't use TypeScript yourself. -
25
gl
Windowless WebGL for node.js
headless-gl is an open-source Node.js library that provides a WebGL rendering context without requiring a browser window or graphical user interface. It enables developers to create and manipulate WebGL contexts directly within server-side JavaScript environments, making it possible to perform GPU-accelerated rendering tasks without launching a full browser. The project aims to conform closely to the WebGL specification so that standard WebGL APIs and shaders can be used in Node.js applications. Because the library runs without a DOM or canvas element, it is particularly useful for headless environments such as servers, automated testing pipelines, or cloud rendering systems. Developers commonly use headless-gl for tasks such as generating images, performing GPU-based computations, or rendering 3D scenes in server-side workflows.
