I have nearly the same problem with Veracrypt in multi-boot configuration: I have Windows 10-Debian-Ubuntu system with GRUB. With shim 16.1 (16.1-2~deb13u1), Veracrypt hangs at "Start 0 len ...", when Secure Boot is ON. If Secure Boot is OFF, everything is OK. I solved the problem by downgrading shim to 15.8-1 (from Debian 11 package). So, there is incompatibility between new shim 16.1 and VeraCrypt bootloader.