I just ran into what appears to be the same exact problem. I created a full disk image of a drive containing a Debian 13 installation using Clonezilla. I immediately wiped the drive to test using Clonezilla to restore. The restored drive was missing the /dev directory and would not boot. I got the same kernel panic failure after init-bottom failed trying to mount /dev on /root/dev because the directory /root/dev did not exist. Apparently the directory wasn't restored. I did the same thing the OP...