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[Maxima-commits] CVS: maxima/doc/intromax intromax.ltx,1.4,1.5
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From: Robert D. <rob...@us...> - 2005-08-21 18:18:54
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Update of /cvsroot/maxima/maxima/doc/intromax In directory sc8-pr-cvs1.sourceforge.net:/tmp/cvs-serv24862 Modified Files: intromax.ltx Log Message: Fixed problem in the fpprec:100 example. Cut discussion of obsolete control keys ctl-Y and ctl-Z, and updated discussion of ctl-C. Updated discussion of uppercase/lowercase. Merge and update title page footnotes. Index: intromax.ltx =================================================================== RCS file: /cvsroot/maxima/maxima/doc/intromax/intromax.ltx,v retrieving revision 1.4 retrieving revision 1.5 diff -u -d -r1.4 -r1.5 --- intromax.ltx 21 Aug 2005 17:03:36 -0000 1.4 +++ intromax.ltx 21 Aug 2005 18:18:45 -0000 1.5 @@ -17,13 +17,14 @@ -\title{Introduction to Maxima% -\thanks{Adapted from ``Perturbation Methods, Bifurcation Theory and Computer Algebra'' by Rand and -Armbruster, Springer, 1987} -} -\author{Richard H. Rand\\ Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University% -\thanks{Adapted to \LaTeX\ and HTML by Nelson L. Dias (nl...@si...), SIMEPAR Technological Institute and Federal University of Paraná, Brazil}} -\date{\today} +\title{Introduction to Maxima} +\author{Richard H. Rand\\ Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University +\thanks{Adapted from ``Perturbation Methods, Bifurcation Theory and Computer Algebra'' +by Rand and Armbruster, Springer, 1987. +Adapted to \LaTeX\ and HTML by Nelson L. Dias (nl...@si...), +SIMEPAR Technological Institute and Federal University of Paraná, Brazil. +Updated by Robert Dodier, August 2005.}} +\date{\empty} \begin{document} @@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ To invoke Maxima in Linux, type \begin{verbatim} -maxima<ret> +maxima <enter> \end{verbatim} @@ -50,41 +51,30 @@ The {\tt (\%i1)} is a ``label''. Each input or output line is labelled and can be referred to by its own label for the rest of the session. {\tt i} labels denote your commands and {\tt o} labels -denote Displays of the machine's response. \emph{Never use variable names like {\tt \%i1} or {\tt +denote displays of the machine's response. \emph{Never use variable names like {\tt \%i1} or {\tt \%o5}, as these will be confused with the lines so labeled}. -Maxima is pragmatic about lower and upper case: regardless of your typing {\tt sin(x)} or {\tt -sin(x)}, -{\tt \verb+%e^x+} or {\tt \verb+%E^x+}, it will understand that you mean the sine and exponential -functions, and will echo in standard uppercase {\tt sin} and {\tt \verb+%e+}. -\emph{That doesn't apply to user variables, though: {\tt x} and {\tt X} are \emph{different} -variables for Maxima ! (Try it.)} - - - +Maxima distinguishes lower and upper case. +All built-in functions have names which are lowercase only +({\tt sin}, {\tt cos}, {\tt save}, {\tt load}, etc). +Built-in constants have lowercase names ({\tt \%e}, {\tt \%pi}, {\tt inf}, etc). +If you type {\tt SIN(x)} or {\tt Sin(x)}, +Maxima assumes you mean something other than the built-in {\tt sin} function. +User-defined functions and variables can have names which are lower or upper case or both. +{\tt foo(XY)}, {\tt Foo(Xy)}, {\tt FOO(xy)} are all different. \section{Special keys and symbols \label{sec:keys}} \begin{enumerate} -\item To end a Maxima session, type {\tt quit();}. If you type \verb+^C+, here is what happens: -\begin{verbatim} -Maxima encountered a Lisp error: - - Console interrupt. +\item To end a Maxima session, type {\tt quit();}. -Automatically continuing. -To reenable the Lisp debugger set *debugger-hook* to nil. -\end{verbatim} -Notice that typing {\tt :q} or {\tt :t} (for \emph{top level}) after the {\tt MAXIMA>>} prompt gets -you back to the Maxima level. -\verb+^Y+, on the other hand, won't have any effect but being echoed on the screen; finally -\verb+^Z+ will have the same effect as {\tt quit();}. (Here \verb+^+ stands for the control key, so +\item To abort a computation without leaving Maxima, type \verb+^C+. +(Here \verb+^+ stands for the control key, so that \verb+^C+ means first press the key marked control and hold it down while pressing the C key.) - -\item To abort a computation without leaving Maxima, type \verb+^C+. It is important for you to +It is important for you to know how to do this in case, for example, you begin a computation which is taking too long. -Remember to type {\tt :q} at the {\tt MAXIMA>>} prompt to return to Maxima. For example: +For example: % sum (1/x^2, x, 1, 10000); % ^C \begin{verbatim} @@ -118,8 +108,8 @@ use its {\tt o} label, or you can use the special symbol percent ({\tt \%}). \item The standard quantities $e$ (natural log base), $i$ (square root of $-1$) and $\pi$ -($3.14159\ldots$) are respectively referred to as \verb+%e+ (or \verb+%E+), \verb+%i+ -(or \verb+%i+), and \verb+%pi+ (or \verb+%pi+). Note that the use of {\tt \%} here as a prefix +($3.14159\ldots$) are respectively referred to as \verb+%e+, \verb+%i+, +and \verb+%pi+. Note that the use of {\tt \%} here as a prefix is completely unrelated to the use of {\tt \%} to refer to the preceding result computed. \item In order to assign a value to a variable, Maxima uses the colon ({\tt :}), not the equal @@ -179,14 +169,15 @@ (%i6) fpprec; (%o6) 16 \end{verbatim} -Here we reset {\tt fpprec} to yield 100 digits: % OOPS NO IT DOESN'T -- FIXME !! +Here we reset {\tt fpprec} to yield 100 digits: % fpprec: 100; -% ''%o5; +% ''%i5; \begin{verbatim} (%i7) fpprec: 100; (%o7) 100 -(%i8) ''%o5; -(%o8) 8.201219330881976B1 +(%i8) ''%i5; +(%o8) 8.20121933088197564152489730020812442785204843859314941221# +2371240173124187540110412666123849550160561B1 \end{verbatim} Note the use of two single quotes ({\tt ''}) in {\tt (\%i8)} to repeat command {\tt (\%i5)}. Maxima can handle very large numbers without approximation: |