With the rise of SMuFL, or Standard Music Font Layout, it is becoming easier to properly use music notation characters in running text via a standardized Private Use Area in Unicode.
Peter Stadler has created a browser to look for symbols supported in SMuFL: http://edirom.de/smufl-browser/index.html
This system also gives you a suggested TEI encoding for every symbol using <g/>.
I think it would be great to combine this use with <notatedmusic>, which currently does not allow <g/> in its content model.</notatedmusic>
Consider for example this image and the corresponding (partial) encoding:

<ab>
beym 9ten Takt, wo die
<notatedMusic>
<g ref="http://edirom.de/smufl-browser/accidentalWyschnegradsky6TwelfthsSharp.xml"/>
<g ref="http://edirom.de/smufl-browser/accidentalWyschnegradsky6TwelfthsSharp.xml"/>
<g ref="http://edirom.de/smufl-browser/accidentalWyschnegradsky6TwelfthsSharp.xml"/>
</notatedMusic>
sich in ...
</ab>
Diff:
+1 from me :)