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Tree [842cde] master / History
| File | Date | Author | Commit |
|---|---|---|---|
| asm | 2015-12-19 |
patterson7019
|
[842cde] Now handles 16-bit result |
| docs | 2015-07-04 |
lee
|
[0d84bd] Adding documentation to repository |
| etc | 2015-06-12 |
lee
|
[20e555] updated file perms and included required libs |
| lib | 2015-06-12 |
lee
|
[20e555] updated file perms and included required libs |
| src | 2015-12-19 |
patterson7019
|
[eefef7] New mnemonics ANMA, ANIA, ORIA, SR. Keyboard ha... |
| testasm | 2015-08-11 |
patterson7019
|
[0d7e49] numbers test works |
| README.txt | 2015-08-08 |
lee
|
[1ec35c] Describe sample programs. |
| build.xml | 2015-07-27 |
lee
|
[f8f370] Updated the dist target to automatically create... |
Read Me
# SharpiEmu, the Sharp PC-1360 Emulator #
Thanks for checking out SharpiEmu. SharpiEmu is an open source Java based PC-1360 emulator. It can currently emulate 127 out of 133 instructions of the SC61860 CPU. You can also use it as a debugging tool, to step through your code one instruction at a time. It will load binary files generated by, for example, [PockASM](http://www.aldweb.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=28). The debugger shows the 1360's 150x32 pixel screen, registers, and disassembly. You can step over and into CALL routines.
See the Building and running section below to get right to it, or read on for more background.
As a side note, I have found that learning assembly on the SC61860 CPU is easier then the Intel and 6809 CPUs. So it's a great stepping stone!
# Objective #
The goal of this project is to make a Java based emulator that can be used for running and debugging Machine Language programs for the PC-1360. The project is a great learning experience, both for learning to write assembly language, and how to write an emulator. I'm not trying to make the best emulator, just one that works, and learn from it.
Once the emulator core is setup for the PC-1360, the next goal is to emulate other sharp models based on the 8 bit SC61860 CPU. PC-1403 is the next likely candidate.
I had a strong emphasis on building junits right from the start, to ensure the instructions work correctly. For example, when an instruction should modify the zero flag, I have a junit to make sure it does.
# Building and running #
To compile, you will need [Apache Ant](http://ant.apache.org). You will also need a compile assembly language program, in BIN format. You can use scroll.asm if you like. Note that the scrolling speed will not be consistent with the real hardware, as I am not synching to the speed of the 61860's 768KHz.
$ ant dist
$ java -jar dist/SharpiEmu.jar
You can run the emulator from the command line, or you can double click on the dist/SharpiEmu.jar file to start the emulator.
The emulated 1360 display comes up. From there you:
1. File > Open and locate your .bin file, or you can load scroll.bin or anim1.bin that I have included in the testasm folder.
2. Specify the load address and execute address, in decimal. Click Ok.
3. Either run the program via Emulator > Run, or Start debugging with Emulator > Debug and step through your code with Emulator > Step Over.
>**Note**: The keyboard and sound are not yet supported.
>**Also note**: Not all opcodes are supported yet, so if one is found that isn't supported, you will get an error message.
# Setup PC-1360 for both BASIC and Machine Language programs #
A utility is included to calculate the BASIC `POKE` you need to allow both BASIC and ML programs to coexist without stomping on each other.
$ java -cp dist/SharpiEmu.jar axorion.PokeBasic
Calculate what BASIC's POKE statement should be
when allocating memory for ML programs.
By Lee Patterson http://www.axorion.com
RAM Card Size in KB (8, 16, 32)? [32] 16
Reserve how many bytes? [8192]
Your new start address for BASIC is E030 (57392)
POKE 65495,48,224
Press MODE to enter PRO mode
Enter NEW and go back to RUN mode
Now instead of trying to manually calculate what the POKE will be, you run the PokeBasic util and it tells you exactly what to write.
## Memory layout details ##
For more information see [Where to put Machine Language programs](http://www.aldweb.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=53).
| RAM Card | Start Address of Basic | End Address of Basic |
| ------ | ------ | ------ |
| 8 Kb | &E030 | &F9C9 |
| 16 Kb | &C030 | &F9C9 |
| 32 Kb | &8030 | &F9C9 |
[PC-1360 BASIC Addresses]
Now, to the Start Address of Basic found from the above table, you will add the amount of bytes that you want to dedicate to ML.
For example, if you want to dedicate 2 Kb (2 * 1024 = 2048 bytes = &800 bytes) on a 16 Kb card, you will calculate : ADR = &C030 + &800 = &C830. Make sure that this number remains smaller than the End Address of Basic as put in the above table. Note that ADR is made of a Low Byte and a High Byte, with ADR = LB + 256 x HB. In our example LB = &30 and HB = &C8.
16KB card, 4KB ML space = &D030
And now, only a few more steps to execute :
1. All Reset your Sharp PC, answer Y to confirm
2. Type POKE &FFD7, &30, &D0 (ADR = LB + 256 x HB), press ENTER to validate line
2. Type POKE 65495, 48, 208
3. Press MODE key to enter PRO mode
4. Type NEW, press ENTER to validate command
5. Press MODE key again to go back to RUN mode
# The Sharp PC-1360 Pocket Computer #
The Sharp PC-1360 is a small pocket computer manufactured by Sharp in 1987. The 1360 superseded the PC-1350 from 1984, and features one additional RAM expansion port, improved BASIC, floppy disk capability, and a faster CPU. Engineers and programmers like the 1360 for its decent programming and graphical capabilities.
- CMOS 8 bit CPU SC61860 @ 768KHz
- 150x32 pixel LCD controlled by SC43537 Display LSI chip
- 4 KB RAM on 2 * HM6116 chip
- 40 KB System ROM (8 KB cpu internal, 32 KB external on SC613256 chip)
- Integrated piezo speaker (beep only)
- I/O Sharp custom interfaces for printers and tape recorders
- I/O RS-232 at TTL level
- Powered by two CR-2032 lithium batteries (consumption max 5mA during arithmetical computing, 20uA during power off)
- Built-in BASIC interpreter
- RAM expansion port, for up to 64 KB of RAM in total.
# A few useful links #
How to write an emulator. This is the site that got me started on the idea of making an emulator in the first place.
<http://www.emulator101.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com>
- Pocket Tools, contains 64-bit versions of bin2wav.exe
<http://pocket.free.fr/index.html>
- Service manual
<https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9MTQ4daqp4qcDc2cUNfdEJYS3c/edit?pli=1>
- User Manual
<http://pocketcomputerworld.free.fr/Manuals/PC-1360.pdf>
- Machine Language reference
<http://www.aldweb.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=53>
- Simon's Pocket Computer Resource
<http://www.lehmayr.de/e_pc.htm>
- [Sample assembly program](http://www.axorion.com/?f=blog&pageId=42)
- YASM Assembler, perl
<http://www.oit.ac.jp/bme/~yagshi/misc/pocketcom/yasm-e.html>
- Assembler language reference categorized
<http://shop-pdp.net/ashtml/as6186.htm>
- Short manual for 1360
<http://www.lehmayr.de/PC-1360/e_Manuals/e_Short%20manual%20for%20PC-1360.htm>
- PockEmul module
<https://code.google.com/p/pockemul/source/browse/trunk/src/cpu/sc61860.cpp?r=145>
# Inspirations #
Things that I find inspire this project.
- Atari 2600
- [Dungeons of Daggorath](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeons_of_Daggorath), one of the first real-time, first-person perspective role-playing video games. It was produced by DynaMicro for the Tandy (RadioShack) TRS-80 Color Computer in 1982. It was distributed on an 8KB ROM cartridge.
# CPU Instructions #
133 instructions. Instruction list pulled from [Aldweb](http://www.aldweb.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=53), and a [nicely categorized list](http://shop-pdp.net/ashtml/as6186.htm).
Hex Dec Instruction Function Bytes Cycles Flags
&00 000 LII n n -> I 2 4
&01 001 LIJ n n -> J 2 4
&02 002 LIA n n -> A 2 4
&03 003 LIB n n -> B 2 4
&04 004 IX X + 1 -> X l 6
&05 005 DX X - 1 -> X 1 6
&06 006 IY Y + 1 -> Y 1 6
&07 007 DY Y - 1 -> Y 1 6
&08 008 MVW I -> d 1 5+2xd
&09 009 EXW I -> d 1 6+3xd
&0A 010 MVB J -> d 1 5+2xd
&0B 011 EXB J -> d 1 6+3xd
&0C 012 ADN I -> d 1 7+3xd C,Z
&0D 013 SBN I -> d 1 7+3xd C,Z
&0E 014 ADW I -> d 1 7+3xd C,Z
&0F 015 SBW I -> d 1 7+3xd C,Z
&10 016 LIDP nm n -> DPH ; m -> DPL 3 8
&11 017 LIDL n n -> DPL 2 5
&12 018 LIP n n -> P 2 4
&13 019 LIQ n n -> Q 2 4
&14 020 ADB [P+1,P] + (B,A) -> [P+1,P] 1 5 C,Z
&15 021 SBB [P+1,P] - (B,A)-> [P+1,P] 1 5 C,Z
&18 024 MVWB I -> d l 5+4xd
&19 025 EXWD I -> d 1 7+6xd
&1A 026 MVBD J -> d 1 5+4xd
&1B 027 EXBD J -> d 1 7+6xd
&1C 028 SRW I -> d 1 5+1xd
&1D 029 SLW I -> d 1 5+1xd
&1E 030 FILM I -> d 1 5+1xd
&1F 031 FILD I -> d 1 4+3xd
&20 032 LDP P -> A 1 2
&21 033 LDQ Q -> A 1 2
&22 034 LDR R -> A 1 2
&23 035 RA 0 -> A 1 2
&24 036 IXL X + 1 -> X 1 7
&25 037 DXL X - 1 -> X 1 7
&26 038 IYS Y + 1 -> Y 1 6
&27 039 DYS Y - 1 -> Y 1 6
&28 040 JRNZP n if Z=0 2 7/4
&29 041 JRNZM n if Z=0 2 7/4
&2A 042 JRNCP n if C=0 2 7/4
&2B 043 JRNCM n if C=0 2 7/4
&2C 044 JRP n PC + 1 + n -> PC 2 7
&2D 045 JRM n PC + 1 - n -> PC 2 7
&2F 047 LOOP n [R] - 1 -> [R] 2 10/7
&30 048 STP A -> P 1 2
&31 049 STQ A -> Q 1 2
&32 050 STR A -> R 1 2
&34 052 PUSH R - 1 -> R 1 3
&35 053 DATA I -> d l 11+4xd
&37 055 RTN [R,R+1] -> PC l 4
&38 056 JRZP n if Z=1 2 7/4
&39 057 JRZM n if Z=1 2 7/4
&3A 058 JRCP if C=1 2 7/4
&3B 059 JRCM if C=1 2 7/4
&40 064 INCI I + 1 -> I 1 4 C,Z
&41 065 DECI I - 1 -> I l 4 C,Z
&42 066 INCA A + 1 -> A l 4 C,Z
&43 067 DECA A - 1 -> A 1 4 C,Z
&44 068 ADM [P] + A -> [P] l 3 C,Z
&45 069 SBM [P] - A -> [P] 1 3 C,Z
&46 070 ANMA [P] and A -> [P] 1 3 Z
&47 071 0RMA [P] or A -> [P] 1 3 Z
&48 072 INCK K + 1 -> K 1 4 C,Z
&49 073 DECK K - 1 -> K 1 4 C,Z
&4A 074 INCM M + 1 -> M l 4 C,Z
&4B 075 DECM M - 1 -> M 1 4 C,Z
&4C 076 INA IA-Port -> A 1 2
&4D 077 NOPW No Operation l 2
&4E 078 WAIT n No Operation 2 6+n
&4F 079 WAITI No Operation 1 5+4xd
&50 080 INCP P + 1 -> P l 2 C,Z
&51 081 DECP P - 1 -> P l 2 C,Z
&52 082 STD A -> [DP] 1 2
&53 083 MVDM [P] -> [DP] 1 3
&54 084 READM [PC+1] -> [P] 1 3
&55 085 MVMD [DP] -> [P] l 3
&56 086 READ [PC+1] -> A 1 3
&57 087 LDD [DP] -> A 1 3
&58 088 SWP A <- swap bits [1-4]<->[5-8] 1 2
&59 089 LDM [P] -> A 1 2
&5A 090 SL A <- 1 bit shift left 1 2 C
&5B 091 POP [R] -> A 1 2
&5D 093 OUTA [5C] -> IA-Port 1 3
&5F 095 0UTF [5E] -> FO-Port l 3
&60 096 ANIM n [P] and n -> [P] 2 4 Z
&61 097 ORIM n [P] or n -> [P] 2 4 Z
&62 098 TSIM n [P] and n -> Z 2 4
&63 099 CPIM n [P] - n -> C,Z 2 4 C,Z
&64 100 ANIA n A and n -> A 2 4 Z
&65 101 ORIA n A or n -> A 2 4 Z
&66 102 TSIA n A and n -> Z 2 4
&67 103 CPIA n A - n -> C,Z 2 4 C,Z
&69 105 DTJ Do Table Jump - -
&6B 107 TEST n n -> TEST 2 4 Z
&70 112 ADIM n [P] + n -> [P] 2 4 C,Z
&71 113 SBIM n [P] - n -> [P] 2 4 C,Z
&74 116 ADIA n A + n -> A 2 4 C,Z
&75 117 SBIA n A - n -> A 2 4 C,Z
&78 120 CALL nm PC + 3 -> [R-1,R-2] 3 8
&79 121 JP nm nm -> PC 3 6
&7A 122 PTJ Prepare Table Jump 4 9
&7C 124 JPNZ nm if Z=0 3 6
&7D 125 JPNC nm if C=0 3 6
&7E 126 JPZ nm if Z=1 3 6
&7F 127 JPC nm if C=1 3 6
&80 128 LP l l -> P 1 2
&C0 192 INCJ J + 1 -> J 1 4 C,Z
&C1 193 DECJ J - 1 -> J 1 4 C,Z
&C2 194 INCB B + 1 -> B 1 4 C,Z
&C3 195 DECB B - 1 -> B 1 4 C,Z
&C4 196 ADCM [P] + A + C -> [P] 1 3 C,Z
&C5 197 SBCM [P] - A - C -> [P] 1 3 C,Z
&C6 198 TSMA [P] and A -> Z 1 3
&C7 199 CPMA [P] - A -> C,Z 1 3 C,Z
&C8 200 INCL L + 1 -> L 1 4 C,Z
&C9 201 DECL L - 1 -> L 1 4 C,Z
&CA 202 INCN N + 1 -> N 1 4 C,Z
&CB 203 DECN N - 1 -> N 1 4 C,Z
&CC 204 INB IB-Port -> A 1 2
&CE 206 NOPT No Operation 1 3
&D0 208 SC 1 -> C 1 2 C,Z
&D1 209 RC 0 -> C 1 2 C,Z
&D2 210 SR A <- 1 bit shift right 1 2 C
&D4 212 ANID n [DP] and n -> [DP] 2 6 Z
&D5 213 ORID n [DP] or n -> [DP] 2 6 Z
&D6 214 TSID n [DP] and n -> Z 2 6
&D8 216 LEAVE 0 -> [R] 1 2
&DA 218 EXAB A <-> B 1 3
&DB 219 EXAM A <-> [P] 1 3
&DD 221 0UTB [5D] -> IB-Port 1 2
&DF 223 0UTC [5F] -> Control Port 1 2
&EO 224 CAL ln PC + 2 -> [R-1,R-2] 2 7
# Keyboard #
You can call the internal ROM keypressed function with:
call 7836
Carry flag set when a key was pressed. A register contains the key pressed.
For example:
presskey equ 7836 # @ of internal ROM KeyPressed function
jp start
result: db 0
start: call presskey
jpnc start
lidp result
std
end: rtn
For more information see [INKEY$ in Machine Language](http://www.aldweb.com/articles.php?lng=en&pg=54).
# Example Assembly Programs #
There are a number of samples in the testasm directory. I'll list the important ones. The others are just one off's to test an instruction on the actual hardware.
| File | Description |
| --- | --- |
| anim1.asm | Animated Lemming. |
| scroll.asm | Sample scrolling splash screen. |
| scroll.bin | Binary file, compiled from scroll.asm |
| scroll2.asm | Scrolls a map across the screen contunuously by wrapping . |
| setpixel-video.asm | Set a pixel in video memory. |
| PETOOLS.asm | PETOOLS |
| WIN13x0.asm | Aldweb example that comes with PockASM |
| add.asm | |
| add.bas | |
| array.asm | Sample from tutorial |
| callcompare.bas | BASIC source for sample |
| callrev.bas | BASIC source for sample |
| compare1.asm | Sample from tutorial |
| dbuffer.asm | |
| indexTest.asm | |
| letters.asm | Graphical Hello World example. Created small font that is able to render 37x5 characters instead of the standard 25x4. |
| math.asm | 8-bit multiple and divide routines |
| reverse.asm | Sample from tutorial |
| screen1.asm | |
| screen2.asm | |
| screen3.asm | |
| splash.asm | Displays a splash screen. |
| tohex.asm | Example of converting a decimal number to hex ascii. |