Particleworks

XPS, or eXtended Particle Simulations, is a state-of-the-art Discrete Element Method simulation software developed by RCPE and distributed globally by InSilicoTrials for high-fidelity particle-based process simulation. Designed specifically for pharmaceutical applications, XPS accurately predicts powder and granular behavior, helping teams better understand, predict, and control pharmaceutical unit operations. It relies on advanced contact models to describe the flow behavior of granular materials and uses massively parallel algorithms optimized for modern GPUs to accelerate simulations, including simulations with up to 100 million particles. XPS helps pharmaceutical engineers assess process configurations in unprecedented detail, explore decision space virtually, reduce costly and time-consuming physical experiments, and support data-driven process development.

Yade is an extensible open source framework for discrete numerical models, focused on the Discrete Element Method. Its computation parts are written in C++ using a flexible object model that allows independent implementation of new algorithms and interfaces, while Python is used for rapid and concise scene construction, simulation control, postprocessing, and debugging. Yade is designed for researchers and engineers who need to create, run, inspect, modify, and extend particle-based simulations through scripts, interactive commands, graphical tools, and reusable simulation components. Simulations can be built from specialized generators or constructed directly with Python scripts, giving users flexibility for developing custom models, importing geometries, reusing code, and controlling the full simulation loop. It represents each simulation as a scene containing bodies, interactions, and resultant forces, with bodies defined by geometry, material properties, state variables, etc.