Most doctree elements (nodes) accept the "ids" attribute that can be used as end-point for internal cross references.
In LaTeX, "ids" are represented as "labels". This is only implemented for a small subset of elements.
For example the internal hyperlink in
.. note::
:name: my-note
This is an admonition with ID
Link to my-note_.
does not work because there is no \label{my-note}
in the LaTeX output.
See also Sphinx issue #13609.