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blob/src Makefile.am,1.1.1.1.2.3,1.1.1.1.2.4 linux.c,1.1.2.1,1.1.2.2 main.c,1.1.1.1.2.11,1.1.1.1.2.12 memory.c,1.1.2.1,1.1.2.2 rest-ld-script,1.1.2.1,1.1.2.2 start.S,1.1.1.1.2.12,1.1.1.1.2.13 util.c,1.1.1.1.2.1,1.1.1.1.2.2
Update of /cvsroot/blob/blob/src
In directory usw-pr-cvs1:/tmp/cvs-serv25835/src
Modified Files:
Tag: blob_1_0_9_hack
Makefile.am linux.c main.c memory.c rest-ld-script start.S
util.c
Log Message:
Kernel command line support.
- linux.c handles parameter list setup and also passes the correct
memory layout to the kernel
- cleanup in main.c
- add strlen() and strcpy() functions
- move blob to 0xc0000400 instead of 0xc000000 because the parameter list
has to live at 0xc0000100
- minor cleanups
Index: Makefile.am
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/Makefile.am,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.3
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.4
diff -u -r1.1.1.1.2.3 -r1.1.1.1.2.4
--- Makefile.am 2001/07/22 22:54:26 1.1.1.1.2.3
+++ Makefile.am 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.1.1.2.4
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
command.c \
flash.c \
led.c \
+ linux.c \
main.c \
memory.c \
serial.c \
Index: linux.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/Attic/linux.c,v
retrieving revision 1.1.2.1
retrieving revision 1.1.2.2
diff -u -r1.1.2.1 -r1.1.2.2
--- linux.c 2001/07/24 13:57:47 1.1.2.1
+++ linux.c 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.2.2
@@ -1 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * linux.c: support functions for booting a kernel
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2001 Erik Mouw (J.A...@it...)
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
#ident "$Id$"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+# include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "linux.h"
+#include "main.h"
+#include "memory.h"
+#include "serial.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include <asm/setup.h>
+
+
+static void setup_start_tag(void);
+static void setup_memory_tags(void);
+static void setup_commandline_tag(char *commandline);
+static void setup_end_tag(void);
+
+
+static struct tag *params;
+
+
+void boot_linux(char *commandline)
+{
+ register u32 i;
+ void (*theKernel)(int zero, int arch) = (void (*)(int, int))KERNEL_RAM_BASE;
+
+ setup_start_tag();
+ setup_memory_tags();
+ setup_commandline_tag(commandline);
+ setup_end_tag();
+
+ /* we assume that the kernel is in place */
+ SerialOutputString("\nStarting kernel ...\n\n");
+
+ /* turn off I-cache */
+ asm ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c1, c0, 0": "=r" (i));
+ i &= ~0x1000;
+ asm ("mcr p15, 0, %0, c1, c0, 0": : "r" (i));
+
+ /* flush I-cache */
+ asm ("mcr p15, 0, %0, c7, c5, 0": : "r" (i));
+
+ theKernel(0, ARCH_NUMBER);
+
+ SerialOutputString("Hey, the kernel returned! This should not happen.\n");
+}
+
+
+static void setup_start_tag(void)
+{
+ params = (struct tag *)BOOT_PARAMS;
+
+ params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CORE;
+ params->hdr.size = tag_size(tag_core);
+
+ params->u.core.flags = 0;
+ params->u.core.pagesize = 0;
+ params->u.core.rootdev = 0;
+
+ params = tag_next(params);
+}
+
+
+static void setup_memory_tags(void)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for(i = 0; i < NUM_MEM_AREAS; i++) {
+ if(memory_map[i].used) {
+ params->hdr.tag = ATAG_MEM;
+ params->hdr.size = tag_size(tag_mem32);
+
+ params->u.mem.start = memory_map[i].start;
+ params->u.mem.size = memory_map[i].len;
+
+ params = tag_next(params);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void setup_commandline_tag(char *commandline)
+{
+ params->hdr.tag = ATAG_CMDLINE;
+ params->hdr.size = (sizeof(struct tag_header) + strlen(commandline) + 1 + 4) >> 2;
+
+ strcpy(params->u.cmdline.cmdline, commandline);
+
+ params = tag_next(params);
+}
+
+
+static void setup_end_tag(void)
+{
+ params->hdr.tag = ATAG_NONE;
+ params->hdr.size = 0;
+}
Index: main.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/main.c,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.11
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.12
diff -u -r1.1.1.1.2.11 -r1.1.1.1.2.12
--- main.c 2001/07/24 13:23:54 1.1.1.1.2.11
+++ main.c 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.1.1.2.12
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
#include "command.h"
#include "flash.h"
#include "led.h"
+#include "linux.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "memory.h"
#include "sa1100.h"
@@ -52,40 +53,14 @@
-typedef enum {
- fromFlash = 0,
- fromDownload = 1
-} blockSource;
-
-
-
-typedef struct {
- int kernelSize;
- blockSource kernelType;
-
- int ramdiskSize;
- blockSource ramdiskType;
-
- int blobSize;
- blockSource blobType;
-
- u32 blockSize;
-
- eBauds downloadSpeed;
-} blobStatus;
-
-
-
-
-void BootKernel(char *commandline);
-void Download(char *commandline, blobStatus *status);
-void Flash(char *commandline, blobStatus *status);
+void Download(char *commandline);
+void Flash(char *commandline);
void PrintHelp(void);
-void SetDownloadSpeed(char *commandline, blobStatus *status);
-void PrintStatus(blobStatus *status);
+void SetDownloadSpeed(char *commandline);
+void PrintStatus(void);
void ResetTerminal(void);
-void Reload(char *commandline, blobStatus *status);
+void Reload(char *commandline);
void PrintSerialSpeed(eBauds speed);
void Reboot(void);
void Reblob(void);
@@ -93,12 +68,16 @@
+blob_status_t blob_status;
+
+
+
+
int main(void)
{
u32 blockSize = 0x00800000;
int numRead = 0;
char commandline[128];
- blobStatus status;
int i;
int retval = 0;
@@ -125,25 +104,25 @@
SerialOutputString("This is free software, and you are welcome "
"to redistribute it\n");
SerialOutputString("under certain conditions; "
- "read the GNU GPL for details.\n\n");
+ "read the GNU GPL for details.\n");
/* get the amount of memory */
get_memory_map();
/* initialise status */
- status.kernelSize = 0;
- status.kernelType = fromFlash;
- status.ramdiskSize = 0;
- status.ramdiskType = fromFlash;
- status.blockSize = blockSize;
- status.downloadSpeed = baud115k2;
+ blob_status.kernelSize = 0;
+ blob_status.kernelType = fromFlash;
+ blob_status.ramdiskSize = 0;
+ blob_status.ramdiskType = fromFlash;
+ blob_status.blockSize = blockSize;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud115k2;
/* Load kernel and ramdisk from flash to RAM */
- Reload("blob", &status);
- Reload("kernel", &status);
- Reload("ramdisk", &status);
+ Reload("blob");
+ Reload("kernel");
+ Reload("ramdisk");
#ifdef BLOB_DEBUG
/* print some information */
@@ -171,7 +150,7 @@
/* no key was pressed, so proceed booting the kernel */
if(retval == 0) {
commandline[0] = '\0';
- BootKernel(commandline);
+ boot_linux(commandline);
}
SerialOutputString("\nAutoboot aborted\n");
@@ -186,13 +165,13 @@
if(numRead > 0) {
if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "boot", 4) == 0) {
- BootKernel(commandline + 4);
+ boot_linux(commandline + 4);
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "clock", 5) == 0) {
SetClock(commandline + 5);
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "download ", 9) == 0) {
- Download(commandline + 9, &status);
+ Download(commandline + 9);
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "flash ", 6) == 0) {
- Flash(commandline + 6, &status);
+ Flash(commandline + 6);
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "help", 4) == 0) {
PrintHelp();
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "reblob", 6) == 0) {
@@ -200,14 +179,14 @@
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "reboot", 6) == 0) {
Reboot();
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "reload ", 7) == 0) {
- Reload(commandline + 7, &status);
+ Reload(commandline + 7);
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "reset", 5) == 0) {
ResetTerminal();
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "speed ", 6) == 0) {
- SetDownloadSpeed(commandline + 6, &status);
+ SetDownloadSpeed(commandline + 6);
}
else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "status", 6) == 0) {
- PrintStatus(&status);
+ PrintStatus();
} else {
SerialOutputString("*** Unknown command: ");
SerialOutputString(commandline);
@@ -217,62 +196,12 @@
}
return 0;
-} /* c_main */
-
-
-
-
-void BootKernel(char *commandline)
-{
- register u32 i;
- void (*theKernel)(int zero, int arch) = (void (*)(int, int))KERNEL_RAM_BASE;
-
-#warning "FIXME: should set kernel commandline parameters -- Erik"
-
-#ifdef BLOB_DEBUG
- SerialOutputString("\n*** Ignoring kernel parameters\n");
-#endif
-
- /* we assume that the kernel is in place */
- /* See linux/include/asm-arm/system.h for architecture numbers */
- SerialOutputString("\nStarting kernel ...\n\n");
-
- /* turn off I-cache */
- asm ("mrc p15, 0, %0, c1, c0, 0": "=r" (i));
- i &= ~0x1000;
- asm ("mcr p15, 0, %0, c1, c0, 0": : "r" (i));
-
- /* flush I-cache */
- asm ("mcr p15, 0, %0, c7, c5, 0": : "r" (i));
-
-#if defined ASSABET
- theKernel(0, 25);
-#elif defined BRUTUS
- theKernel(0, 16);
-#elif defined CLART
- theKernel(0, 68);
-#elif defined LART
- theKernel(0, 27);
-#elif defined NESA
- theKernel(0, 75);
-#elif defined PLEB
- theKernel(0, 20);
-#elif defined SHANNON
- theKernel(0, 97);
-#else
- /* Be generic and just tell the kernel that we are an SA1100
- architecture */
-#warning "Calling the kernel with a generic SA1100 architecture code. YMMV!"
- theKernel(0,18);
-#endif
-
- SerialOutputString("Hey, the kernel returned! This should not happen.\n");
-}
+} /* main */
-void Download(char *commandline, blobStatus *status)
+void Download(char *commandline)
{
u32 startAddress = 0;
int bufLen;
@@ -281,21 +210,21 @@
if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "blob", 4) == 0) {
/* download blob */
startAddress = BLOB_RAM_BASE;
- bufLen = status->blockSize - BLOB_BLOCK_OFFSET;
- numRead = &status->blobSize;
- status->blobType = fromDownload;
+ bufLen = blob_status.blockSize - BLOB_BLOCK_OFFSET;
+ numRead = &blob_status.blobSize;
+ blob_status.blobType = fromDownload;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "kernel", 6) == 0) {
/* download kernel */
startAddress = KERNEL_RAM_BASE;
- bufLen = status->blockSize - KERNEL_BLOCK_OFFSET;
- numRead = &status->kernelSize;
- status->kernelType = fromDownload;
+ bufLen = blob_status.blockSize - KERNEL_BLOCK_OFFSET;
+ numRead = &blob_status.kernelSize;
+ blob_status.kernelType = fromDownload;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "ramdisk", 7) == 0) {
/* download ramdisk */
startAddress = RAMDISK_RAM_BASE;
- bufLen = status->blockSize - RAMDISK_BLOCK_OFFSET;
- numRead = &status->ramdiskSize;
- status->ramdiskType = fromDownload;
+ bufLen = blob_status.blockSize - RAMDISK_BLOCK_OFFSET;
+ numRead = &blob_status.ramdiskSize;
+ blob_status.ramdiskType = fromDownload;
} else {
SerialOutputString("*** Don't know how to download \"");
SerialOutputString(commandline);
@@ -305,13 +234,13 @@
SerialOutputString("Switching to ");
- PrintSerialSpeed(status->downloadSpeed);
+ PrintSerialSpeed(blob_status.downloadSpeed);
SerialOutputString(" baud\n");
SerialOutputString("You have 60 seconds to switch your terminal emulator to the same speed and\n");
SerialOutputString("start downloading. After that " PACKAGE " will switch back to 9600 baud.\n");
- SerialInit(status->downloadSpeed);
+ SerialInit(blob_status.downloadSpeed);
*numRead = UUDecode((char *)startAddress, bufLen);
@@ -322,7 +251,7 @@
SerialOutputString("*** Uudecode receive failed\n");
/* reload the correct memory */
- Reload(commandline, status);
+ Reload(commandline);
SerialInit(baud9k6);
return;
@@ -340,7 +269,7 @@
-void Flash(char *commandline, blobStatus *status)
+void Flash(char *commandline)
{
u32 startAddress = 0;
tBlockType block;
@@ -349,9 +278,9 @@
if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "blob", 4) == 0) {
startAddress = BLOB_RAM_BASE;
block = blBlob;
- numBytes = status->blobSize;
+ numBytes = blob_status.blobSize;
- if(status->blobType == fromFlash) {
+ if(blob_status.blobType == fromFlash) {
SerialOutputString("*** No blob downloaded\n");
return;
}
@@ -360,9 +289,9 @@
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "kernel", 6) == 0) {
startAddress = KERNEL_RAM_BASE;
block = blKernel;
- numBytes = status->kernelSize;
+ numBytes = blob_status.kernelSize;
- if(status->kernelType == fromFlash) {
+ if(blob_status.kernelType == fromFlash) {
SerialOutputString("*** No kernel downloaded\n");
return;
}
@@ -371,9 +300,9 @@
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "ramdisk", 7) == 0) {
startAddress = RAMDISK_RAM_BASE;
block = blRamdisk;
- numBytes = status->ramdiskSize;
+ numBytes = blob_status.ramdiskSize;
- if(status->ramdiskType == fromFlash) {
+ if(blob_status.ramdiskType == fromFlash) {
SerialOutputString("*** No ramdisk downloaded\n");
return;
}
@@ -417,32 +346,32 @@
-void SetDownloadSpeed(char *commandline, blobStatus *status)
+void SetDownloadSpeed(char *commandline)
{
if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "1200", 4) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud1k2;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud1k2;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "1k2", 3) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud1k2;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud1k2;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "9600", 4) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud9k6;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud9k6;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "9k6", 3) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud9k6;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud9k6;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "19200", 5) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud19k2;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud19k2;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "19k2", 4) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud19k2;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud19k2;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "38400", 5) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud38k4;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud38k4;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "38k4", 4) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud38k4;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud38k4;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "57600", 5) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud57k6;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud57k6;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "57k6", 4) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud57k6;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud57k6;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "115200", 6) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud115k2;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud115k2;
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "115k2", 5) == 0) {
- status->downloadSpeed = baud115k2;
+ blob_status.downloadSpeed = baud115k2;
} else {
SerialOutputString("*** Invalid download speed value \"");
SerialOutputString(commandline);
@@ -452,14 +381,14 @@
}
SerialOutputString("Download speed set to ");
- PrintSerialSpeed(status->downloadSpeed);
+ PrintSerialSpeed(blob_status.downloadSpeed);
SerialOutputString(" baud\n");
}
-void PrintStatus(blobStatus *status)
+void PrintStatus(void)
{
SerialOutputString("Bootloader : " PACKAGE "\n");
SerialOutputString("Version : " VERSION "\n");
@@ -471,36 +400,36 @@
SerialOutputString("external");
SerialOutputString(" flash\nBlocksize : 0x");
- SerialOutputHex(status->blockSize);
+ SerialOutputHex(blob_status.blockSize);
SerialOutputString("\nDownload speed: ");
- PrintSerialSpeed(status->downloadSpeed);
+ PrintSerialSpeed(blob_status.downloadSpeed);
SerialOutputString(" baud\n");
SerialOutputString("Blob : ");
- if(status->blobType == fromFlash) {
+ if(blob_status.blobType == fromFlash) {
SerialOutputString("from flash\n");
} else {
SerialOutputString("downloaded, ");
- SerialOutputDec(status->blobSize);
+ SerialOutputDec(blob_status.blobSize);
SerialOutputString(" bytes\n");
}
SerialOutputString("Kernel : ");
- if(status->kernelType == fromFlash) {
+ if(blob_status.kernelType == fromFlash) {
SerialOutputString("from flash\n");
} else {
SerialOutputString("downloaded, ");
- SerialOutputDec(status->kernelSize);
+ SerialOutputDec(blob_status.kernelSize);
SerialOutputString(" bytes\n");
}
SerialOutputString("Ramdisk : ");
- if(status->ramdiskType == fromFlash) {
+ if(blob_status.ramdiskType == fromFlash) {
SerialOutputString("from flash\n");
} else {
SerialOutputString("downloaded, ");
- SerialOutputDec(status->ramdiskSize);
+ SerialOutputDec(blob_status.ramdiskSize);
SerialOutputString(" bytes\n");
}
}
@@ -523,7 +452,7 @@
-void Reload(char *commandline, blobStatus *status)
+void Reload(char *commandline)
{
u32 *src = 0;
u32 *dst = 0;
@@ -533,22 +462,22 @@
src = (u32 *)BLOB_RAM_BASE;
dst = (u32 *)BLOB_START;
numWords = BLOB_LEN / 4;
- status->blobSize = 0;
- status->blobType = fromFlash;
+ blob_status.blobSize = 0;
+ blob_status.blobType = fromFlash;
SerialOutputString("Loading blob from flash ");
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "kernel", 6) == 0) {
src = (u32 *)KERNEL_RAM_BASE;
dst = (u32 *)KERNEL_START;
numWords = KERNEL_LEN / 4;
- status->kernelSize = 0;
- status->kernelType = fromFlash;
+ blob_status.kernelSize = 0;
+ blob_status.kernelType = fromFlash;
SerialOutputString("Loading kernel from flash ");
} else if(MyStrNCmp(commandline, "ramdisk", 7) == 0) {
src = (u32 *)RAMDISK_RAM_BASE;
dst = (u32 *)INITRD_START;
numWords = INITRD_LEN / 4;
- status->ramdiskSize = 0;
- status->ramdiskType = fromFlash;
+ blob_status.ramdiskSize = 0;
+ blob_status.ramdiskType = fromFlash;
SerialOutputString("Loading ramdisk from flash ");
} else {
SerialOutputString("*** Don't know how to reload \"");
Index: memory.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/Attic/memory.c,v
retrieving revision 1.1.2.1
retrieving revision 1.1.2.2
diff -u -r1.1.2.1 -r1.1.2.2
--- memory.c 2001/07/22 22:54:26 1.1.2.1
+++ memory.c 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.2.2
@@ -56,9 +56,6 @@
memory_map[i].used = 0;
/* first write a 0 to all memory locations */
- /* this will overwrite the first word of the second stage
- * bootloader, but that's a branch to main() anyway
- */
for(addr = MEMORY_START; addr < MEMORY_END; addr += TEST_BLOCK_SIZE)
* (u32 *)addr = 0;
@@ -108,11 +105,11 @@
if(memory_map[i].used) {
SerialOutputString(" 0x");
SerialOutputHex(memory_map[i].len);
+ SerialOutputString(" @ 0x");
+ SerialOutputHex(memory_map[i].start);
SerialOutputString(" (");
SerialOutputDec(memory_map[i].len / (1024 * 1024));
- SerialOutputString(" MB) @ 0x");
- SerialOutputHex(memory_map[i].start);
- SerialOutputByte('\n');
+ SerialOutputString(" MB)\n");
}
}
}
Index: rest-ld-script
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/Attic/rest-ld-script,v
retrieving revision 1.1.2.1
retrieving revision 1.1.2.2
diff -u -r1.1.2.1 -r1.1.2.2
--- rest-ld-script 2001/07/08 22:34:14 1.1.2.1
+++ rest-ld-script 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.2.2
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
ENTRY(_trampoline)
SECTIONS
{
- . = 0xc0000000;
+ . = 0xc0000400;
. = ALIGN(4);
.text : { *(.text) }
Index: start.S
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/start.S,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.12
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.13
diff -u -r1.1.1.1.2.12 -r1.1.1.1.2.13
--- start.S 2001/07/24 13:23:54 1.1.1.1.2.12
+++ start.S 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.1.1.2.13
@@ -175,6 +175,7 @@
add r2, r0, #(128 * 1024) /* blob is 128kB */
add r0, r0, #0x400 /* skip first 1024 bytes */
ldr r1, MEM_START
+ add r1, r1, #0x400 /* skip over here as well */
/* r0 = source address
* r1 = target address
Index: util.c
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/blob/blob/src/util.c,v
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.1
retrieving revision 1.1.1.1.2.2
diff -u -r1.1.1.1.2.1 -r1.1.1.1.2.2
--- util.c 2001/07/22 23:55:22 1.1.1.1.2.1
+++ util.c 2001/07/26 00:33:03 1.1.1.1.2.2
@@ -126,3 +126,25 @@
return(c);
}
+
+
+int strlen(const char *s)
+{
+ int i = 0;
+
+ for(;*s != '\0'; s++)
+ i++;
+
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src)
+{
+ while(*src != '\0')
+ *dest++ = *src++;
+
+ *dest = '\0';
+
+ return dest;
+}
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