Trino
Trino is a query engine that runs at ludicrous speed. Fast-distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics that helps you explore your data universe. Trino is a highly parallel and distributed query engine, that is built from the ground up for efficient, low-latency analytics. The largest organizations in the world use Trino to query exabyte-scale data lakes and massive data warehouses alike. Supports diverse use cases, ad-hoc analytics at interactive speeds, massive multi-hour batch queries, and high-volume apps that perform sub-second queries. Trino is an ANSI SQL-compliant query engine, that works with BI tools such as R, Tableau, Power BI, Superset, and many others. You can natively query data in Hadoop, S3, Cassandra, MySQL, and many others, without the need for complex, slow, and error-prone processes for copying the data. Access data from multiple systems within a single query.
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R2 SQL
R2 SQL is Cloudflare’s serverless, distributed analytics query engine (currently in open beta) that enables you to run SQL queries over Apache Iceberg tables stored in R2 Data Catalog without needing to manage your own compute clusters. It is built to efficiently query large volumes of data by leveraging metadata pruning, partition-level statistics, file and row-group filtering, and Cloudflare’s globally distributed compute infrastructure to parallelize execution. The system works by integrating with R2 object storage and an Iceberg catalog layer, so you can ingest data via Cloudflare Pipelines into Iceberg tables, and then query that data with minimal overhead. Queries can be issued via the Wrangler CLI or HTTP API (with an API token granting permissions across R2 SQL, Data Catalog, and storage). During the open beta period, using R2 SQL itself is not billed, only storage and standard R2 operations incur charges.
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Apache Iceberg
Iceberg is a high-performance format for huge analytic tables. Iceberg brings the reliability and simplicity of SQL tables to big data, while making it possible for engines like Spark, Trino, Flink, Presto, Hive and Impala to safely work with the same tables, at the same time. Iceberg supports flexible SQL commands to merge new data, update existing rows, and perform targeted deletes. Iceberg can eagerly rewrite data files for read performance, or it can use delete deltas for faster updates. Iceberg handles the tedious and error-prone task of producing partition values for rows in a table and skips unnecessary partitions and files automatically. No extra filters are needed for fast queries, and the table layout can be updated as data or queries change.
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DuckDB
Processing and storing tabular datasets, e.g. from CSV or Parquet files. Large result set transfer to client. Large client/server installations for centralized enterprise data warehousing. Writing to a single database from multiple concurrent processes. DuckDB is a relational database management system (RDBMS). That means it is a system for managing data stored in relations. A relation is essentially a mathematical term for a table. Each table is a named collection of rows. Each row of a given table has the same set of named columns, and each column is of a specific data type. Tables themselves are stored inside schemas, and a collection of schemas constitutes the entire database that you can access.
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