This very simple query
let $x := <id>zebi:col2</id> return $x
gives syntax error
line 1:18 mismatched input ':' expecting ENDELM
line 1:29 no viable alternative at input 'return'
Same result on http://xsparql.deri.org/demo.
This simplified variant runs without a hitch.
let $x := <id>zebi</id> return $x
But it's a valid xquery (does not even include xsparql) as you can check at
http://www.semwebtech.org/xquery-demo/xquerydemo
Perhaps related: if the same string "zebi:col2" comes from an external file
then it is output without quotes:
dcterms:identifier zebi:col2
even in the construct I use all kinds of hints to tell it that's a string:
dcterms:identifier {string($id)}^^xsd:string;