A modern, cross-platform, 2D Graphics library for .NET
High performance Node.js image processing module
PHP Image Processing
Resilient Image Library - successor to DevIL
Basic Digital Image Improvement and Processing
Extract prominent colors from an image. JS port of Android's Palette
matlab 2D image processing GUI toolbox for flow visualization
Legacy C++ libraries for basic image processing
TurboSphere is an easy to learn and powerful JS based game engine.
Using EMGU to perform Principle Component Analysis (PCA)