Alternatives to PHP
Compare PHP alternatives for your business or organization using the curated list below. SourceForge ranks the best alternatives to PHP in 2024. Compare features, ratings, user reviews, pricing, and more from PHP competitors and alternatives in order to make an informed decision for your business.
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1
CakePHP
CakePHP
The migration guide has a complete list of what's new in 4.3.0. We recommend you give that page a read when upgrading. While CakePHP 4 contains a number of breaking changes we have prepared an exhaustive migration guide covering all the deprecated and removed features as well as highlighting the shiny new features. CakeDC, the commercial entity behind the CakePHP framework, was established by Larry Masters, the founder of CakePHP. CakeDC offers CakePHP development, consultancy, CakePHP training and code review Services. From startups and social networks to e-commerce and enterprise-level applications, CakeDC provides the highest quality CakePHP development available. The things you need are built-in. Translations, database access, caching, validation, authentication, and much more are all built into one of the original PHP MVC frameworks.Starting Price: Free -
2
JavaScript
JavaScript
JavaScript is a scripting language and programming language for the web that enables developers to build dynamic elements on the web. Over 97% of the websites in the world use client-side JavaScript. JavaScript is one of the most important scripting languages on the web. Strings in JavaScript are contained within a pair of either single quotation marks '' or double quotation marks "". Both quotes represent Strings but be sure to choose one and STICK WITH IT. If you start with a single quote, you need to end with a single quote. There are pros and cons to using both IE single quotes tend to make it easier to write HTML within Javascript as you don’t have to escape the line with a double quote. Let’s say you’re trying to use quotation marks inside a string. You’ll need to use opposite quotation marks inside and outside of JavaScript single or double quotes. -
3
Laravel
Laravel
Laravel is a web application framework with expressive, elegant syntax. We’ve already laid the foundation — freeing you to create without sweating the small things. We love clean code just as much as you do. Simple, elegant syntax puts amazing functionality at your fingertips. Every feature has been thoughtfully considered to provide a wonderful developer experience. Dispatch background jobs to perform slow tasks like sending emails and generating reports while maintaining blazing fast response times. Stop sweating authentication. Laravel provides scaffolding for secure, session-based authentication, while Laravel Sanctum provides painless authentication for APIs and mobile applications. Laravel is committed to delivering the best testing experience you can imagine. No more brittle tests that are a nightmare to maintain. Beautiful testing APIs, database seeding, and painless browser testing let you ship with confidence.Starting Price: Free -
4
Python
Python
The core of extensible programming is defining functions. Python allows mandatory and optional arguments, keyword arguments, and even arbitrary argument lists. Whether you're new to programming or an experienced developer, it's easy to learn and use Python. Python can be easy to pick up whether you're a first-time programmer or you're experienced with other languages. The following pages are a useful first step to get on your way to writing programs with Python! The community hosts conferences and meetups to collaborate on code, and much more. Python's documentation will help you along the way, and the mailing lists will keep you in touch. The Python Package Index (PyPI) hosts thousands of third-party modules for Python. Both Python's standard library and the community-contributed modules allow for endless possibilities.Starting Price: Free -
5
WebBo
Webbo
WebBo is a reliable and convenient binary options trading platform for investors interested in the BTC/USDT trading pair. With a simple and user-friendly interface, this platform provides users with a smooth and fast trading experience, offering opportunities to profit from the volatility of the cryptocurrency market. One of the notable features of WebBo is its support for binary options trading for the BTC/USDT pair. Binary options trading is a quick and straightforward form of financial investment, where users only need to predict whether the price of a specific asset (in this case, BTC) will rise or fall within a certain timeframe. This allows traders to easily earn profits from the market's fluctuations without directly buying or selling digital currencies. Another significant advantage of WebBo is its flexibility in choosing the trading timeframe. Users can select trading durations ranging from a few minutes to a few hours, depending on their strategies and investment goals.Starting Price: $0 -
6
myway SQL Manager
myway SQL Manager
The myway SQL Manager is a powerful program for MySQL and MariaDB database administration and programming. Download and using the program is free. Operation on the Intranet or Internet. Web based. Built in PHP and Javascript, fully Ajax controlled. All modules speed-optimized. 132 languages. Tab controlled. Work on multiple tables or other database elements at the same time. Backup copies in case of changes or deletions of views and routines. User management with program rights. Configuration options for program settings and layout for users. Own server connections with individual editing rights for users. Unlimited number of server connections to MySQL or MariaDB databases. Extensive information and editing options on connected servers. Editing tables, sequences, views, procedures, functions, trigger, events. Backup and Recovery. Data import and export. Powerful SQL editor, syntax highlighting, search and replace. Search function for database elements. Helplinks.Starting Price: $0 -
7
HTML
HTML
HTML, short for HyperText Markup Language, is the markup language that is used by every website on the internet. HTML is code that websites use to build and structure every part of their website and web pages. HTML5 is a markup language used for structuring and presenting content on the World Wide Web. It is the fifth and final major HTML version that is a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation. The current specification is known as the HTML Living Standard. It is maintained by the Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), a consortium of the major browser vendors (Apple, Google, Mozilla, and Microsoft). HTML5 includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves, and rationalizes the markup available for documents and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications. For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a candidate for cross-platform mobile applications. -
8
Kaboom
Kaboom
Kaboom is a Javascript game programming library that helps you make games fast and fun. Game Object is the basic unit of entity in a kaboom world. Everything is a game object, the player, a butterfly, a tree, or even a piece of text. -
9
Go
Golang
With a strong ecosystem of tools and APIs on major cloud providers, it is easier than ever to build services with Go. With popular open source packages and a robust standard library, use Go to create fast and elegant CLIs. With enhanced memory performance and support for several IDEs, Go powers fast and scalable web applications. With fast build times, lean syntax, an automatic formatter and doc generator, Go is built to support both DevOps and SRE. Everything there is to know about Go. Get started on a new project or brush up for your existing Go code. An interactive introduction to Go in three sections. Each section concludes with a few exercises so you can practice what you've learned. The Playground allows anyone with a web browser to write Go code that we immediately compile, link, and run on our servers.Starting Price: Free -
10
QBasic
QBasic
QBasic as well as QuickBasic is an easy-to-learn programming language (and therefore ideal for beginners), based on DOS operating system, but also executable on Windows. QBasic is the slimmed-down version of QuickBasic. Compared to QuickBasic, QBasic is limited as it lacks a compiler. Therefore QBasic cannot be used to produce executables (.exe files). The source code (usual files with .bas extension) can only be executed immediately by the built-in QBasic interpreter. Furthermore, QuickBasic has a more extensive command set than QBasic. The best way to learn to program is to start with a lightweight programming language and a simple compiler. Qbasic (short: QB) has great advantages for pros and beginners that other compilers can't offer. Back then, when DOS was the most widely used operating system, QB IDE enjoyed great popularity. On current Windows systems, QBasic/QuickBASIC requires a DOS emulator, e.g. DOSBox.Starting Price: Free -
11
D
D Language Foundation
D is a general-purpose programming language with static typing, systems-level access, and C-like syntax. With the D Programming Language, write fast, read fast, and run fast. D is made possible through the hard work and dedication of many volunteers, with the coordination and outreach of the D Language Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. You can help further the development of the D language and help grow our community by supporting the Foundation. Discuss D on the forums, join the IRC channel, read our official Blog, or follow us on Twitter. Browse the wiki, where among other things you can find the high-level vision of the D Language Foundation. Refer to the language specification and the documentation of Phobos, D's standard library. The DMD manual tells you how to use the compiler. Read various articles to deepen your understanding.Starting Price: Free -
12
Kotlin
Kotlin
Easy to pick up, so you can create powerful applications immediately. Compatible with the Java ecosystem. Use your favorite JVM frameworks and libraries. Share application logic between web, mobile, and desktop platforms while keeping an experience native to users. Save time and get the benefit of unlimited access to features specific to these platforms. Kotlin has great support and many contributors in its fast-growing global community. Enjoy the benefits of a rich ecosystem with a wide range of community libraries. Help is never far away — consult extensive community resources or ask the Kotlin team directly. Kotlin Multiplatform Mobile is an SDK for iOS and Android app development. It offers all the combined benefits of creating cross-platform and native apps. Maintain a single codebase for networking, data storage, analytics, and the other logic of your Android and iOS apps.Starting Price: Free -
13
AutoHotkey
AutoHotkey
Define hotkeys for the mouse and keyboard, remap keys or buttons and autocorrect-like replacements. Creating simple hotkeys has never been easier; you can do it in just a few lines or less! AutoHotkey is a free, open-source scripting language for Windows that allows users to easily create small to complex scripts for all kinds of tasks such as form fillers, auto-clicking, macros, etc. AutoHotkey has easy-to-learn built-in commands for beginners. Experienced developers will love this full-fledged scripting language for fast prototyping and small projects. AutoHotkey gives you the freedom to automate any desktop task. It's small, fast, and runs out of the box. Best of all, it's free, open-source (GNU GPLv2), and beginner-friendly. AutoHotkey provides a simple, flexible syntax allowing you to focus more on the task at hand rather than every single little technicality. It supports not only the popular imperative-procedural paradigm, but also object-oriented and command-based programming.Starting Price: Free -
14
BASIC
BASIC
BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages designed for ease of use. Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with matrix arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language, and character string functionality being added by 1965. The emergence of BASIC took place as part of a wider movement towards time-sharing systems. Some dialects of BASIC supported matrices and matrix operations, which can be used to solve sets of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. These dialects would directly support matrix operations such as assignment, addition, multiplication (of compatible matrix types), and evaluation of a determinant. BASIC declined in popularity in the 1990s, as more powerful microcomputers came to market and programming languages with advanced features (such as Pascal and C) became tenable on such computers. -
15
CSS
CSS
CSS, short for Cascading Style Sheets, is a style sheet language used by web developers to structure the HTML and other elements of a website. CSS is one of the most widely used languages on the web. For style sheets to work, it is important that your markup be free of errors. A convenient way to automatically fix markup errors is to use the HTML Tidy utility. This also tidies the markup making it easier to read and easier to edit. I recommend you regularly run Tidy over any markup you are editing. Tidy is very effective at cleaning up markup created by authoring tools with sloppy habits. Each style property starts with the property's name, then a colon and lastly the value for this property. When there is more than one style property in the list, you need to use a semicolon between each of them to delimit one property from the next.Starting Price: Free -
16
Ada
AdaCore
Ada is a state-of-the-art programming language that development teams worldwide are using for critical software, from microkernels and small-footprint, real-time embedded systems to large-scale enterprise applications, and everything in between. Why use Ada? In short, because you want to write reliable and efficient code, with confidence that it works, and not waste time and effort in the process. Ada is unique among languages in how it helps you detect and eliminate bugs early in the software life cycle when they are least expensive to correct. And as evidenced by the many successfully fielded applications that need to meet a hard time or space constraints, Ada helps you build software that is reliable, safe, and secure without sacrificing performance. At the technical level, Ada has everything you might expect in a modern language. Concurrent programming features, including support for multicore. -
17
Small Basic
Small Basic
Small Basic is the only programming language created especially to help students transition from block-based coding to text-based coding. By teaching the fundamental elements of syntax-based languages in an approachable manner, Small Basic gives students the skills and confidence to tackle more complex programming languages such as Java and C#. You can also build applications for Kinect, Lego Mindstorm, Raspberry Pi, Arduino, Oculus Rift, and more using Small Basic. Small Basic combines a friendly environment with a very simple language and a rich and engaging set of libraries to make your programs and games pop! In a matter of a few lines of code, you will be well on your way to creating your very own game! Share your programs with your friends and let them import your published programs and run them on their computers. Using the Silverlight player, you can even post your games on your own blogs and websites and play them in the browser.Starting Price: Free -
18
AutoIt
AutoIt
AutoIt v3 is a freeware BASIC-like scripting language designed for automating the Windows GUI and general scripting. It uses a combination of simulated keystrokes, mouse movement, and window/control manipulation in order to automate tasks in a way not possible or reliable with other languages. We looked at many editors to see which one was the most useful editor for AutoIt. We found SciTE and saw its potential and wrote a customized Lexer for the syntax highlighting and syntax folding and created a special installer called SciTE4AutoIt3. AutoIt was initially designed for PC "roll out" situations to reliably automate and configure thousands of PCs. Over time it has become a powerful language that supports complex expressions, user functions, loops and everything else that veteran scripters would expect.AutoIt is also very small, self-contained and will run on all versions of Windows out-of-the-box with no annoying "runtimes" required.Starting Price: Free -
19
GAUSS
Aptech Systems
An easy-to-use data analysis and visualization environment based on the powerful, fast and efficient GAUSS Matrix Programming Language. Prototype to production: Embed custom GAUSS analytics directly in enterprise or web-applications. Customizable programs that extend the GAUSS platform in the fields of econometrics, finance, risk analysis, statistics and more. You can code ideas and techniques straight from the latest journals in GAUSS as quickly as you can with a pen and paper. The GAUSS matrix language is the most natural way to bring cutting edge math, statistics and machine learning to life. GAUSS is the product of more than three decades of innovation and refinement of efficient, native code. This combined with our optimizing compiler and modern threading capabilities, allows you to get your answers before the competition. -
20
C++/CLI
Microsoft
In Visual Studio 2022, the default target framework for .NET Core projects is 6.0. For .NET Frameworks projects, the default is 4.7.2. The .NET Framework version selector is on the configure your new project page of the create a new project dialog. C++/CLI itself isn't installed by default when you install a Visual Studio C++ workload. To install the component after Visual Studio is installed, open the Visual Studio Installer by selecting the Windows Start menu and searching for visual studio installer. Choose the modify button next to your installed version of Visual Studio. Select the Individual components tab. Scroll down to the compilers, build tools, and runtimes section, and select C++/CLI support for v143 build tools (Latest). Select modify to download the necessary files and update Visual Studio. By using C++/CLI you can create C++ programs that use .NET classes as well as native C++ types. C++/CLI is intended for use in console applications.Starting Price: Free -
21
Elm
Elm
Elm uses type inference to detect corner cases and give friendly hints. NoRedInk switched to Elm about four years ago, and 300k+ lines later, they still have not had to scramble to fix a confusing runtime exception in production. The compiler guides you safely through your changes, ensuring confidence even through the most widereaching refactorings in unfamiliar codebases. Including your own, six months later. All Elm programs are written in the same pattern, eliminating doubt and lengthy discussions when deciding how to build new projects and making it easy to navigate old or foreign codebases. Elm has its own virtual DOM implementation, designed for simplicity and speed. All values are immutable in Elm, and the benchmarks show that this helps us generate particularly fast JavaScript code.Starting Price: Free -
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WebAssembly
WebAssembly
WebAssembly (abbreviated Wasm) is a binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine. Wasm is designed as a portable compilation target for programming languages, enabling deployment on the web for client and server applications. The Wasm stack machine is designed to be encoded in a size- and load-time-efficient binary format. WebAssembly aims to execute at native speed by taking advantage of common hardware capabilities available on a wide range of platforms. WebAssembly describes a memory-safe, sandboxed execution environment that may even be implemented inside existing JavaScript virtual machines. When embedded in the web, WebAssembly will enforce the same-origin and permissions security policies of the browser. WebAssembly is designed to be pretty-printed in a textual format for debugging, testing, experimenting, optimizing, learning, teaching, and writing programs by hand. The textual format will be used when viewing the source of Wasm modules on the web.Starting Price: Free -
23
Dart
Dart Language
Mature and complete async-await for user interfaces containing event-driven code, paired with isolate-based concurrency. A programming language optimized for building user interfaces with features such as sound null safety, the spread operator for expanding collections, and collection if for customizing UI for each platform. Write code using a flexible type system with rich static analysis and powerful, configurable tooling. Target the web with complete, mature, fast compilers for JavaScript. Run backend code supporting your app, written using a single programming language. This collection is not exhaustive—it’s just a brief introduction to the language for people who like to learn by example. You might also want to check out the language and library tours, or the Dart cheatsheet codelab. -
24
Clojure
Clojure
Clojure is a robust, practical, and fast programming language with a set of useful features that together form a simple, coherent, and powerful tool. Clojure is a dynamic, general-purpose programming language, combining the approachability and interactive development of a scripting language with an efficient and robust infrastructure for multithreaded programming. Clojure is a compiled language, yet remains completely dynamic, every feature supported by Clojure is supported at runtime. Clojure provides easy access to the Java frameworks, with optional type hints and type inference, to ensure that calls to Java can avoid reflection. Clojure is a dialect of Lisp, and shares with Lisp the code-as-data philosophy and a powerful macro system. Clojure is predominantly a functional programming language and features a rich set of immutable, persistent data structures. When a mutable state is needed, Clojure offers a software transactional memory system and reactive Agent system.Starting Price: Free -
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ZenScript
CraftTweaker
ZenScript originated from MineTweaker where a simple programming language is needed to allow users without programming knowledge to be able to execute simple commands by following the tutorials for it. Originally MineTweaker had a simple one-line-at-a-time parsed scripting system, but it quickly became clear that it wasn't flexible enough, so a simple parsed language was created. This parsed language worked quite well but was very inefficient as each value was wrapped into its own object. ZenScript allows mixed typed and typeless behavior. You don't need to define types anywhere, the compile will infer them where possible and exhibit typeless behavior when the type is effectively unknown. In nearly all the cases, the type is perfectly known and execution runs at native Java speed. Since there are types, they can be documented and enforced.Starting Price: Free -
26
Haskell
Haskell
Every expression in Haskell has a type that is determined at compile time. All the types composed together by function application have to match up. If they don't, the program will be rejected by the compiler. Types become not only a form of guarantee, but a language for expressing the construction of programs. Every function in Haskell is a function in the mathematical sense (i.e., "pure"). Even side-effecting IO operations are but a description of what to do, produced by pure code. There are no statements or instructions, only expressions that cannot mutate variables (local or global) nor access state like time or random numbers. You don't have to explicitly write out every type in a Haskell program. Types will be inferred by unifying every type bidirectionally. However, you can write out types if you choose, or ask the compiler to write them for you for handy documentation.Starting Price: Free -
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PowerShell
Microsoft
PowerShell is a cross-platform task automation and configuration management framework, consisting of a command-line shell and scripting language. Unlike most shells, which accept and return text, PowerShell is built on top of the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR), and accepts and returns .NET objects. This fundamental change brings entirely new tools and methods for automation. Unlike traditional command-line interfaces, PowerShell cmdlets are designed to deal with objects. An object is structured information that is more than just the string of characters appearing on the screen. Command output always carries extra information that you can use if you need it. If you've used text-processing tools to process data in the past, you'll find that they behave differently when used in PowerShell. In most cases, you don't need text-processing tools to extract specific information. You directly access portions of the data using standard PowerShell object syntax. -
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Emojicode
Emojicode
Emojicode is an open-source, full-blown programming language, consisting of emojis. As a multi-paradigm language, Emojicode features object orientation, optionals, generics, closures, and protocols. Emojicode compiles native machine code using lots of optimizations that make your code fast. Emojicode comes with a comprehensive set of default packages. And you can easily write your own. We believe that Emojis have expressive force. Let’s use that to make programming more fun and accessible. Emojicode is a straightforward language to learn, whatever background you have. Our documentation is known to be excellent and stuffed with walk-through guides and examples. You can help Emojicode grow! Development takes place on GitHub and you’re invited to drop in. Before you install Emojicode make sure you have a C++ compiler and linker installed. clang++ or g++ is fine, for instance. The Emojicode compiler can only link binaries if such a compiler is available.Starting Price: Free -
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NoSQL
NoSQL
NoSQL is a domain-specific programming language used for accessing, managing, and manipulating non-tabular databases. A NoSQL (originally referring to "non-SQL" or "non-relational") database provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases. Such databases have existed since the late 1960s, but the name "NoSQL" was only coined in the early 21st century, triggered by the needs of Web 2.0 companies. NoSQL databases are increasingly used in big data and real-time web applications.NoSQL systems are also sometimes called Not only SQL to emphasize that they may support SQL-like query languages or sit alongside SQL databases in polyglot-persistent architectures. Many NoSQL stores compromise consistency (in the sense of the CAP theorem) in favor of availability, partition tolerance, and speed. Barriers to the greater adoption of NoSQL stores include the use of low-level query languages. -
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Ruby
Ruby Language
Wondering why Ruby is so popular? Its fans call it a beautiful, artful language. And yet, they say it’s handy and practical. Since its public release in 1995, Ruby has drawn devoted coders worldwide. In 2006, Ruby achieved mass acceptance. With active user groups formed in the world’s major cities and Ruby-related conferences filled to capacity. Ruby-Talk, the primary mailing list for discussion of the Ruby language, climbed to an average of 200 messages per day in 2006. It has dropped in recent years as the size of the community pushed discussion from one central list into many smaller groups. Ruby is ranked among the top 10 on most of the indices that measure the growth and popularity of programming languages worldwide (such as the TIOBE index). Much of the growth is attributed to the popularity of software written in Ruby, particularly the Ruby on Rails web framework.Starting Price: Free -
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LaTeX
LaTeX
LaTeX, which is pronounced «Lah-tech» or «Lay-tech» (to rhyme with «blech» or «Bertolt Brecht»), is a document preparation system for high-quality typesetting. It is most often used for medium-to-large technical or scientific documents but it can be used for almost any form of publishing. LaTeX is not a word processor! Instead, LaTeX encourages authors not to worry too much about the appearance of their documents but to concentrate on getting the right content. To produce this in most typesetting or word-processing systems, the author would have to decide what layout to use, so would select (say) 18pt Times Roman for the title, 12pt Times Italic for the name, and so on. This has two results: authors wasting their time with designs; and a lot of badly designed documents! LaTeX is based on the idea that it is better to leave document design to document designers, and to let authors get on with writing documents.Starting Price: Free -
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Assembly
Assembly
Assembly language is a low-level computer programming language that is used to directly control the hardware of a computer system. It consists of symbols and words that represent specific instructions to the processor. Assembly language is often used to optimize programs written in higher-level languages, as it can provide a more efficient way to access memory and other resources. -
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C#
Microsoft
C# (also known as C Sharp, pronounced "See Sharp") is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C# enables developers to build many types of secure and robust applications that run in .NET. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers. This tour provides an overview of the major components of the language in C# 8 and earlier. C# is an object-oriented, component-oriented programming language. C# provides language constructs to directly support these concepts, making C# a natural language in which to create and use software components. Since its origin, C# has added features to support new workloads and emerging software design practices. At its core, C# is an object-oriented language. You define types and their behavior.Starting Price: Free -
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OCaml
OCaml
OCaml is a general-purpose, industrial-strength programming language with an emphasis on expressiveness and safety. OCaml’s powerful type system means more bugs are caught at compile time, and large, complex codebases are easier to maintain. This makes it a good language for running critical code. At the same time, sophisticated inference makes the type system unobtrusive, creating a smooth developer experience. One is a bytecode compiler which generates small, portable executables and is very fast. The other is a native code compiler that produces more efficient machine code; its performance matches the highest standards of modern compilers. OCaml has great support for the most popular editors. VS Code is recommended for beginners, and for power users there is deep integration with Vim and Emacs. OCaml has a rich and dynamic community and best-in-class tooling.Starting Price: Free -
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Prolog
Prolog
Prolog is a logic programming language associated with artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language, the program logic is expressed in terms of relations, represented as facts and rules. A computation is initiated by running a query over these relations. Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems, and automated planning, as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing. Modern Prolog environments support the creation of graphical user interfaces, as well as administrative and networked applications. -
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Apache Groovy
The Apache Software Foundation
Apache Groovy is a powerful, optionally typed and dynamic language, with static-typing and static compilation capabilities, for the Java platform aimed at improving developer productivity thanks to a concise, familiar and easy to learn syntax. It integrates smoothly with any Java program, and immediately delivers to your application powerful features, including scripting capabilities, Domain-Specific Language authoring, runtime and compile-time meta-programming and functional programming. Concise, readable and expressive syntax, easy to learn for Java developers. Closures, builders, runtime & compile-time meta-programming, functional programming, type inference, and static compilation. Flexible & malleable syntax, advanced integration & customization mechanisms, to integrate readable business rules in your applications. Great for writing concise and maintainable tests, and for all your build and automation tasks.Starting Price: Free -
37
Swift
Apple
Writing Swift code is interactive and fun, the syntax is concise yet expressive, and Swift includes modern features developers love. Swift code is safe by design and produces software that runs lightning-fast. Swift is the result of the latest research on programming languages, combined with decades of experience building Apple platforms. Named parameters are expressed in a clean syntax that makes APIs in Swift even easier to read and maintain. Even better, you don’t even need to type semi-colons. Inferred types make code cleaner and less prone to mistakes, while modules eliminate headers and provide namespaces. To best support international languages and emoji, Strings are Unicode-correct and use a UTF-8 based encoding to optimize performance for a wide-variety of use cases. You can even write concurrent code with simple, built-in keywords that define asynchronous behavior, making your code more readable and less error-prone.Starting Price: Free -
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GameMaker Language (GML)
YoYo Games
The GameMaker Language (also called simply GML) is the proprietary GameMaker scripting language. This language is structured to permit users to create their games in an intuitive and flexible way while offering all the power of any other major programming language. It is also the basis for GML Visual and can be used in conjunction with that if required. Each event has its own tab in the editor and you can add, edit, or remove code from them at any time (for more information on events see Object Events). The code itself must have a basic structure and can contain resource indices, variables, functions, expressions, keywords, etc. all of which are explained in the sections below. If you are a novice to programming or making the switch from GML Visual, it is recommended that you start with the page on basic code structure and then read through all the other pages in this section, testing code from each one within GameMaker itself.Starting Price: Free -
39
XML
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). Originally designed to meet the challenges of large-scale electronic publishing, XML is also playing an increasingly important role in the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere. This page describes the work being done at W3C within the XML Activity, and how it is structured. Work at W3C takes place in Working Groups. The Working Groups within the XML Activity are listed below, together with links to their individual web pages. You can find and download formal technical specifications here, because we publish them. This is not a place to find tutorials, products, courses, books or other XML-related information. There are some links below that may help you find such resources. You will find links to W3C Recommendations, Proposed Recommendations, Working Drafts, conformance test suites and other documents on the pages for each Working Group.Starting Price: Free -
40
Common Lisp
Common Lisp
Common Lisp is the modern, multi-paradigm, high-performance, compiled, ANSI-standardized, most prominent (along with Scheme) descendant of the long-running family of Lisp programming languages. Common Lisp is known for being extremely flexible, having excellent support for object oriented programming, and fast prototyping capabilities. It also sports an extremely powerful macro system that allows you to tailor the language to your application, and a flexible run-time environment that allows modification and debugging of running applications (excellent for server-side development and long-running critical software). It is a multi-paradigm programming language that allows you to choose the approach and paradigm according to your application domain.Starting Price: Free -
41
Wolfram Language
Wolfram Language
We comply with providing the computational paradigm. The Wolfram Language provides access to computing power at a significantly higher level than ever before, leveraging built-in computational intelligence based on a wide variety of algorithms and real-world knowledge, carefully integrated over three decades. The Wolfram Language is scalable for programs both small and large, with out-of-the-box deployment both on-premises and in the cloud. In addition, the Wolfram Language builds on clear principles and an elegant unified symbolic framework to create what is now emerging as the world's most productive programming language, and the first true computational communication language for humans and AI.Starting Price: Free -
42
Carbon Language
Google
Carbon Language: An experimental successor to C++. Performance matching C++ using LLVM, with low-level access to bits and addresses. Interoperate with your existing C++ code, from inheritance to templates. Fast and scalable builds that work with your existing C++ build systems. Solid language foundations that are easy to learn, especially if you have used C++. Easy, tool-based upgrades between Carbon versions. Safer fundamentals, and an incremental path towards a memory-safe subset. Carbon is fundamentally a successor language approach, rather than an attempt to incrementally evolve C++. It is designed around interoperability with C++ as well as large-scale adoption and migration for existing C++ codebases and developers.Starting Price: Free -
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MoonScript
MoonScript
MoonScript is a dynamic scripting language that compiles into Lua. It gives you the power of one of the fastest scripting languages combined with a rich set of features. MoonScript can either be compiled into Lua and run at a later time, or it can be dynamically compiled and run using the moonloader. Because it compiles right into Lua code, it is completely compatible with alternative Lua implementations like LuaJIT, and it is also compatible with all existing Lua code and libraries. The command line tools also let you run MoonScript directly from the command line, like any first-class scripting language. MoonScript provides a clean syntax using significant whitespace that avoids all the keyword noise typically seen in a Lua script. It also adds table comprehensions, implicit return on functions, classes, inheritance, scope management statements import & export, and a convenient object creation statement called with. -
44
Tcl
Tcl
Tcl is a very simple programming language. If you have programmed before, you can learn enough to write interesting Tcl programs within a few hours. This page provides a quick overview of the main features of Tcl. After reading this you'll probably be able to start writing simple Tcl scripts on your own; however, we recommend that you consult one of the many available Tcl books for more complete information. Each Tcl command consists of one or more words separated by spaces. In this example there are four words: expr, 20, +, and 10. The first word is the name of a command and the other words are arguments to that command. All Tcl commands consist of words, but different commands treat their arguments differently. The expr command treats all of its arguments together as an arithmetic expression, computes the result of that expression, and returns the result as a string. In the expr command the division into words isn't significant.Starting Price: Free -
45
Markdown
Markdown
Markdown allows you to write using an easy-to-read, easy-to-write plain text format, then convert it to structurally valid XHTML (or HTML). Thus, “Markdown” is two things: (1) a plain text formatting syntax; and (2) a software tool, written in Perl, that converts the plain text formatting to HTML. See the Syntax page for details pertaining to Markdown’s formatting syntax. You can try it out, right now, using the online Dingus. The overriding design goal for Markdown’s formatting syntax is to make it as readable as possible. The idea is that a Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it’s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown’s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters, the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown’s syntax is the format of plain text email.Starting Price: Free -
46
XAML
Microsoft
XAML is a declarative markup language. As applied to the .NET Core programming model, XAML simplifies creating a UI for a .NET Core app. You can create visible UI elements in the declarative XAML markup, and then separate the UI definition from the run-time logic by using code-behind files that are joined to the markup through partial class definitions. XAML directly represents the instantiation of objects in a specific set of backing types defined in assemblies. This is unlike most other markup languages, which are typically an interpreted language without such a direct tie to a backing type system. XAML enables a workflow where separate parties can work on the UI and the logic of an app, using potentially different tools. When represented as text, XAML files are XML files that generally have the .xaml extension. The files can be encoded by any XML encoding, but encoding as UTF-8 is typical.Starting Price: Free -
47
Rust
Rust
Rust is blazingly fast and memory-efficient: with no runtime or garbage collector, it can power performance-critical services, run on embedded devices, and easily integrate with other languages. Rust’s rich type system and ownership model guarantee memory-safety and thread-safety — enabling you to eliminate many classes of bugs at compile-time. Rust has great documentation, a friendly compiler with useful error messages, and top-notch tooling — an integrated package manager and build tool, smart multi-editor support with auto-completion and type inspections, an auto-formatter, and more. Whip up a CLI tool quickly with Rust’s robust ecosystem. Rust helps you maintain your app with confidence and distribute it with ease. Use Rust to supercharge your JavaScript, one module at a time. Publish to npm, bundle with webpack, and you’re off to the races.Starting Price: Free -
48
Less
Less
Less (which stands for Leaner Style Sheets) is a backwards-compatible language extension for CSS. This is the official documentation for Less, the language and Less.js, the JavaScript tool that converts your Less styles to CSS styles. Because Less looks just like CSS, learning it is a breeze. Less only makes a few convenient additions to the CSS language, which is one of the reasons it can be learned so quickly. Mixins are a way of including ("mixing in") a bunch of properties from one rule-set into another rule-set. Less gives you the ability to use nesting instead of, or in combination with cascading.Starting Price: Free -
49
LabVIEW
NI
LabVIEW offers a graphical programming approach that helps you visualize every aspect of your application, including hardware configuration, measurement data, and debugging. This visualization makes it simple to integrate measurement hardware from any vendor, represent complex logic on the diagram, develop data analysis algorithms, and design custom engineering user interfaces. With LabVIEW and NI DAQ hardware, you can build a custom measurement solution to visualize and analyze real-world signals to make data-driven decisions. Using LabVIEW and NI or third-party hardware, you can automate the validation of your product to meet challenging time-to-market and performance requirements. Working with LabVIEW, you can create flexible test applications that control multiple instruments and design user interfaces to optimize your manufacturing test throughput and operational cost. You can build industrial equipment and smart machines faster with LabVIEW.Starting Price: $453 per year -
50
Fortran
Fortran
Fortran has been designed from the ground up for computationally intensive applications in science and engineering. Mature and battle-tested compilers and libraries allow you to write code that runs close to the metal, fast. Fortran is statically and strongly typed, which allows the compiler to catch many programming errors early on for you. This also allows the compiler to generate efficient binary code. Fortran is a relatively small language that is surprisingly easy to learn and use. Expressing most mathematical and arithmetic operations over large arrays is as simple as writing them as equations on a whiteboard. Fortran is a natively parallel programming language with intuitive array-like syntax to communicate data between CPUs. You can run almost the same code on a single CPU, on a shared-memory multicore system, or on a distributed-memory HPC or cloud-based system.Starting Price: Free