[dhis2] Re: [dhis] What does TB and PHC stand for?

[Ola H. T. <ol...@st...>]

> 1. I am not sure much about TB and PHC. What do they stand for?
> 2. Can I have a description of data elements and data indicator? It is
> useful for us to understand clearly the system. Could you show me where
> to get those documents.
>
> Regards,
> Thanh Ngoc Nguyen
> Business Analyst
> TMA DHIS team (Vietnam)

Hi Thanh,

TB stands for Tuberculose, webster dictionary
(http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/T%252E/T%252EB%252E.html)
defines TB.

PHC stands for Primary Health Care. The WHO glossary
(http://www.euro.who.int/observatory/Glossary/Toppage?phrase=Primary%20Health%20Care)
states:

Core definition:
The first level contact with people taking action to improve health in a
community.

Source:WHO, 1998a

Notes:
In a system with a gatekeeper, all initial (non-emergency) consultations
with doctors, nurses or other health staff are termed primary health care,
as opposed to secondary health care or referral services. In systems with
direct access to specialists, the distinction is usually based on
facilities, with polyclinics, for example, providing primary care and
hospitals secondary care (Witter, 1997; Getzen, 1997).

Supplementary definition:
Primary Health Care is essential health care made accessible at a cost
which the country and community can afford, with methods that are
practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable (WHO, 1998b).

Example/s:	Primary health care was strengthened to ensure that priority
essential health services were provided at the first point of care by
general practitioners.

Indicators (in the health setting)
From the WHO glossary on indicators
(http://www.euro.who.int/observatory/Glossary/Toppage?phrase=Indicator):
-------
Core definition:
Identified and measured variables which help to show changes directly and
indirectly relevant to goals, objectives and targets.

Source:
WHO, 1998a

Example/s:
Local decision makers identified a series of indicators for measuring
health progress, such as immunization rates and prenatal visits.

-------
The best way to look at examples is to run the Access_MD module (use one
of the South African data files, e.g. DHIS_#EC.mdb) go to database
maintenance and look at Data Elements/Ranges and open Add/edit/Remove data
elements. Indicators are defined in Database
Maintenance->Indicators->Define or revise Indicators.

An example from the DHIS_#EC.mdb file (and most others) is the indicator
'still birth rate' (The percentage of babies who are still born.) As all
indicators it is on the form numerator/denominator and it is calculated
from the data elements "still birth" and "live birth", (still birth rate =
still birth/(live birth+still birth). If you look at data elements you
will find both "still birth" and "live birth" there, both are "raw"
(non-calculated) data that are entered into the system in the "Routine
Health Data Entry/Edit form".

Further information is available in the DHIS installation folder in the
folder named Training Materials and Manuals. Especially the presentations
in the
"HISP - DHIS Foundation Course" folder give a good introduction to these
topics.

Best regards,
Ola Hodne Titlestad,
University of Oslo,
Dhis2 development team