From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-01-29 06:27:57
|
ra...@in... said: > Starting up with the 'debug' kernel switch just "hangs". The last few > lines from strace are: That's not usually a very useful thing to do. See my troubleshooting page (http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/trouble.html) for how to extract god information from the crash. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-02-03 17:09:07
|
mo...@ea... said: > Using tap0 instead eth0 results in UML becoming similiar to a host in > a LAN that is assigned an unroutable address (10.xx.xx.xx/ > 192.168.xx.xx). I don't think so. 10.x.x.x and 192.168.x.x aren't routable on the public net, but they are perfectly routable on an isolated LAN. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-02-03 17:18:03
|
ad...@do... said: > um_eth_serv tap0 100 says that /dev/tap0 has no device. I've insmod > ethertap, and ifconfig tap0, to no avail. Just checking... Does /dev/tap0 exist? Jeff |
From: Adam H. <ad...@do...> - 2001-02-03 18:14:11
|
On Sat, 3 Feb 2001, Jeff Dike wrote: > ad...@do... said: > > um_eth_serv tap0 100 says that /dev/tap0 has no device. I've insmod > > ethertap, and ifconfig tap0, to no avail. > > Just checking... > > Does /dev/tap0 exist? Yup. ----BEGIN GEEK CODE BLOCK---- Version: 3.12 GCS d- s: a-- c+++ UL++++ P+ L++++ !E W+ M o+ K- W--- !O M- !V PS-- PE++ Y+ PGP++ t* 5++ X+ tv b+ D++ G e h*! !r z? -----END GEEK CODE BLOCK----- ----BEGIN PGP INFO---- Adam Heath <do...@de...> Finger Print | KeyID 67 01 42 93 CA 37 FB 1E 63 C9 80 1D 08 CF 84 0A | DE656B05 PGP AD46 C888 F587 F8A3 A6DA 3261 8A2C 7DC2 8BD4 A489 | 8BD4A489 GPG -----END PGP INFO----- |
From: <Gil...@lo...> - 2001-05-11 18:05:06
|
Pessoal da lista uml-user, Pe=E7o mil desculpas pelo engano de ter enviado a mensagem abaixo. N=E3= o quis cometer SPAM. Achei que o link era para se cadastrar na lista, e n=E3o = o endere=E7o direto dela. Cordialmente, Gilberto Mautner = =20 Jorge Silva = =20 <Jorge.Silva@lis2.s To: Gilberto.Mautner= @locaweb.com.br =20 iemens.pt> cc: = =20 Subject: RE: [uml-us= er] (no subject) =20 05/11/01 02:52 PM = =20 = =20 = =20 Meu amigo, isto e' SPAM. Normalmente e' entendido como pe'ssima publicidade. Jorge. > -----Original Message----- > From: Gil...@lo... > [mailto:Gil...@lo...] > Sent: Friday, May 11, 2001 6:38 PM > To: use...@li... > Subject: [uml-user] (no subject) > > > Cordialmente, > > Gilberto Mautner > LocaWeb - "A Hospedagem 5 estrelas !" > > www.locaweb.com.br > (11) 3049-1166 para S=E3o Paulo > Demais regioes 0800-555-932 > > > > _______________________________________________ > User-mode-linux-user mailing list > Use...@li... > http://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/user-mode-linux-user > = |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-06-25 19:57:02
|
> Warning: unable to mount devfs, err: -2 > Warning: unable to open an initial console. > Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. How about showing us all of the console output rather than the last few lines? It looks like you configured your kernel without devfs, which is bad when you are trying to boot a devfs filesystem. I don't understand the missing init, though. Maybe that problem will magically disappear when you fix your devfs problem. Jeff |
From: Kunal T. <ktr...@an...> - 2001-06-25 20:50:25
|
Hi, I guess i didn't have proper file system. I didn't have /sbin (and hence init) in my root_fs. so i downloaded new root_fs_redhat_6.2 (before that i had big one, sorry for that). so now, ./linux udb0=root_fs_redhat_6.2 (and with or without init=/bin/bash) it hangs. Here is the output. tracing thread pid = 1405 Linux version 2.4.5-1um (root@shubhankar.timesys) (gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.0)) #2 Mon Jun 25 12:51:54 EDT 2001 On node 0 totalpages: 4096 zone(0): 0 pages. zone(1): 4096 pages. zone(2): 0 pages. Kernel command line: ubd0=root_fs_redhat_6.2 init=/bin/bash root=/dev/ubd0 Calibrating delay loop... 24.24 BogoMIPS Memory: 16100k available Dentry-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) Inode-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes) Buffer-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes) Page-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes) POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4 Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039 Initializing RT netlink socket Starting kswapd v1.8 VFS: Diskquotas version dquot_6.4.0 initialized devfs: v0.102 (20000622) Richard Gooch (rg...@at...) devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0 devfs: boot_options: 0x0 pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured block: queued sectors max/low 10565kB/3521kB, 64 slots per queue RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize loop: loaded (max 8 devices) NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0 IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024) IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driver NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0. Initializing stdio console driver Initializing software serial port version 1 VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly. Mounted devfs on /dev > > It looks like you configured your kernel without devfs, which is bad when you > are trying to boot a devfs filesystem. I also checked that, and it seems that /dev file system (EXPERIMENTAL) is built into the kernel. should i try something else ? Thanks -Kunal |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-06-25 21:16:37
|
ktr...@an... said: > I guess i didn't have proper file system. I didn't have /sbin (and > hence init) in my root_fs. Bill, could you check that out? That sounds awfully broken :-) > so now, ./linux udb0=root_fs_redhat_6.2 (and with or without init=/bin/ > bash) it hangs. This is the RH7.0 gcc problem. Either grab the latest UML patch or rebuild UML with "CC=kgcc" on the make command line. Jeff |
From: Kunal T. <ktr...@an...> - 2001-06-25 21:58:47
|
Hi, Thanks a lot, i got it run.... > > Bill, could you check that out? That sounds awfully broken :-) I guess, it was my mistake. i took root_fs_redhat_6.2_big initially , which has only lost+found and doesn't have /sbin and all that stuff.. Thanks again -Kunal |
From: William S. <wst...@po...> - 2001-06-26 00:45:54
|
On Mon, 25 Jun 2001, Jeff Dike wrote: > ktr...@an... said: > > I guess i didn't have proper file system. I didn't have /sbin (and > > hence init) in my root_fs. > > Bill, could you check that out? That sounds awfully broken :-) Damnit, I _knew_ I forgot something! *smile* > > so now, ./linux udb0=root_fs_redhat_6.2 (and with or without init=/bin/ > > bash) it hangs. > > This is the RH7.0 gcc problem. Either grab the latest UML patch or rebuild > UML with "CC=kgcc" on the make command line. Or run a test with Jeff's stock kernel, from the same download site. Cheers, - Bill --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Opinions expressed are my own, but they should be everybody's. (Courtesy of Doug Ledford <dle...@di...>) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- William Stearns (wst...@po...). Mason, Buildkernel, named2hosts, and ipfwadm2ipchains are at: http://www.pobox.com/~wstearns LinuxMonth; articles for Linux Enthusiasts! http://www.linuxmonth.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-06-26 03:01:08
|
wst...@po... said: > Or run a test with Jeff's stock kernel, from the same download site. That has the bug in it as well. It was fixed after 2.4.5. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-07-10 15:10:32
|
mon...@wi... said: > I want to know the exact procedure done before getting the login > prompt . It unable to mount the root_fs .I want some informtion about > root_fs . How do u handle that error of kernel panic as it cant locate > root_fs . If you expect any kind of help, you're going to have to provide more information than that. You can start with the exact command line that you're using and the console output up to the panic. It sounds like you're messing up the command line somehow. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-07-11 18:06:52
|
da...@so... said: > VM machine doesn't lockup - I can still type at the console, but it > doesn't respone - Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-C, etc do nothing. I can ping it > (ethertap), but ssh and/or telnet don't do anything. What version? This sounds like the TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE deadlock I fixed late in 2.4.5. > I did, however, manage to get it to do it properly once, but soon > after I got "tty_read read failed, errno = 0", and the thing locks up > completly. I don't seem to be able to get much in the way of debugging > output from it in either case. The usual first step is to put gdb on it and get a backtrace. Jeff |
From: David C. <da...@so...> - 2001-07-11 18:47:58
|
On Wed, 11 Jul 2001, Jeff Dike wrote: > What version? This sounds like the TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE deadlock I fixed late > in 2.4.5. 2.4.6-3um > The usual first step is to put gdb on it and get a backtrace. Yeah - How do you get gdb (via running it with the 'debug' option) to give me a bt when the thing has just hung? -- David Coulson http://davidcoulson.net/ da...@so... http://journal.davidcoulson.net/ |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-07-11 19:03:45
|
da...@so... said: > 2.4.6-3um So I guess it's a different bug... > Yeah - How do you get gdb (via running it with the 'debug' option) to > give me a bt when the thing has just hung? Just ^C it, and 'bt'. Jeff |
From: David C. <da...@so...> - 2001-07-11 22:52:52
|
On Wed, 11 Jul 2001, Jeff Dike wrote: > Just ^C it, and 'bt'. Hrm, okay; #0 0x10124f17 in __sigprocmask (how=1, set=0x573a3c5c, oset=0x0) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/sigprocmask.c:49 #1 0x10114147 in change_sig (signal=10, on=1) at process.c:218 #2 0x10119505 in sig_handler (sig=11, sc={gs = 0, __gsh = 0, fs = 0, __fsh = 0, es = 43, __esh = 0, ds = 43, __dsh = 0, edi = 1075153540, esi = 1075216864, ebp = 3212835288, esp = 3212835200, ebx = 1075263192, edx = 1075211384, ecx = 51808, eax = 1075153556, trapno = 13, err = 0, eip = 1075223844, cs = 35, __csh = 0, eflags = 66070, esp_at_signal = 3212835200, ss = 43, __ssh = 0, fpstate = 0x0, oldmask = 0, cr2 = 1074823332}) at trap_user.c:338 #3 0x10124ed8 in __restore () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sigaction.c:127 #4 0x40166c86 in ?? () #5 0x40142dfd in ?? () #6 0x8048a2e in ?? () #7 0x80498b5 in ?? () #8 0x4005f22b in ?? () #9 0x8049554 in ?? () #10 0x4004b177 in ?? () -- David Coulson http://davidcoulson.net/ da...@so... http://journal.davidcoulson.net/ |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-07-12 03:08:31
|
da...@so... said: > #2 0x10119505 in sig_handler (sig=11, sc={gs = 0, __gsh = 0, fs = 0, Can you put a breakpoint on segv and check that it's constantly being hit with the same arguments? Also, I'd like to see the value of current_task.thread. > oldmask = 0, cr2 = 1074823332}) at trap_user.c:338 The fault address is cr2 there, which is 0x401080a4, which is sane. Can you check /proc/<pid>/maps for that page, where pid is current_task.thread.extern_pid? Jeff |
From: David C. <da...@so...> - 2001-07-12 10:59:19
|
On Wed, 11 Jul 2001, Jeff Dike wrote: > Can you put a breakpoint on segv and check that it's constantly being hit with > the same arguments? #0 segv (address=1074131636, ip=1075223844, is_write=0, is_user=1) at trap_kern.c:28 #1 0x101193ec in segv_handler (sig=11, sc=0x570f3d28, usermode=1) at trap_user.c:296 #2 0x1011951c in sig_handler (sig=11, sc={gs = 0, __gsh = 0, fs = 0, __fsh = 0, es = 43, __esh = 0, ds = 43, __dsh = 0, edi = 1075161536, esi = 1075211296, ebp = 3212835220, esp = 3212835132, ebx = 1075263192, edx = 1075211384, ecx = 51808, eax = 1075161552, trapno = 13, err = 0, eip = 1075223844, cs = 35, __csh = 0, eflags = 66070, esp_at_signal = 3212835132, ss = 43, __ssh = 0, fpstate = 0x0, oldmask = 0, cr2 = 1074131636}) at trap_user.c:340 #0 segv (address=1074131636, ip=1075223844, is_write=0, is_user=1) at trap_kern.c:28 #1 0x101193ec in segv_handler (sig=11, sc=0x570f3d28, usermode=1) at trap_user.c:296 #2 0x1011951c in sig_handler (sig=11, sc={gs = 0, __gsh = 0, fs = 0, __fsh = 0, es = 43, __esh = 0, ds = 43, __dsh = 0, edi = 1075161536, esi = 1075211296, ebp = 3212835220, esp = 3212835132, ebx = 1075263192, edx = 1075211384, ecx = 51808, eax = 1075161552, trapno = 13, err = 0, eip = 1075223844, cs = 35, __csh = 0, eflags = 66070, esp_at_signal = 3212835132, ss = 43, __ssh = 0, fpstate = 0x0, oldmask = 0, cr2 = 1074131636}) at trap_user.c:340 Looks exactly the same to me. > Also, I'd like to see the value of current_task.thread. $1 = {extern_pid = 18328, tracing = 0, forking = 0, kernel_stack = 1460609024, signal = {state = 0, signal = 0, sp = 0, handler = 0}, saved_sigs = {sig = { 0, 0}}, nsyscalls = 68, process_regs = {regs = {0, 3212835372, 0, 8, 0, 3212835332, 0, 43, 43, 0, 0, 175, 1074120640, 35, 518, 3212835304, 43}}, syscall_regs = {regs = {15901, 19, 269579620, 3221222420, 1073741824, 1460617200, 0, 43, 43, 0, 0, 37, 269635473, 35, 515, 1460617140, 43}}, altstack_regs = {regs = {0 <repeats 17 times>}}, altstack = 0x0, altstack_size = 0, cr2 = 0, err = 0, repeat_syscall = 0, fault_addr = 0x0, fault_catcher = 0x0, brk = 0x1022d000, sigreturn_syscall = 0, request = { op = 0, u = {fork = {pid = 0}, exec = {pid = 0}, cswitch = {to = 0x0, from = 0x573a4000}, thread = {proc = 0, arg = 0x573a4000, flags = 0, new_pid = 0, new_task = 0x0, cpu = 0}, fork_finish = {stack = 0, regs = {regs = {1463435264, 0 <repeats 16 times>}}, from = 0x57158000}, cb = {proc = 0, arg = 0x573a4000}, tracing = { restore_regs = 0}}}} > Can you check /proc/<pid>/maps for that page, where pid is > current_task.thread.extern_pid? 0x4005F2B4; david:~$ cat /proc/18328/maps | grep 4005f 4005f000-40060000 r-xs 07bd2000 09:05 45 /tmp/vm_file-CihTFl (deleted) -- David Coulson http://davidcoulson.net/ da...@so... http://journal.davidcoulson.net/ |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2001-12-23 21:53:19
|
jg...@xs... said: > I have tried user_mode_linux-2.4.16.1um-0.i386.rpm (and also a version > compiled by myself) and I get a constant load of 1 to 2 running uml. Do a ps on the host and see what's running. That ought to give you some idea. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2002-03-17 04:38:09
|
da...@so... said: > Trying to build e2fsprogs; untars fine, but ./configure gets stuck at; > ... > creating doc/Makefile > creating intl/Makefile > creating po/Makefile.in > linking ./intl/libgettext.h to intl/libintl.h > > VM machine doesn't lockup - I can still type at the console, but it > doesn't respone - Ctrl-Z, Ctrl-C, etc do nothing. I can ping it > (ethertap), but ssh and/or telnet don't do anything. Checking out some old bug reports... I ran about a dozen iterations of e2fsprogs configure/make/test with no problems, so I guess whatever bug you hit has been fixed. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2002-08-13 19:04:16
|
sam...@ho... said: > Warning: unable to mount devfs, err: -2 > Warning: unable to open an initial console. > Kernel panic: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. If you're going to start booting random CD images on UML, you need to figure out what's on them so you can tell UML. This has nothing to do with UML. It looks like there might be a devfs mismatch between the image and the UML binary. It also looks like the init has a non-standard name, which is typical for an installation CD. Jeff |
From: Jeff D. <jd...@ka...> - 2002-08-13 19:04:23
|
ca...@te... said: > whenever i boot, it stop when try to mount devfs help me plz Does it occur to you that it might be easier to help if you provided the actual error messages? Jeff |
From: BlaisorBlade <bla...@ya...> - 2004-10-26 12:39:56
|
First - don't take discussion on private mail. I want the freedom to leave questions unanswered (and I do that). And to do that, keep CC'ing the list, so that other people can answer, too. On Tuesday 26 October 2004 13:35, Rog...@gd... wrote: > Yeah, changing the permissions on the root file system did the trick. That > should have been obvious to me. > If you check out the script below you will see that I am running my guest > files system and swap on their own partitions. Is there still an advantage > to creating a chroot? Security - a root user inside the UML could happily read everything that the user running it can read: an hacker can insmod something (even through /dev/kmem) and, if you're running UML as root, be the absolute master of your host. Also, there could be some ways to go on the host even if you are only a normal user on the UML. Some ones are currently being fixed. > If so, can you point me to a good how-to? No idea for that - search the archives or ask "how to chroot UML" with a meaningful subject (that is not an option if you want to be answered, often). > I want each guest kernel to carve out its own swap and ram to avoid > commingling of data between kernels. > I am prototyping Multiple Independent Levels of Security (MILS) > configurations with uml. Any other tips like above would be appreciated. > Thanks! > btw, How are you liking Gentoo? I love it, but KDE does not work yet for me. It only works as root, not as user. I got some yet untested clues for that (an uncorrect PATH setting in .bashrc), but for now I've not yet finished switching to Gentoo. Apart of that, I'm loving it! -- Paolo Giarrusso, aka Blaisorblade Linux registered user n. 292729 |
From: Blaisorblade <bla...@ya...> - 2004-10-28 19:55:29
|
On Wednesday 27 October 2004 14:51, Rog...@gd... wrote: > > -----Original Message----- > > From: BlaisorBlade [mailto:bla...@ya...] > > Sent: Monday, October 25, 2004 7:39 PM > > To: use...@li... > > Cc: Sala, Roger > > Subject: Re: [uml-user] (no subject) > > > 2) I'm trying to get as much physical partitioning as possible. By > > > launching my uml with the following script, am I giving it its own > > > dedicated root file system swap and ram? The host is set > > up for 32M ram > > > > > disks. > > > > > > dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 > > > /sbin/mke2fs -q -m 0 /dev/ram1 > > > > Yes, reserving with "-m 0" no space for the superuser is a good idea. > > > > > export TMPDIR=/uml/tmp > > > > > > /bin/mount /dev/ram1 $TMPDIR > > > /bin/chmod 1777 $TMPDIR > > > linux ubd0=/dev/hda6 ubd1=/dev/hda7 mem=32M > > > > eth0=tuntap,,,192.168.0.254 > > > > I suppose that ubd1 will be the swap. In this case, you are > > almost correct. > > Why almost? If there is a 32M filesystem, you cannot create a > > 32M file on it - > > you lose at least some Kbytes for the FS data. And when I say > > "you lose", it > > means "UML will panic when accessing it, probably". Use some > > safety space - > > check how much with df (it reports by default the actual free > > space IIRC). > Thanks for the tip. The file system and lost+found dir leave 31716k free > on the mounted ramdisk. So to be safe, I start the uml with mem=31700k. > But running `top` on the uml kernel only shows 28208 total mem. Like free will do, both on your host and on your guest. The "missing memory" is the one used for the kernel. I have 512 MBytes of RAM: paolo [~/Uml: 21:50 (0)] $ echo $((512*1024)) 524288 So that mean I have 524288 Kbytes of Ram. Let's check with free: paolo [~/Uml: 21:50 (0)] $ free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 515228 510420 4808 0 170240 124272 -/+ buffers/cache: 215908 299320 Swap: 779112 2888 776224 As you see, 10 Megas are missing. That's reserved by the kernel (both its image and part of its data). > While > running `ls -lk /proc/kcore` on the uml gives 31,704k -- 4k more than I > passed in. Well, I don't know about this - it could possibly be some kind of rounding, or something such. However we are safe anyway. > Furthermore, `df $TMPDIR` on the host typically gives a "used" figure > roughly half of the "used" shown on top for a running uml. Yes, and if you watch it on UML boot, you will see it quickly increasing. Only the pages which has actually been written to is shown there (a page is a group of 4 KBytes which is the minimal unit in Linux memory management). > Can someone help me with the accounting here? "Someone"? You sent your mail only to me. Use "Reply to All" next time. Bye -- Paolo Giarrusso, aka Blaisorblade Linux registered user n. 292729 |
From: <Rog...@gd...> - 2004-10-28 20:08:17
|
> -----Original Message----- > From: Blaisorblade [mailto:bla...@ya...] > Sent: Thursday, October 28, 2004 3:56 PM > To: Sala, Roger > Cc: use...@li... > Subject: Re: [uml-user] (no subject) > > > On Wednesday 27 October 2004 14:51, Rog...@gd... wrote: > > > -----Original Message----- > > > From: BlaisorBlade [mailto:bla...@ya...] > > > Sent: Monday, October 25, 2004 7:39 PM > > > To: use...@li... > > > Cc: Sala, Roger > > > Subject: Re: [uml-user] (no subject) > > > > > 2) I'm trying to get as much physical partitioning as > possible. By > > > > launching my uml with the following script, am I giving > it its own > > > > dedicated root file system swap and ram? The host is set > > > > up for 32M ram > > > > > > > disks. > > > > > > > > dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 > > > > /sbin/mke2fs -q -m 0 /dev/ram1 > > > > > > Yes, reserving with "-m 0" no space for the superuser is > a good idea. > > > > > > > export TMPDIR=/uml/tmp > > > > > > > > /bin/mount /dev/ram1 $TMPDIR > > > > /bin/chmod 1777 $TMPDIR > > > > linux ubd0=/dev/hda6 ubd1=/dev/hda7 mem=32M > > > > > > eth0=tuntap,,,192.168.0.254 > > > > > > I suppose that ubd1 will be the swap. In this case, you are > > > almost correct. > > > > Why almost? If there is a 32M filesystem, you cannot create a > > > 32M file on it - > > > you lose at least some Kbytes for the FS data. And when I say > > > "you lose", it > > > means "UML will panic when accessing it, probably". Use some > > > safety space - > > > check how much with df (it reports by default the actual free > > > space IIRC). > > > Thanks for the tip. The file system and lost+found dir > leave 31716k free > > on the mounted ramdisk. So to be safe, I start the uml > with mem=31700k. > > But running `top` on the uml kernel only shows 28208 total mem. > Like free will do, both on your host and on your guest. The > "missing memory" > is the one used for the kernel. > > I have 512 MBytes of RAM: > > paolo [~/Uml: 21:50 (0)] $ echo $((512*1024)) > 524288 > So that mean I have 524288 Kbytes of Ram. Let's check with free: > > paolo [~/Uml: 21:50 (0)] $ free > total used free shared > buffers cached > Mem: 515228 510420 4808 0 > 170240 124272 > -/+ buffers/cache: 215908 299320 > Swap: 779112 2888 776224 > > As you see, 10 Megas are missing. That's reserved by the > kernel (both its > image and part of its data). > > > While > > running `ls -lk /proc/kcore` on the uml gives 31,704k -- 4k > more than I > > passed in. > Well, I don't know about this - it could possibly be some > kind of rounding, or > something such. However we are safe anyway. > > > Furthermore, `df $TMPDIR` on the host typically gives a > "used" figure > > roughly half of the "used" shown on top for a running uml. > > Yes, and if you watch it on UML boot, you will see it quickly > increasing. Only > the pages which has actually been written to is shown there > (a page is a > group of 4 KBytes which is the minimal unit in Linux memory > management). Are you saying that the higher "used" number shown by `top` reflects memory that has already been malloc'd, but the lower ramdisk usage on the host reflects memory that has actually generated a page fault and been allocated? > > > Can someone help me with the accounting here? > "Someone"? You sent your mail only to me. Use "Reply to All" > next time. Sorry, I thought I did. > > Bye > -- > Paolo Giarrusso, aka Blaisorblade > Linux registered user n. 292729 > |