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Re: [Gtk-gnutella-devel] [Gtk-gnutella-users] Pop Count Woes Again
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From: Matthew L. <ml...@ta...> - 2007-01-29 21:02:45
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Hey guys... Firstly, responding to Bill... I've been told that the three leading underscores is perfectly normal for Darwin/OSX. The code you provided compiled and executed with absolutely no comment or complaint; my apologies for not having tried it before. I've been skimming through various documents at <http://developer.apple.com/>, and although the track you're on is somewhere over my head - that is, I don't know enough about C or libraries to follow you entirely - my sense is that the problem is probably something different. I've tried one new thing, with interesting results, the use of a "- flat_namespace" flag for the compiler (actually it gets passed to the linker, I suppose.) The problems that occurred with that are noted further down. First, though, I thought I might share a few snippets of things that stood out in the documents I read. I figured that if a 'NOTE' statement was emphasized in it's own text box, it probably signified behavior that was unique to Darwin/OSX, and that there was a chance that one or more of them might make the whole situation suddenly obvious to someone. ---------------------- > "Important: Mac OS X does not support the concept of weak linking > as it is found in systems like Linux. If you override one symbol, > you must override all of the symbols in that object file." (from <http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Porting/Conceptual/ PortingUnix/compiling/chapter_4_section_9.html>) ---------------------- > "Important: All runtime loaded should be opened into the local > scope. Adhering to this rule makes finding symbols at runtime as > fast as possible." > "Note: Name conflicts between dynamic shared libraries are not > discovered at compile time, link time, or runtime. The dlsym > function uses string matching to find symbols. If two libraries use > the same name for a function, the first one that matches the symbol > name given to dlsym is returned." > "Note: In Mac OS X you can interpose only dependent libraries. > Symbols in runtime loaded libraries cannot be interposed." (from <http://developer.apple.com/documentation/DeveloperTools/ Conceptual/DynamicLibraries/Articles/ DynamicLibraryUsageGuidelines.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40001928-SW10>) ---------------------- > "The two-level namespace design has many advantages for Carbon > applications. However, it can cause problems for many traditional > UNIX applications if they were designed to work in a flat namespace > environment [...] To allow the application to override references > made by libfoo to libbar, you would use the flag -flat_namespace. > The ld(1) man page has a more detailed discussion of this flag. The > two-level namespace is discussed at <http://developer.apple.com/ > releasenotes/DeveloperTools/TwoLevelNamespaces.html.>" (from <http://developer.apple.com/documentation/Porting/Conceptual/ PortingUnix/compiling/chapter_4_section_7.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/ TP40002850-BCIHJBBF>). ---------------------- There's a very good guide to how programs are actually executed on the Macintosh at <http://0xfe.blogspot.com/2006/03/how-os-x-executes- applications.html>, if anyone's interested. Now, on to things that I've done myself. I just finished trying to compile without the direct library reference, and with the "- flat_namespace" flag (which seems obvious in retrospect). This gave 'dyld' (the OS X dynamic linker) access to many more libraries than it had previously been aware of, including "/usr/lib/libgcc_s. 1.dylib". I'll append the list of all these libraries to the bottom of this message, in case it might be helpful. The final "cc -o gtk- gnutella" command failed with multiple 'multiple definitions of symbol' errors: > cc -o gtk-gnutella main.o if/bridge/ui2c.o if/bridge/c2ui.o if/ > gnet_property.o if/gui_property.o -Lcore -lcore -Ldht -ldht -Lui/ > gtk -lgtk-common -lgtkx -lgtk-common -ldht -lcore -Llib -lshared -L/ > usr/local/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lgtk -lgdk -lXext -lX11 -lm - > lglib -L/usr/local/lib -lglib -lxml2 -lz -liconv -lm -L/opt/ > local/lib -ldbus-1 -L/usr/local/lib -lgnutls -L/usr/local/lib - > lsqlite3 -mcpu=7450 -fast -mpim-altivec -maltivec -mabi=altivec - > ggdb3 -flat_namespace -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib - > framework Accelerate -lz -lintl -lresolv -liconv > > [list of libraries logged by dyld due to the RC_TRACE_DYLIBS and > RC_TRACE_ARCHIVES enviroment variables moved further down...] > > /usr/bin/ld: multiple definitions of symbol _g_realloc > lib/libshared.a(glib-missing.o) definition of _g_realloc in section > (__TEXT,__text) > /usr/local/lib/libglib.dylib(gmem.lo) definition of _g_realloc > /usr/bin/ld: multiple definitions of symbol _g_malloc > lib/libshared.a(glib-missing.o) definition of _g_malloc in section > (__TEXT,__text) > /usr/local/lib/libglib.dylib(gmem.lo) definition of _g_malloc > /usr/bin/ld: multiple definitions of symbol _g_free > lib/libshared.a(glib-missing.o) definition of _g_free in section > (__TEXT,__text) > /usr/local/lib/libglib.dylib(gmem.lo) definition of _g_free > /usr/bin/ld: multiple definitions of symbol _g_malloc0 > lib/libshared.a(glib-missing.o) definition of _g_malloc0 in section > (__TEXT,__text) > /usr/local/lib/libglib.dylib(gmem.lo) definition of _g_malloc0 > collect2: ld returned 1 exit status > make[2]: *** [gtk-gnutella] Error 1 > make[1]: *** [subdirs] Error 1 > make: *** [all] Error 2 There was also one interesting warning from ld: > /usr/bin/ld: warning can't open dynamic library: /opt/local/lib/ > libiconv.2.dylib (checking for undefined symbols may be affected) > (No such file or directory, errno = 2) I'll look for a loose symbolic link, because that's probably the cause I think. "/usr/local/lib/libiconv.2.4.0.dylib" was found without problem. As to why multiple copies are being referenced, I don't know. Here's the list of all the libraries dyld reported using: > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /ml/prj/gtk- > gnutella/src/core/libcore.a > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /ml/prj/gtk- > gnutella/src/dht/libdht.a > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /ml/prj/gtk- > gnutella/src/ui/gtk/libgtk-common.a > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /ml/prj/gtk- > gnutella/src/ui/gtk/libgtkx.a > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /ml/prj/gtk- > gnutella/src/ui/gtk/libgtk-common.a > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /ml/prj/gtk- > gnutella/src/lib/libshared.a > [...ld warning occurred at this point.] > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libgtk-1.2.0.9.1.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libgdk-1.2.0.9.1.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/X11R6/ > lib/libXext.6.4.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/X11R6/ > lib/libX11.6.2.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libSystem.B.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libglib-1.2.0.0.10.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /opt/local/ > lib/libxml2.2.6.23.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /opt/local/ > lib/libz.1.2.3.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libiconv.2.4.0.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /opt/local/ > lib/libdbus-1.2.0.0.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libgnutls.13.0.6.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libsqlite3.0.8.6.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Accelerate > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libintl.8.0.0.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libresolv.9.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libmx.A.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libgmodule-1.2.0.0.10.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libgcc_s.1.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /opt/local/ > lib/libgmodule-1.2.0.0.10.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /opt/local/ > lib/libglib-1.2.0.0.10.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > system/libmathCommon.A.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libtasn1.3.0.4.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libz.1.2.3.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libgcrypt.11.2.1.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/local/ > lib/libgpg-error.0.2.1.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libiconv.2.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ > vImage.framework/Versions/A/vImage > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ > vecLib.framework/Versions/A/vecLib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libicucore.A.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libauto.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /usr/lib/ > libobjc.A.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ > vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvMisc.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ > vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libvDSP.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ > vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used dynamic library: /System/ > Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/ > vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libLAPACK.dylib > [Logging for Build & Integration] Used static archive: /usr/lib/gcc/ > darwin/3.3/libgcc.a Hope this is helpful, or at least interesting. regards, matt. |