Maybe looking at the code from KDE's config tool will tell how they achieve it for all buttons? Anyway, I'm glad I at least now have a workaround for this issue.
Thanks a lot, you exactly solved the problem I have been dealing with for a while :-) With your hint I created a file iconlessbuttons.qss which contains as a single line your above code and put it in ~/.config/qt5ct/qss/. It is thus listed in the qt5ct control panel's Style Sheets pane where I enabled it. As far as I could check so far, it does have the effect I expected and had been looking for. So yes, looks like this solves my problem. So far I did not come across any negative side effects. Still,...
Thanks for your swift reply. My settings are exactly as in your screenshot (both options unticked). What do you mean by "standard dialog only"? Is there a way to disable icons in "non-standard" dialogue buttons? There is in KDE, so that mechanism is provided by QT5. How can I configure it when using XFCE (for QT5 applications)? Is there some settings file I can manipulate provided it is an extra option which qt5ct does not provide a GUI config option for? By the way, I noticed that the same issue...
disabling icons in menus and on buttons?