Tiny Renderer (tinyrenderer by ssloy) is a lightweight educational software rasterizer that illustrates how OpenGL works by implementing a mini rendering pipeline in around 500 lines of code—serving as a compact, instructive graphics project. The final code consists of about 500 lines. My students typically require 10 to 20 hours of programming to start producing such renderers. The input is a 3D model composed of a triangulated mesh and textures. The output is a rendering. There is no graphical interface; the program simply generates an image. To minimize external dependencies, I provide my students with a single class for handling TGA files — one of the simplest formats supporting RGB, RGBA, and grayscale images. This serves as our foundation for image manipulation. ...