Update of /cvsroot/mingw/msys/packages/gawk/3.1.5/doc In directory sc8-pr-cvs7.sourceforge.net:/tmp/cvs-serv30392/3.1.5/doc Added Files: ChangeLog Makefile.am Makefile.in README.card ad.block awkcard.in awkforai.txt cardfonts colors gawk.1 gawk.info gawk.texi gawkinet.info gawkinet.texi igawk.1 lflashlight.eps macros no.colors rflashlight.eps setter.outline statist.eps statist.jpg texinfo.tex Log Message: Update package --- NEW FILE: Makefile.in --- # Makefile.in generated by automake 1.9.5 from Makefile.am. # @configure_input@ # Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, # 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This Makefile.in is free software; the Free Software Foundation # gives unlimited permission to copy and/or distribute it, # with or without modifications, as long as this notice is preserved. # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law; without # even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A # PARTICULAR PURPOSE. @SET_MAKE@ # # doc/Makefile.am --- automake input file for gawk # # Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 the Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This file is part of GAWK, the GNU implementation of the # AWK Programming Language. # # GAWK is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # GAWK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 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\ $(LN) gawk.1 pgawk.1 2>/dev/null ; \ exit 0) # Undo the above when uninstalling uninstall-hook: cd $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir); rm -f pgawk.1 ; exit 0 postscript: gawk.ps gawkinet.ps gawk.1.ps igawk.1.ps $(AWKCARD) gawk.ps: gawk.dvi dvips -o gawk.ps gawk.dvi gawkinet.ps: gawkinet.dvi dvips -o gawkinet.ps gawkinet.dvi gawk.1.ps: gawk.1 -groff -man $(srcdir)/gawk.1 > gawk.1.ps igawk.1.ps: igawk.1 -groff -man $(srcdir)/igawk.1 > igawk.1.ps awkcard.tr: awkcard.in sed 's:SRCDIR:$(srcdir):' < $(srcdir)/awkcard.in > awkcard.tr awkcard.ps: $(CARDFILES) $(TROFF) $(CARDSRC) | $(SEDME) | cat $(srcdir)/setter.outline - > awkcard.ps awkcard.nc: $(CARDFILES) $(TROFF) $(CARDSRC_N) | $(SEDME) | cat $(srcdir)/setter.outline - > awkcard.ps && touch awkcard.nc clean: rm -f *.ps *~ awkcard.nc awkcard.tr *.html # Tell versions [3.59,3.63) of GNU make to not export all variables. # Otherwise a system limit (for SysV at least) may be exceeded. .NOEXPORT: --- NEW FILE: statist.jpg --- (This appears to be a binary file; contents omitted.) --- NEW FILE: colors --- .\" AWK Reference Card --- Arnold Robbins, ar...@sk... .\" This file sets the colors to use. .\" .\" Copyright (C) 1996,97,99 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of .\" this reference card provided the copyright notice and this permission .\" notice are preserved on all copies. .\" .\" Permission is granted to process this file through troff and print the .\" results, provided the printed document carries copying permission .\" notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph .\" (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed reference card). .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this .\" reference card under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that .\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a .\" permission notice identical to this one. .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this .\" reference card into another language, under the above conditions for .\" modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in .\" a translation approved by the Foundation. .\" .ig Strings for inline color change. CR - color red CG - color green CL - color light blue CB - color blue CD - color dark, i.e. black CX - color boX, i.e. for the surrounding boxes (red for now) .. .ds CR \X'ps: exec 0 .96 .65 0 setcmykcolor' .ds CG \X'ps: exec 1.0 0 .51 .43 setcmykcolor' .ds CL \X'ps: exec .69 .34 0 0 setcmykcolor' .ds CB \X'ps: exec 1 .72 0 .06 setcmykcolor' .ds CD \X'ps: exec 1 1 1 1 setcmykcolor' .ds CX \*(CG --- NEW FILE: no.colors --- .\" AWK Reference Card --- Arnold Robbins, ar...@sk... .\" This file is for troff which does not know what to do .\" with literal Poscript and cannot use the macros from 'colors'. .\" .\" Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of .\" this reference card provided the copyright notice and this permission .\" notice are preserved on all copies. .\" .\" Permission is granted to process this file through troff and print the .\" results, provided the printed document carries copying permission .\" notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph .\" (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed reference card). .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this .\" reference card under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that .\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a .\" permission notice identical to this one. .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this .\" reference card into another language, under the above conditions for .\" modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in .\" a translation approved by the Foundation. .\" .ds CR .ds CG .ds CL .ds CB .ds CD .ds CX --- NEW FILE: ad.block --- .\" AWK Reference Card --- Arnold Robbins, ar...@sk... .\" This file is the Ad block (included in cover) .\" .\" Copyright (C) 1996, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of .\" this reference card provided the copyright notice and this permission .\" notice are preserved on all copies. .\" .\" Permission is granted to process this file through troff and print the .\" results, provided the printed document carries copying permission .\" notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph .\" (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed reference card). .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this .\" reference card under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that .\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a .\" permission notice identical to this one. .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this .\" reference card into another language, under the above conditions for .\" modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in .\" a translation approved by the Foundation. .\" .ft HB .ps 10 .vs 12 .ES .nf .ce 7 \*(CBFree Software Foundation, Inc. .ft H 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Phone: +1-617-542-5942 Fax (including Japan): +1-617-542-2652 E-mail: gn...@gn... URL: http://www.gnu.org .ce 5 .ft HB \*(CGSource Distributions on CD-ROM .\" Deluxe Distributions Emacs, Make and GDB Manuals Emacs and GDB References\*(CX .EB "\f(HBOTHER FSF PRODUCTS:\*(FR" .ps .vs --- NEW FILE: Makefile.am --- # # doc/Makefile.am --- automake input file for gawk # # Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005 the Free Software Foundation, Inc. # # This file is part of GAWK, the GNU implementation of the # AWK Programming Language. # # GAWK is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # GAWK is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA # ## process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in info_TEXINFOS = gawk.texi gawkinet.texi man_MANS = gawk.1 igawk.1 EXTRA_DIST = ChangeLog README.card ad.block setter.outline \ awkcard.in awkforai.txt texinfo.tex cardfonts \ macros colors no.colors $(man_MANS) \ lflashlight.eps rflashlight.eps \ statist.jpg statist.eps MAKEINFO = @MAKEINFO@ --no-split --force TROFF = groff -t -Tps -U SEDME = sed -e "s/^level0 restore/level0 restore flashme 100 72 moveto (Copyright `date '+%m-%d-%y %T'`, FSF, Inc. (all)) show/" \ -e "s/^\/level0 save def/\/level0 save def 30 -48 translate/" CARDSRC = $(srcdir)/macros $(srcdir)/cardfonts $(srcdir)/colors awkcard.tr CARDSRC_N = $(srcdir)/macros $(srcdir)/cardfonts $(srcdir)/no.colors awkcard.tr CARDFILES= $(CARDSRC) ad.block awkcard.in setter.outline # Use this if your troff can correctly handle macros from 'colors' file AWKCARD = awkcard.ps # Uncomment the following definition of AWKCARD if your troff can produce # Postscript but still has troubles with macros from 'colors'. As this # is not groff you will have to change TROFF macro as well. Do not forget # to ensure that awkcard.tr is processed by tbl. #AWKCARD = awkcard.nc # The following is patterned after the main Makefile.am. The point is to # make pgawk.1 a link to gawk.1 in the installed man directory. # We want hard links for install-data-hook, below LN= ln # Link gawk.1 to pgawk.1 install-data-hook: (cd $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir); \ $(LN) gawk.1 pgawk.1 2>/dev/null ; \ exit 0) # Undo the above when uninstalling uninstall-hook: cd $(DESTDIR)$(man1dir); rm -f pgawk.1 ; exit 0 postscript: gawk.ps gawkinet.ps gawk.1.ps igawk.1.ps $(AWKCARD) gawk.ps: gawk.dvi dvips -o gawk.ps gawk.dvi gawkinet.ps: gawkinet.dvi dvips -o gawkinet.ps gawkinet.dvi gawk.1.ps: gawk.1 -groff -man $(srcdir)/gawk.1 > gawk.1.ps igawk.1.ps: igawk.1 -groff -man $(srcdir)/igawk.1 > igawk.1.ps awkcard.tr: awkcard.in sed 's:SRCDIR:$(srcdir):' < $(srcdir)/awkcard.in > awkcard.tr awkcard.ps: $(CARDFILES) $(TROFF) $(CARDSRC) | $(SEDME) | cat $(srcdir)/setter.outline - > awkcard.ps awkcard.nc: $(CARDFILES) $(TROFF) $(CARDSRC_N) | $(SEDME) | cat $(srcdir)/setter.outline - > awkcard.ps && touch awkcard.nc clean: rm -f *.ps *~ awkcard.nc awkcard.tr *.html --- NEW FILE: awkforai.txt --- Draft for ACM SIGPLAN Patterns (Language Trends) 1996 Why GAWK for AI? Ronald P. Loui Most people are surprised when I tell them what language we use in our undergraduate AI programming class. That's understandable. We use GAWK. GAWK, Gnu's version of Aho, Weinberger, and Kernighan's old pattern scanning language isn't even viewed as a programming language by most people. Like PERL and TCL, most prefer to view it as a "scripting language." It has no objects; it is not functional; it does no built-in logic programming. Their surprise turns to puzzlement when I confide that (a) while the students are allowed to use any language they want; (b) with a single exception, the best work consistently results from those working in GAWK. (footnote: The exception was a PASCAL programmer who is now an NSF graduate fellow getting a Ph.D. in mathematics at Harvard.) Programmers in C, C++, and LISP haven't even been close (we have not seen work in PROLOG or JAVA). Why GAWK? There are some quick answers that have to do with the pragmatics of undergraduate programming. Then there are more instructive answers that might be valuable to those who debate programming paradigms or to those who study the history of AI languages. And there are some deep philosophical answers that expose the nature of reasoning and symbolic AI. I think the answers, especially the last ones, can be even more surprising than the observed effectiveness of GAWK for AI. First it must be confessed that PERL programmers can cobble together AI projects well, too. Most of GAWK's attractiveness is reproduced in PERL, and the success of PERL forebodes some of the success of GAWK. Both are powerful string-processing languages that allow the programmer to exploit many of the features of a UNIX environment. Both provide powerful constructions for manipulating a wide variety of data in reasonably efficient ways. Both are interpreted, which can reduce development time. Both have short learning curves. The GAWK manual can be consumed in a single lab session and the language can be mastered by the next morning by the average student. GAWK's automatic initialization, implicit coercion, I/O support and lack of pointers forgive many of the mistakes that young programmers are likely to make. Those who have seen C but not mastered it are happy to see that GAWK retains some of the same sensibilities while adding what must be regarded as spoonsful of syntactic sugar. Some will argue that PERL has superior functionality, but for quick AI applications, the additional functionality is rarely missed. In fact, PERL's terse syntax is not friendly when regular expressions begin to proliferate and strings contain fragments of HTML, WWW addresses, or shell commands. PERL provides new ways of doing things, but not necessarily ways of doing new things. In the end, despite minor difference, both PERL and GAWK minimize programmer time. Neither really provides the programmer the setting in which to worry about minimizing run-time. There are further simple answers. Probably the best is the fact that increasingly, undergraduate AI programming is involving the Web. Oren Etzioni (University of Washington, Seattle) has for a while been arguing that the "softbot" is replacing the mechanical engineers' robot as the most glamorous AI testbed. If the artifact whose behavior needs to be controlled in an intelligent way is the software agent, then a language that is well-suited to controlling the software environment is the appropriate language. That would imply a scripting language. If the robot is KAREL, then the right language is "turn left; turn right." If the robot is Netscape, then the right language is something that can generate "netscape -remote 'openURL(http://cs.wustl.edu/~loui)'" with elan. Of course, there are deeper answers. Jon Bentley found two pearls in GAWK: its regular expressions and its associative arrays. GAWK asks the programmer to use the file system for data organization and the operating system for debugging tools and subroutine libraries. There is no issue of user-interface. This forces the programmer to return to the question of what the program does, not how it looks. There is no time spent programming a binsort when the data can be shipped to /bin/sort in no time. (footnote: I am reminded of my IBM colleague Ben Grosof's advice for Palo Alto: Don't worry about whether it's highway 101 or 280. Don't worry if you have to head south for an entrance to go north. Just get on the highway as quickly as possible.) There are some similarities between GAWK and LISP that are illuminating. Both provided a powerful uniform data structure (the associative array implemented as a hash table for GAWK and the S-expression, or list of lists, for LISP). Both were well-supported in their environments (GAWK being a child of UNIX, and LISP being the heart of lisp machines). Both have trivial syntax and find their power in the programmer's willingness to use the simple blocks to build a complex approach. Deeper still, is the nature of AI programming. AI is about functionality and exploratory programming. It is about bottom-up design and the building of ambitions as greater behaviors can be demonstrated. Woe be to the top-down AI programmer who finds that the bottom-level refinements, "this subroutine parses the sentence," cannot actually be implemented. Woe be to the programmer who perfects the data structures for that heapsort when the whole approach to the high-level problem needs to be rethought, and the code is sent to the junkheap the next day. AI programming requires high-level thinking. There have always been a few gifted programmers who can write high-level programs in assembly language. Most however need the ambient abstraction to have a higher floor. Now for the surprising philosophical answers. First, AI has discovered that brute-force combinatorics, as an approach to generating intelligent behavior, does not often provide the solution. Chess, neural nets, and genetic programming show the limits of brute computation. The alternative is clever program organization. (footnote: One might add that the former are the AI approaches that work, but that is easily dismissed: those are the AI approaches that work in general, precisely because cleverness is problem-specific.) So AI programmers always want to maximize the content of their program, not optimize the efficiency of an approach. They want minds, not insects. Instead of enumerating large search spaces, they define ways of reducing search, ways of bringing different knowledge to the task. A language that maximizes what the programmer can attempt rather than one that provides tremendous control over how to attempt it, will be the AI choice in the end. Second, inference is merely the expansion of notation. No matter whether the logic that underlies an AI program is fuzzy, probabilistic, deontic, defeasible, or deductive, the logic merely defines how strings can be transformed into other strings. A language that provides the best support for string processing in the end provides the best support for logic, for the exploration of various logics, and for most forms of symbolic processing that AI might choose to call "reasoning" instead of "logic." The implication is that PROLOG, which saves the AI programmer from having to write a unifier, saves perhaps two dozen lines of GAWK code at the expense of strongly biasing the logic and representational expressiveness of any approach. I view these last two points as news not only to the programming language community, but also to much of the AI community that has not reflected on the past decade's lessons. In the puny language, GAWK, which Aho, Weinberger, and Kernighan thought not much more important than grep or sed, I find lessons in AI's trends, AI's history, and the foundations of AI. What I have found not only surprising but also hopeful, is that when I have approached the AI people who still enjoy programming, some of them are not the least bit surprised. R. Loui (lo...@ai...) is Associate Professor of Computer Science, at Washington University in St. Louis. He has published in AI Journal, Computational Intelligence, ACM SIGART, AI Magazine, AI and Law, the ACM Computing Surveys Symposium on AI, Cognitive Science, Minds and Machines, Journal of Philosophy, and is on this year's program committees for AAAI (National AI conference) and KR (Knowledge Representation and Reasoning). --- NEW FILE: cardfonts --- .\" AWK Reference Card --- Arnold Robbins, ar...@sk... .\" cardfonts --- this file sets the fonts to use for the reference card .\" .\" Copyright (C) 1996 Free Software Foundation, Inc. .\" .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of .\" this reference card provided the copyright notice and this permission .\" notice are preserved on all copies. .\" .\" Permission is granted to process this file through troff and print the .\" results, provided the printed document carries copying permission .\" notice identical to this one except for the removal of this paragraph .\" (this paragraph not being relevant to the printed reference card). .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this .\" reference card under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that .\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a .\" permission notice identical to this one. .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this .\" reference card into another language, under the above conditions for .\" modified versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in .\" a translation approved by the Foundation. .\" .ig Strings for inline font change. FR - font roman FI - font italic FC - font courier .. .ds FR \fR .ds FI \fI .ds FC \f(CB .ds RN Times Roman .ds IN Times Italic .ds CN Courier Bold .ds AM \fIGAWK: Effective AWK Programming\fP --- NEW FILE: lflashlight.eps --- %! %%Creator: arnold@skeeve (Aharon Robbins) %%Title: rflashlight.small.xpic (xpic) %%CreationDate: Tue Dec 12 09:51:27 2000 %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 72 28.8 % (in inches) at 0 0, width 1, height 0.4 %%EndComments % Prolog for xpic to PostScript converter % Author: Mark Moraes % $Header: x2ps.pro,v 1.2 88/03/19 16:50:09 moraes Exp % %d D - change style SOLID, DOTTED, SHORT-DASH, LONG-DASH, DOT-DASH % %s F - change font to fontname % %d S - change size (font size in points) % (%s) rj %d t - text right just. (%d is TOPLINE, MIDLINE, BOTLINE) % (%s) lj %d t - text left just. (%d is TOPLINE, MIDLINE, BOTLINE) % (%s) ce %d t - text centered (%d is TOPLINE, MIDLINE, BOTLINE) % %d %d l - lineto % %d %d m - moveto % %d %d s - spline segment % x - flush line, spline % <wid> <ht> <x> <y> b - box % <wid> <ht> <x> <y> e - ellipse % %d ss - setscale % %d W - change linewidth % getpagesize - gets the values of PAGEHEIGHT and PAGEWIDTH % %d %d flip - translate by %d, PAGEHEIGHT - %d (this % transforms to X windows coordinates) save 50 dict begin /xpic exch def /StartXpic {newpath 0 0 moveto [] 0 setdash 0 setgray 1 setlinecap} def % Set defaults /fontname /Times-Roman def /ptsize 12 def % halign has the values for MIDLINE, TOPLINE, BOTLINE /halign 3 array def /s {rcurveto} def /x {stroke} def /l {lineto} def /m {moveto} def /b { /ury exch def /urx exch def /lly exch def /llx exch def llx lly moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto llx lly lineto stroke } def /mtrx matrix def /e { /yc exch def /xc exch def /yrad exch def /xrad exch def xc xrad add yc moveto /savematrix mtrx currentmatrix def xc yc translate xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc savematrix setmatrix stroke } def % The next three take the text string, and moveto the right horiz. position % leaving the string on the stack. /lj {} def /rj {dup stringwidth pop neg 0 rmoveto} def /ce {dup stringwidth pop 2 div neg 0 rmoveto} def % And this is invoked after one of the three above, and % computes the vert. pos, and then displays the string. /t {halign exch get 0 exch rmoveto show newpath} def % Store an array of patterns in /styles - a pattern is an array consisting % of an array and an offset. Corresp to xpic patterns % solid, dotted, short-dashed, long-dashed, dot-dashed /styles [ [] 0 ] [ [1 3] 0 ] [ [4 4] 0 ] [ [8 4] 0 ] [ [1 4 4 4] 0 ] 5 array astore def % change style to arg. /D {stroke styles exch get aload pop setdash newpath} def /W {stroke 0.5 mul setlinewidth newpath} def % fontbox takes a fontname off the stack, and returns an array % containing the values of the bottom line of the bounding box, the % mid line of the bounding box, and the top line of the bounding box % of that font, taken from the baseline, scaled to a font of size 1 /fontbox { findfont dup /FontMatrix get /fm exch def /FontBBox get aload pop /ytop exch def pop /ybot exch def pop /ymid ytop ybot sub 2 div def 0 ybot fm dtransform exch pop % botline dup neg exch % midline - this works better than (ytop-ybot)/2! 0 ytop fm dtransform exch pop exch %topline % now in the order midline, topline, botline. 3 array astore } def % select font /F { dup /fontname exch def fontbox /thisfontbox exch def SF } def % set point size /S {/ptsize exch def SF} def % actually set font /SF { fontname findfont ptsize curscale div scalefont setfont thisfontbox aload pop 1 1 3 { pop ptsize mul curscale div neg 3 1 roll } for halign astore pop } def % sets the scale to 72 / n, where n is on the stack, and stores the value % in curscale for font scaling /curscale 1 def /getpagesize{newpath clippath pathbbox /pageheight exch def /pagewidth exch def pop pop newpath} def /flip{pageheight exch sub translate} def /ss {/curscale exch 72 exch div dup dup scale def} def /land {90 rotate} def StartXpic %%EndProlog 80 ss 0.5 W 0 D 80 32 m 64 24 l x 32 24 m 56 32 l x 32 8 m 56 0 l x 8 16 56 16 e 0 24 32 8 b 64 16 m 80 16 l x 64 8 m 80 0 l x %%Trailer showpage % Trailer for xpic to PostScript converter % $Header: /cvsroot/mingw/msys/packages/gawk/3.1.5/doc/lflashlight.eps,v 1.1 2006/08/14 17:32:28 earnie Exp $ xpic end restore --- NEW FILE: macros --- .\" SSC Reference card macros .\" .\" Copyright (C) 1996, Specialized System Consultants Inc. (SSC) .\" .\" These macros are free software; you can redistribute them and/or modify .\" them under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by .\" the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or .\" (at your option) any later version. .\" .\" These macros are distributed in the hope that it will be useful, .\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of .\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the .\" GNU General Public License for more details. .\" .\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License .\" along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software .\" Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA .\" .\" Generic SSC "card" macros .\" based on lots of other macros .\" Last update: 4-25-91 ph .\" attempting to get margins in the boxes Aug 3 09:43:48 PDT 1994 .ll 3i \" length of text line .lt 3.2i \" length of title line .de BT \" bottom of page trap .sp |8.2i \" go to where we put footer .ie \\n(CL=1 \{\ . nr CL 2 .tl ''\\*(CD\\n+(PN'' \" footer is just page number . po 4i \" go to second column .TP \" print header if any \} .el \{\ . nr CL 1 .tl ''\\*(CD\\n+(PN'' \" footer is just page number . po .5i \" go to first column . bp \" force a new page (which will force header) . TP \} .. .de TP \" top of page .\" .sp |.2i .sp |0 .\" put page header stuff here .\" for example: .tl ''WOW!'' .\".sp .. .\" .wh 8.1i BT \" set bottom of column trap .nf \" don't fill lines .nh \" no hyphenation .nr CL 1 \" start with column = 1 .po .5i \" offset for first column .vs 9 \" line spacing .ps 8 \" point size .de ST \" set tabs to normal places .ta .2i .78i 1.2i 1.7i \" set tabs .. .ig From: br...@ch... (Bryan Glennon) Box macro. Do a .mk z where the box is to start, and a .eb where it is to end. Optional argument is a title to be centered within the top box line. Usage: .mk z Text, etc to be boxed... .eb "Optional title goes here" ~or~ .mk z Text, etc to be boxed... .eb Some explanation: The macro name is eb <.de eb>. First thing we do is to go up on line <.sp -1> and turn off fill mode <.nf>. Now it gets interesting: the .ie is the if/else construct. We check the number of arguments provided to the macro <\\n(.$> and if it is greater than 0 (meaning we have a title), we do the rest of the .ie line, as follows: \h'-.5n' - move left one-half of an n \L'|\\nzu-1' - draw a vertical line <\L> to the absolute position (|) given by \\nzu-1, which is the position set with the .mk command into register z <\\nz> in base units <u> minus 1. \l'(\\n(.lu+1n-\w'\\$1'u/2u)\(ul' - Draw a horizontal line <\l> with length equal to the current line length <\\n(.l> in base units <u> plus the space required for an 'n' <1n>, minus the width <\w> of the title string <\\$1> in base units <u> divided by 2 <in base units <u>>. Draw the line using the underline character, <\(ul>. \v'.3m'\|\\$1\|\v'-.3m' - Move down the page 3/10 of an m, <\v'.3m'>, output a 1/6 of an m space <\|>, output the title <\\$1>, another 1/6 of an m space <\|>, and then move up the page 3/10 of an m <\v'-.3m'>. \l'...\(ul' - Draw the second part of the line, just like the corresponding left half done before. \L'-|\\nzu+1' - Draw a verticle line <\L> going down the absolute distance <-|> from where the macro was given to where the start point was marked <\\nz> in base units <u> plus one line <+1> \l'|0u-.5n\(ul' - Draw a horizontal line to the absolute position (|0) when the macro was invoked, minus half an n <-.5n> using the underline character <\(ul>. The .el beings the else part, which is identical to the above, except the string dosen't get printed. This makes the printing of the top line much easier: just draw a line <\l> with width equal to the current line plus the witdh of an n <\\n(.l+1n> using the underline character <.\(ul>. .. .de ES \" start "text in a box" .mk z .in +.5n .ll -.5n .sp 1.3 .. .de EB \" end "text in a box" -- optional box title as argument .sp -.6 .nf .in -.5n .ll +.5n .ie \\n(.$\ \L'|\\nzu'\ \l'(\\n(.lu-\w'\\$1'u)/2u-.33m\(ul'\ \v'.3m'\|\\$1\|\v'-.3m'\ \l'(\\n(.lu-\w'\\$1'u)/2u\(ul'\ \L'-|\\nzu'\ \l'|0u\(ul' .el \h'-.5n'\L'|\\nzu-1'\l'\\n(.lu+1n\(ul'\L'-|\\nzu+1'\l'|0u-.5n\(ul' .in 0 .. .de SL \" draw single line (works in non-fill mode only) .sp -.8 .ti 0 \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' .. .de Hl \" draw horizontal line .br .ti 0 \l'\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu' .br .. .de DL \" draw double line (works in non-fill mode only) .sp -.8 .ti 0 \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' .sp -.8 .ti 0 \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' .. .ST .nr PN 0 1 \" sets starting page number and auto-increment .\" must define page header (if any) before here .TP .ds 3) \|\v'3p'\s+5\z\(sq\s0\v'-3p'\h'1.25p'\v'-.5p'3\v'.5p'\h'2p' .\" old one .ds 2) \h'-1.5p'\v'1p'\s+4\z\(ci\s0\v'-1p'\h'3.25p'2 .ds 2) \|\v'-2.4p'\D'c.095id'\h'-5.15p'\v'2.4p'2\h'1.9p' .ds dC \v'1p'\s+5\(bu\s0\v'-1p'\" for development commands .ds tC \s+2\(dm\s0\" (for DWB) should be a triangle .ds tP \s+2\(dm\s0\" (for other text processing) should be a triangle .\" various trademark symbols .ds Tm \v'-0.5m'\s8TM\s0\v'0.5m' .ds Ts \v'-0.5m'\s4TM\s0\v'0.5m' .ig ++ .\" mount Serifa fonts .fp 5 SR .fp 6 SB .fp 4 Si .++ .\" other assorted junk .lg 0 .\" Fl requires extended version of troff .de Fl \" draw fat horizontal line .br .ti 0 .ruw 1.5p \l'\\n(.lu-\\n(.iu' .br .ruw .. .de Bx \" box for keys in text \\$3\&\|\&\c \s-3\(br\|\fH\v'.18n'\\$1\v'-.18n\fP\|\(br\l'|0\(rn'\l'|0\(ul'\&\s0\|\\$2 .. .de Fn \" function name - left justified, gray background .\" bold with gray for function name .ns .br \ .ns .br \!! gsave ( ) stringwidth neg 0 rmoveto \!! /Serifa-Bold findfont 8 scalefont setfont \!! (\\$1) dup stringwidth pop 6 gsave dup 0 exch rlineto neg exch 0 rlineto \!! 0 exch rlineto closepath .9 setgray fill grestore show \!! grestore .nf .rs .. .rs --- NEW FILE: rflashlight.eps --- %! %%Creator: arnold@skeeve (Aharon Robbins) %%Title: flashlight.small.xpic (xpic) %%CreationDate: Tue Oct 24 14:41:28 2000 %%Pages: 1 %%BoundingBox: 0 0 72 28.8 % (in inches) at 0 0, width 1, height 0.4 %%EndComments % Prolog for xpic to PostScript converter % Author: Mark Moraes % $Header: x2ps.pro,v 1.2 88/03/19 16:50:09 moraes Exp % %d D - change style SOLID, DOTTED, SHORT-DASH, LONG-DASH, DOT-DASH % %s F - change font to fontname % %d S - change size (font size in points) % (%s) rj %d t - text right just. (%d is TOPLINE, MIDLINE, BOTLINE) % (%s) lj %d t - text left just. (%d is TOPLINE, MIDLINE, BOTLINE) % (%s) ce %d t - text centered (%d is TOPLINE, MIDLINE, BOTLINE) % %d %d l - lineto % %d %d m - moveto % %d %d s - spline segment % x - flush line, spline % <wid> <ht> <x> <y> b - box % <wid> <ht> <x> <y> e - ellipse % %d ss - setscale % %d W - change linewidth % getpagesize - gets the values of PAGEHEIGHT and PAGEWIDTH % %d %d flip - translate by %d, PAGEHEIGHT - %d (this % transforms to X windows coordinates) save 50 dict begin /xpic exch def /StartXpic {newpath 0 0 moveto [] 0 setdash 0 setgray 1 setlinecap} def % Set defaults /fontname /Times-Roman def /ptsize 12 def % halign has the values for MIDLINE, TOPLINE, BOTLINE /halign 3 array def /s {rcurveto} def /x {stroke} def /l {lineto} def /m {moveto} def /b { /ury exch def /urx exch def /lly exch def /llx exch def llx lly moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto llx lly lineto stroke } def /mtrx matrix def /e { /yc exch def /xc exch def /yrad exch def /xrad exch def xc xrad add yc moveto /savematrix mtrx currentmatrix def xc yc translate xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 0 360 arc savematrix setmatrix stroke } def % The next three take the text string, and moveto the right horiz. position % leaving the string on the stack. /lj {} def /rj {dup stringwidth pop neg 0 rmoveto} def /ce {dup stringwidth pop 2 div neg 0 rmoveto} def % And this is invoked after one of the three above, and % computes the vert. pos, and then displays the string. /t {halign exch get 0 exch rmoveto show newpath} def % Store an array of patterns in /styles - a pattern is an array consisting % of an array and an offset. Corresp to xpic patterns % solid, dotted, short-dashed, long-dashed, dot-dashed /styles [ [] 0 ] [ [1 3] 0 ] [ [4 4] 0 ] [ [8 4] 0 ] [ [1 4 4 4] 0 ] 5 array astore def % change style to arg. /D {stroke styles exch get aload pop setdash newpath} def /W {stroke 0.5 mul setlinewidth newpath} def % fontbox takes a fontname off the stack, and returns an array % containing the values of the bottom line of the bounding box, the % mid line of the bounding box, and the top line of the bounding box % of that font, taken from the baseline, scaled to a font of size 1 /fontbox { findfont dup /FontMatrix get /fm exch def /FontBBox get aload pop /ytop exch def pop /ybot exch def pop /ymid ytop ybot sub 2 div def 0 ybot fm dtransform exch pop % botline dup neg exch % midline - this works better than (ytop-ybot)/2! 0 ytop fm dtransform exch pop exch %topline % now in the order midline, topline, botline. 3 array astore } def % select font /F { dup /fontname exch def fontbox /thisfontbox exch def SF } def % set point size /S {/ptsize exch def SF} def % actually set font /SF { fontname findfont ptsize curscale div scalefont setfont thisfontbox aload pop 1 1 3 { pop ptsize mul curscale div neg 3 1 roll } for halign astore pop } def % sets the scale to 72 / n, where n is on the stack, and stores the value % in curscale for font scaling /curscale 1 def /getpagesize{newpath clippath pathbbox /pageheight exch def /pagewidth exch def pop pop newpath} def /flip{pageheight exch sub translate} def /ss {/curscale exch 72 exch div dup dup scale def} def /land {90 rotate} def StartXpic %%EndProlog 80 ss 0.5 W 0 D 8 16 24 16 e 24 32 m 48 24 l x 24 0 m 48 8 l x 48 24 m 0 0 0 -5.33333 0 -16 s x 48 24 80 8 b 0 8 m 0 8 l x 0 0 m 16 8 l x 0 16 m 16 16 l x 16 24 m 0 32 l x %%Trailer showpage % Trailer for xpic to PostScript converter % $Header: /cvsroot/mingw/msys/packages/gawk/3.1.5/doc/rflashlight.eps,v 1.1 2006/08/14 17:32:28 earnie Exp $ xpic end restore --- NEW FILE: gawk.texi --- \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename gawk.info @settitle The GNU Awk User's Guide @c %**end of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @dircategory Text creation and manipulation @direntry * Gawk: (gawk). A text scanning and processing language. @end direntry @dircategory Individual utilities @direntry * awk: (gawk)Invoking gawk. Text scanning and processing. @end direntry @set xref-automatic-section-title @c The following information should be updated here only! @c This sets the edition of the document, the version of gawk it [...28591 lines suppressed...] % - Truth Values and Conditions % + True and False in Awk % + Boolean Expressions % + Conditional Expressions % - Function Calls % - Operator Precedence % %Chapter 7: % - Array Basics % + Introduction to Arrays % + Referring to an Array Element % + Assigning Array Elements % + Basic Array Example % + Scanning All Elements of an Array % - The delete Statement % - Using Numbers to Subscript Arrays % - Using Uninitialized Variables as Subscripts % - Multidimensional Arrays % + Scanning Multidimensional Arrays % - Sorting Array Values and Indices with gawk --- NEW FILE: README.card --- Mon Dec 9 12:45:48 EST 1996 The AWK reference card included here requires a modern version of troff (ditroff). GNU Troff (groff) is known to work. If your troff is able to produce Postscript but does not know how to properly use the macros from `colors' file then try to uncomment in Makefile the defintion which sets AWKCARD to awkcard.nc (no colors). This will definitely require changes to the TROFF macro and you have to ensure that the tbl preprocessor is called. For example, the following modifications on NeXT: TROFF = tbl SEDME = ptroff -t | sed -e \ "s/^level0 restore/level0 restore flashme 100 72 moveto\ (Copyright `date`, FSF, Inc. (all)) show/" \ -e "s/^\/level0 save def/\/level0 save def 30 -48 translate/" will produce a correctly formatted, albeit monochromatic, reference card. --- NEW FILE: setter.outline --- %!PS-Adobe-3.0 % SSC Reference card typesetter outline / cut marks % % Copyright (C) 1996, Specialized System Consultants Inc. (SSC) % % This file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify % it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by % the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or % (at your option) any later version. % % This file is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, % but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of % MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the % GNU General Public License for more details. % % You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License % along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software % Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA % %! page cut marks and stuff for Pocket References - 10-26-88 - ph %! modified to move the cut marks onto the page %! center a string /inch {72 mul} def /cshow % stk: string % center string in space (space us variable) { dup stringwidth pop % get length of string space exch sub 2 div % compute initial space needed 0 rmoveto % move over show } def /flashme { /space 612 def 0 0 0 setrgbcolor % always print this stuff /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont gsave % for groff (I hope) -6 -6 translate 0.2 setlinewidth 0.25 inch 10.5 inch moveto 0.5 inch 10.5 inch lineto .75 inch 10.75 inch moveto .75 inch 11 inch lineto stroke 0.25 inch 2 inch moveto 0.5 inch 2 inch lineto .75 inch 1.75 inch moveto .75 inch 1.50 inch lineto stroke 4.25 inch 11 inch moveto 4.25 inch 10.75 inch lineto stroke 4.25 inch 1.75 inch moveto 4.25 inch 1.5 inch lineto stroke 7.75 inch 1.5 inch moveto 7.75 inch 1.75 inch lineto 8 inch 2 inch moveto 8.25 inch 2 inch lineto stroke 7.75 inch 11 inch moveto 7.75 inch 10.75 inch lineto 8 inch 10.5 inch moveto 8.25 inch 10.5 inch lineto stroke grestore } def % actually do something --- NEW FILE: texinfo.tex --- % texinfo.tex -- TeX macros to handle Texinfo files. % % Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex. \expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi % \def\texinfoversion{2005-01-30.17} % % Copyright (C) 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, % 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 Free Software % Foundation, Inc. % % This texinfo.tex file is free software; you can redistribute it and/or % modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as % published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at % your option) any later version. % % This texinfo.tex file is distributed in the hope that it will be % useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty % of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU [...7047 lines suppressed...] % These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special. @catcode`@& = @other @catcode`@# = @other @catcode`@% = @other @c Local variables: @c eval: (add-hook 'write-file-hooks 'time-stamp) @c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message" @c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{" @c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H" @c time-stamp-end: "}" @c End: @c vim:sw=2: @ignore arch-tag: e1b36e32-c96e-4135-a41a-0b2efa2ea115 @end ignore --- NEW FILE: gawkinet.info --- This is gawkinet.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.6 from gawkinet.texi. INFO-DIR-SECTION Network applications START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * Gawkinet: (gawkinet). TCP/IP Internetworking With `gawk'. END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY This is Edition 1.1 of `TCP/IP Internetworking With `gawk'', for the 3.1.4 (or later) version of the GNU implementation of AWK. Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "GNU General Public License", the Front-Cover [...4388 lines suppressed...] Node: Caveats78073 Node: Challenges79213 Node: Some Applications and Techniques87874 Node: PANIC90322 Node: GETURL92034 Node: REMCONF94650 Node: URLCHK100114 Node: WEBGRAB103937 Node: STATIST108367 Ref: STATIST-Footnote-1120029 Node: MAZE120471 Node: MOBAGWHO126646 Ref: MOBAGWHO-Footnote-1140547 Node: STOXPRED140599 Node: PROTBASE154809 Node: Links167844 Node: GNU Free Documentation License171278 Node: Index193671 End Tag Table --- NEW FILE: gawkinet.texi --- \input texinfo @c -*-texinfo-*- @c %**start of header (This is for running Texinfo on a region.) @setfilename gawkinet.info @settitle TCP/IP Internetworking With @command{gawk} @c %**end of header (This i... 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