Starknet Alternatives

StarkEx generates validity proofs, to ensure that only valid data resulting from computations performed with integrity, is committed on-chain. The secret to StarkEx’s massive scaling capabilities lies in the uneven division of computation between its off-chain prover and the on-chain verifier. StarkEx powers self-custodial dApps, and employs innovative anti-censorship mechanisms to ensure that users’ funds always remain in their custody. StarkEx has been developed to serve a diverse range of user and application needs. Applications that wish to integrate with StarkEx can arrive on Mainnet within a few weeks time, depending on the maturity of their off-chain Operator node. With validity proofs, state updates are considered finalized as soon as they are verified on-chain. This can be a matter of hours, as compared to fraud proofs that can be finalized only after the dispute period.

zkSync is Ethereum’s most user-centric ZK rollup. Unlike any other scaling approach, ZK rollup has no upper bound on the value it can securely handle in L2. Unlike optimistic rollups, all assets can be moved capital-efficiently and fast between ZK rollup and L1. zkSync has the lowest real tx costs across all existing and planned rollups. zkSync also supports meta-transactions, instant confirmations with economic finality, low-cost privacy, and more. Ease and fun of development are at the core of zkSync design. Integrate payments and atomic swaps in a few lines of code. Develop type-safe, functional style smart contracts on Zinc: a Rust-based framework. Deploy your existing EVM codebase with minimum modifications.

zkLend is an L2 money-market protocol built on StarkNet, combining zk-rollup scalability, superior transaction speed, and cost savings with Ethereum's security. The protocol offers a dual solution, a permissioned and compliance-focused solution for institutional clients, and a permissionless service for DeFi users, all without sacrificing decentralization. zkLend believes that truly decentralized finance must be built on chains that are not only cheap, fast, and scalable but also secure and decentralized. zkLend is built with the conviction that Ethereum is the only decentralized solution and zk is the only technology that can scale without compromising on the properties that make Ethereum so unique. zkLend is an L2 money-market protocol built on StarkNet, combining zk-rollup scalability, superior transaction speed, and cost savings with Ethereum’s security. Users will be able to deposit their assets into a reserve pool, thereby providing liquidity to each money market.

Loopring is an open protocol for building scalable non-custodial exchanges on Ethereum. Leveraging zero-knowledge proofs (zkRollup), it allows for high performance trading (high throughput, low settlement cost), without sacrificing Ethereum-level security guarantees. Users always maintain 100% control of their assets throughout the trade lifecycle. You can trade on Loopring to test it out. Loopring is an open-sourced, audited, and non-custodial exchange protocol, which means nobody in the Loopring ecosystem needs to trust others. Cryptoassets are always under users' own control, with 100% Ethereum-level security guarantees. Loopring powers highly scalable decentralized exchanges by batch-processing thousands of requests off-chain, with verifiably correct execution via ZKPs. The performance of underlying blockchains is no longer the bottleneck. Loopring performs most operations, including order-matching and trade settlement, off the Ethereum blockchain.

Build smart contracts with mainstream software stacks. Take a productive leap from Solidity to the vast universe of software components supported by Linux. Enable million-fold computational scalability, data availability of large files and low transaction costs. All while preserving the strong security guarantees of Ethereum. From games where players conceal their data to Enterprise applications that run on sensitive data, preserve privacy on your DApps. Descartes executes massive computational tasks off-chain, on a Linux virtual machine fully specified by a smart contract. The results of the computations are fully verifiable and enforceable on-chain by honest Descartes node runners, preserving the strong security guarantees of the underlying blockchain. Defeat the scalability limits of Ethereum, with million-fold computational gains, while preserving the strong security guarantees of the blockchain.

The Raiden Network is an off-chain scaling solution, enabling near-instant, low-fee and scalable payments. It’s complementary to the Ethereum blockchain and works with any ERC20 compatible token. The Raiden project is work in progress. Its goal is to research state channel technology, define protocols and develop reference implementations. The Raiden Network is an infrastructure layer on top of the Ethereum blockchain. While the basic idea is simple, the underlying protocol is quite complex and the implementation non-trivial. Nonetheless the technicalities can be abstracted away, such that developers can interface with a rather simple API to build scalable decentralized applications based on the Raiden Network. The basic idea of the Raiden Network is to avoid the blockchain consensus bottleneck. This is done by leveraging a network of payment channels which allow to securely transfer value off-chain, i.e without involving the blockchain for every transfer.

Hermez is an open-source ZK-Rollup optimized for secure, low-cost and usable token transfers on the wings of Ethereum. Hermez seamlessly integrates into the fabric of the Ethereum ecosystem and enables low-cost token transfers for an inclusive economy. Cost-efficient token transfers and swaps with high throughput. Decentralized and open-source architecture. Computational integrity for secure transactions. By using zero-knowledge technology, transfer costs are significantly reduced, allowing more accessible financial services for mainstream adoption. Computational integrity and on-chain data availability are guaranteed by zero-knowledge-proof technology while preserving the public blockchain properties of Ethereum. Hermez's mission is to create an inclusive, resilient and highly efficient payment network for the next generation of digital currencies to ensure everyone has the freedom to transact.

Next generation layer 2 for Ethereum dApps. Use your favorite tools and scale your dApp at the lowest cost. An aggregator plays the same role that a node plays in Ethereum. Client software can do remote procedure calls (RPCs) to an aggregator, using the standard API, to interact with an Arbitrum chain. The aggregator will then make calls to the EthBridge and produce transaction results to the client, just as an Ethereum node would. Most clients will use an aggregator to submit their transactions to an Arbitrum chain, although this is not required. There is no limit on how many aggregators can exist, nor on who can be an aggregator. To improve efficiency, aggregators will usually package together multiple client transactions into a single message to be submitted to the Arbitrum chain. Arbitrum also supports a privileged Sequencer that can order transactions and give low latency transaction receipts.

Boba is a next-generation Ethereum Layer 2 Optimistic Rollup scaling solution that reduces gas fees, improves transaction throughput, and extends the capabilities of smart contracts. Boba offers fast exits backed by community-driven liquidity pools, shrinking the Optimistic Rollup exit period from seven days to only a few minutes, while giving LPs incentivized yield farming opportunities. Boba’s extensible smart contracts will enable developers across the Ethereum ecosystem to build dApps that invoke code executed on web-scale infrastructure such as AWS Lambda, making it possible to use algorithms that are either too expensive or impossible to execute on-chain. We’re building Boba in a way that puts our users and developers first. Our goal is to build a pragmatic L2 that is the first step towards opening Ethereum to the next Billion users. Join us on our mission and help grow the community.

Write Ethereum-compatible smart contracts in popular programming languages, & run them much faster, on Substrate. A decentralized open source business model funded by developer treasuries on participating blockchains. All existing Ethereum smart contracts work on ParaState’s Ewasm VM (Pallet SSVM) without any change. ParaState expands the developer ecosystem by supporting 20+ programming languages to create Ethereum-compatible smart contracts. Examples include generic programming languages such as Solidity, Fe, Rust, and JavaScript, and domain-specific languages (DSLs) such as MOVE, DeepSEA, and Marlowe. Substrate-based blockchains, such as Polkadot parachains, already enjoy much higher TPS (transactions per second) than Ethereum. For a smart contract platform, compute performance is more important than TPS throughput. Try deploying smart contracts on ParaState.

Milkomeda delivers rollup technologies to leading Layer 1 ecosystems by offering the most popular smart contracting language, Solidity, while enhancing inter-blockchain interoperability, user experience, and developer traction all at the Layer 2 level. Implementing the core foundation for non-EVM ecosystems to experience the benefits of both rollups and Solidity. Broader selection of dApps by allowing devs to port over existing projects from Ethereum. Move faster and cheaper while still accessing tooling and expertise from core development to security auditing. Our goal is to leverage the power of rollups for all chains, with audits at key points in the roadmap to ensure security of the protocol. Milkomeda can scale to hundreds of transactions per second without sacrificing long-term decentralization.We collaborate with wallets so that the experience of moving assets to Milkomeda is a breeze.

Meter is a high performance infrastructure that allows smart contracts to scale and travel seamlessly through heterogeneous blockchain networks. Meter is a Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchain protocol. The Meter system consists of two tokens: MTRG, the governance token (eMTRG is the ERC20 version), and MTR, the low-volatility currency token. Financial assets should flow freely among blockchains. Meter’s HotStuff-based consensus allows 1000s of validator nodes, making Meter the most decentralized Layer 2 for Ethereum. Meter processes thousands of transactions per second and transactions are confirmed almost instantly. Meter Passport allows assets and smart contracts travel and communicate across heterogeneous blockchains for the best price, liquidity and yield. Meter is an Ethereum Compatible with unique enhancements. Unlike other Layer 2, DEXes build on Meter are front running/MEV resistant, fast and uncensorable.

Truebit is a blockchain enhancement which enables smart contracts to securely perform complex computations in standard programming languages at reduced gas costs. While smart contracts can perform small computations correctly, large computation tasks pose security risks for blockchains. Truebit counteracts this shortcoming via a trustless, retrofitting oracle which correctly performs computational tasks. Any smart contract can issue a computation task to this oracle in the form of WebAssembly bytecode, while anonymous “miners” receive rewards for correctly solving the task. The oracle’s protocol guarantees correctness in two layers: a unanimous consensus layer where anyone can object to faulty solutions, and an on-chain mechanism which incentivizes participation and ensures fair remuneration. These components formally manifest themselves through a combination of novel, off-chain architecture and on-chain smart contracts.

Polkadot is a blockchain network being built to enable Web 3.0, a decentralized and fair internet where users control their own data and markets prosper from network efficiency and security. Polkadot was founded in 2016 by Gavin Wood, former Co-Founder and CTO of Ethereum. Polkadot’s technology addresses the major issues that have stymied blockchain adoption in recent years. Polkadot’s software development toolkit, Substrate, created by Parity Technologies, makes it easy for blockchain developers to build their own custom, fit-for-use blockchains. Polkadot also enables multiple blockchains to communicate between each other, allows for easy upgradeability, and introduces “shared security”, a plug-and-play network security model that allows developers to focus on the technology and avoid spending time and resources recruiting a set of operators to run a new blockchain.

Stacks makes Bitcoin programmable, enabling decentralized apps and smart contracts that inherit all of Bitcoin’s powers. Build apps and smart contracts on Bitcoin. Stacks connects to Bitcoin, enabling you to build apps, smart contracts, and digital assets that are integrated with Bitcoin's security, capital, and network. Lock your STX temporarily to support the network’s security and consensus. As a reward, you’ll earn Bitcoin that miners transfer as part of Proof of Transfer. Stacks makes Bitcoin's $760B of capital programmable with smart contracts. Build a better financial system on top of Bitcoin that’s open, composable, and without intermediaries. Run your app’s logic on the blockchain with Clarity smart contracts. Clarity is a more secure and predictable language that prevents many bugs and exploits. Perfect for high-stakes code where bugs are not an option.

As a privacy-conscious network, Trinity adopts multiple technologies to protect data security and enhance privacy protection for users. Trinity state channel allows multiple transactions to be made off-chain swiftly. Trinity protocol is entirely open-sourced, and developers are able to create their own product using the protocol. Trinity is a universal off-chain scaling solution, which aims to achieve real-time payments with low transaction fees, scalability and privacy protection for mainchain assets. Using state channel technology, Trinity will significantly increase the transaction throughput of underlying chains as well as the assets on smart contracts. TNC cross-chain converter facilitates the data and value flow between multiple chains. Trinity will be a fully autonomous and decentralized performance-enhancing network for the entire ecosystem and provides all-round support to dApps on bottom layer chains in the future.

Loom Network provides developers the scalability and usability they need to build high-performance user-facing DApps today. With seamless integrations to Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Chain, and all major blockchains, deploying once to Loom lets you future-proof your DApps by reaching the largest number of users possible. Loom Network is a multichain interop platform live in production since early 2018. Optimized for scaling high-performance DApps that require a fast and smooth user experience, the network allows DApps to offer a UX comparable to traditional applications and onboard new users without the friction of needing to download crypto wallet software. This allows developers to integrate assets from all major chains, as well as build a DApp only once and offer it to users on all platforms simultaneously. The token is also used by developers to pay for DApp hosting on Loom Network. Unlike Ethereum, developers pay a flat monthly fee to host their DApps on Loom.

Anchor Protocol allows Terra stablecoin deposits to earn stable yield, powered by block rewards of leading proof-of-stake blockchains. Terra stablecoins offer instant settlements, low fees and seamless cross-border exchange - loved by millions of users and merchants. Mirror Protocol allows the creation of fungible assets, “synthetics”, that track the price of real world assets. Mirror synthetics are intended to be used as key building blocks in smart contracts, and to bring the world’s assets to the blockchain. Build smart contracts in Rust, Go, or AssemblyScript. Run on multiple chains, connected by the Cosmos IBC. Use Terra stablecoins, onchain swaps, layer 1 oracles as primitives. Expose dApp userbases to Terra's payment services in a permissionless fashion. Terra aims to make its stablecoins available to every developer on every blockchain. Now live on Ethereum and Solana, and coming to more soon.

Scale your DApp to Polkadot with Acala, an Ethereum-compatible smart contract platform optimized for DeFi. Acala is the decentralized finance network and liquidity hub of Polkadot. It’s a layer-1 smart contract platform that’s scalable, Ethereum-compatible, and optimized for DeFi with built-in liquidity and ready-made financial applications. With its trustless exchange, decentralized stablecoin (aUSD), DOT Liquid Staking (LDOT), and EVM+, Acala lets developers access the best of Ethereum and the full power of substrate. Access DOT-based assets and derivatives, Polkadot-native decentralized stablecoin, Polkadot ecosystem assets, and cross-chain assets from Bitcoin, Ethereum and beyond. Acala’s chain is customized for DeFi and can continue to upgrade without forks to integrate new features requested from developers. For example, on-chain ‘keepers’ automate protocol execution to better manage risks and improve user experience, or transaction fees payable with virtually any token.

Polygon (previously Matic Network) is a protocol and a framework for building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Ethereum is the blockchain development platform of choice, but it has limitations. Polygon - a protocol and a framework for building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. One-click deployment of preset blockchain networks. Growing set of modules for developing custom networks. Interoperability protocol for exchanging arbitrary messages with Ethereum and other blockchain networks. Modular and optional “security as a service”. Adaptor modules for enabling interoperability for existing blockchain networks. Polygon combines the best of Ethereum and sovereign blockchains into an attractive feature set. Built by developers, for developers.

The new scalability stack for Ethereum. Instant transactions and scalable smart contracts. Optimism is a Public Benefit Corporation (PBC): a for-profit corporation intended to produce a public benefit and operate in a responsible and sustainable manner. This means that we are obligated to balance the pecuniary interests of our stockholders with the best interests of those materially affected by our conduct, as well as a specific "public benefit charter" we incorporated with. The specific public benefit purpose of the Company is to enhance and enshrine fair access to public goods on the internet through the development of open source software. This charter represents our pledge to the Ethereum community to uphold its values by producing infrastructure which promotes the growth and sustainability of an ecosystem of public goods.

Bitcoin Lightning Network. Instant Payments. Lightning-fast blockchain payments without worrying about block confirmation times. Security is enforced by blockchain smart-contracts without creating a on-blockchain transaction for individual payments. Payment speed measured in milliseconds to seconds. Scalability. Capable of millions to billions of transactions per second across the network. Capacity blows away legacy payment rails by many orders of magnitude. Attaching payment per action/click is now possible without custodians. Low Cost. By transacting and settling off-blockchain, the Lightning Network allows for exceptionally low fees, which allows for emerging use cases such as instant micropayments. Cross Blockchains. Cross-chain atomic swaps can occur off-chain instantly with heterogeneous blockchain consensus rules. So long as the chains can support the same cryptographic hash function, it is possible to make transactions across blockchains.

Godwoken is an optimistic rollup ultimately inheriting security from Layer 1. Godwoken provides instant transaction finality with low fees and a completely Ethereum compatible environment on Nervos. With Nervos, Ethereum blockchain developers will be able to port dApps seamlessly, allowing them to be part of the next generation DeFi ecosystem. Godwoken in an inherently multi-chain solution utilizing advanced account abstraction that allows for flexible wallet support, or traditional user accounts, for an internet-like experience. Cross-chain assets such as ETH and ERC-20 tokens can be utilized on deployed dApps through Nervos' Force Bridge.

Stake on Ethereum’s first private computer and earn. Staking with Keep is the best way to back a truly decentralized network and the future of DeFi. Privacy-focused infrastructure for the public blockchain. The Keep network allows private data to be used on public protocols without sacrificing confidentiality. Keep is the only protocol that is truly decentralized. “Keeps” are off-chain containers that allow contracts to use private data without exposing the data to the public blockchain. The Keep network stores data with the highest level of encryption. Keep and tBTC have been audited by the strongest firms in the ecosystem. Learn more about staking on the Keep network to earn rewards and secure the network. Keep is a privacy layer that enables private data to be leveraged on public blockchains without compromising security or confidentiality. Keep is the network behind tBTC, the first secure and decentralized tokenized bitcoin on Ethereum.

An open source community dedicated to scaling Bitcoin, especially its proof-of-work security, to meet global needs and emerging use cases, while sticking as close as possible to Bitcoin's original ideals. Syscoin's evolution across ten years of main net and the foresight reflected in its design means the project has a head-start providing a comprehensive network and protocol for projects aiming to achieve Bitcoin L2. Syscoin is a mainnet Bitcoin L2 that provides a data availability protocol that scales, making EVM and AltVM rollups on Bitcoin a reality. Merge-mined by a majority of Bitcoin's hash rate, Syscoin anchors rollups to Bitcoin's own proof-of-work and works with rollups’ existing sequencer architectures. Syscoin provides Bitcoin with a scalable data availability layer which is necessary for rollups (and other EVM or AltVM layers) to tap into Bitcoin's network in a safe and scalable way.

Mode is the Ethereum L2 that rewards you for growing the network via new economic mechanisms. Mode is building a new on-chain economy that rewards contribution to network growth. Developers earn a proportion of sequencer fees that go through their contracts. Mode’s smart treasury will power automated rewards across the ecosystem. Mode is built on the modular OP stack and is a member of the super chain alongside base and OP mainnet. Experience seamless, user-centric blockchain engagement on the mode network with mode name service. The mode bridge allows you to transfer your assets between L1 and mode.

Base is a secure, low-cost, developer-friendly Ethereum L2 built to bring the next billion users to web3. Base is built with the security and scalability you need to power your dapps. It leverages the underlying security of Ethereum and lets you confidently onramp into Base from Coinbase, Ethereum L1, and other interoperable chains. Get the EVM environment at a fraction of the cost. Get early access to Ethereum features like Account Abstraction (ERC4337), simple developer APIs for gasless transactions, and smart contract wallets. Base is built on Optimism’s open-source OP Stack. Base is the easy way for decentralized apps to leverage Coinbase’s products and distribution. Seamless Coinbase integrations, easy fiat onramps, and access to the Coinbase ecosystem, which has 110M verified users and $80B assets on platform.

The first layer 2 for NFTs on Ethereum. Zero gas fees, instant trades and scalability for games, applications, marketplaces, without compromise. The future of asset trading is digital. We’re ensuring NFTs are traded in an open, decentralized ecosystem, secured by Ethereum. Zero gas fees for peer to peer trading. Set your own trading fees. No custodial risk; users keep their private keys. Massive scalability up to 9,000+ TPS. Not a centralized sidechain. Supports ERC-20 and ERC-721 Secured by Ethereum. A true L2 inheriting security of L1. Fast-track your product with Immutable X Mint, a secure way to create and distribute assets on a massive scale. Create ERC-721 and ERC-20 tokens. Designed for single and bulk minting. Zero gas costs. Assets tradable instantly. Same security as mainnet Ethereum.We'll help onboard your team, provide technical consulting on critical integrations, and advise on best practices to help you get up and running.

Edgeware is a platform for the next generation of decentralized applications. On Edgeware, Ethereum developers can deploy Solidity/EVM smart contracts with few or no changes, while new developers can get started with Rust and WebAssembly. Builders and organizers can find a place in one of Edgeware’s many collectives funded by the on-chain treasury to expand the network and explore new ideas. The treasury and chain are governed by a fairly-launched, widely distributed set of stakeholders established during the lockdrop, one of the largest Ethereum token generation events in 2018. With Edgeware you own your identity, control your data and can engage in the community using your real name or as an anonymous contributor. As you contribute you can develop a reputation through a range of achievements that attribute value to your profile and signal your value to the community.

Technology that enables frictionless finance. We are the technology company that built and developed the world’s first open, permissionless, pure proof-of-stake blockchain protocol that, without forking, provides the necessary security, scalability, and decentralization needed for today’s economy. With an award-winning team, we enable traditional finance and decentralized financial businesses to embrace the world of frictionless finance. Advanced technology paving the way for sophisticated applications. Comprehensive smart contract capabilities enable DeFi solutions and dApps that can scale to billions of users, tens of millions of daily transactions, with negligible transaction fees. Algorand Standard Assets are standard blockchain assets with customizable options, directly in Layer-1. Secure transfers and immediate transaction settlement for multiparty transactions built in Layer-1. Enabling enterprise to embrace decentralized finance.

Run your dApps in a decentralized modular cloud built for real-world needs and configured for your requirements. SKALE Networks's modular protocol is one of the first of its kind to allow developers to easily provision highly configurable blockchains, which provide the benefits of decentralization without compromising on computation, storage, or security. Elastic blockchains are highly performant, decentralized, configurable, Ethereum compatible, and use the latest breakthroughs in modern cryptography to provide provable security. The standard for security in distributed systems, BFT guarantees that the network can reach consensus even when up to one third of participants are malicious. Following the same model as the Internet, this protocol recognizes latencies of nodes and the network, allowing messages to take an indefinite period of time to deliver. BLS Threshold Signatures enable efficient interchain communication and support randomness in node allocation.

COMBO is a leading provider of scaling solutions for Web3 game development. By leveraging the world's top game engine, COMBO is building an open source, decentralized, game-oriented protocol that is accessible to everyone. It aims to maximize the potential of Web3 games by connecting game developers with the entire ecosystem in an efficient, affordable, and secure way. COMBO has built full-fledged partnerships with leading Web3 infrastructure projects to provide comprehensive development toolchains and built-in game engines. These advanced tools can help game developers to easily get into the Web3 world, and simplify and accelerate their game development process. By applying optimistic rollup, we can achieve more than 5,000 TPS while keeping the gas prices as low as 0.000000008 Gwei. COMBO has built full-fledged partnerships with leading Web3 infrastructure projects to provide comprehensive development toolchains and built-in game engines.

Harmony is an open and fast blockchain. Our mainnet runs Ethereum applications with 2-second transaction finality and 100 times lower fees. Harmony’s secure bridges offer cross-chain asset transfers with Ethereum, Binance and other chains. Harmony serves as a platform for creators to connect with their community. Harmony’s bridges can connect any Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake chains. Our FlyClient architecture are fully trustless and highly gas-efficient. Currently, our bridges for Ethereum and Binance Smart Chain secure tens of millions cross-chain assets. Developers simply change Chain ID and enjoy faster EVM executions identical at the bytecode level. They can use their familiar and standard Web3 tooling to easily migrate to Harmony. What about users? They can continue to use MetaMask or Ledger — but now pay minimal fees. Any Ethereum wallets or portals can work on Harmony without code changes or new installs.

The last original Layer 1 blockchain project is launching a revolutionary public network that provides a limitless environment for smart contracts that run at web speed, serve web, scale, and reduce compute costs by a million times or more. Build everything from DeFi, to mass market tokenized social media services that run on-chain, or extend Ethereum dapps. Chase the blockchain singularity. Limitless blockchain with the power, speed and scale of the Internet. Build tokenized mass market social media services exclusively from smart contracts.

Scroll is designed by and for Ethereum developers. A swift, reliable and scalable Layer 2 blockchain, Scroll extends Ethereum's capabilities, enabling apps to scale without any surprises. Thanks to bytecode-level compatibility, existing Ethereum apps can migrate onto Scroll as-is, and at a significantly reduced cost. Our open development approach combines the best ideas among value-aligned contributors and leads to more secure and better-designed systems. Scroll is forging a community-driven path to redefine and evolve Ethereum’s roadmap. Scroll uses advanced zero-knowledge-proof technology, battle-tested EVM models, and rigorous audits to ensure that our foundation is rooted in security and reliability. By prioritizing code security through open source collaboration, Scroll protects our developers and users against vulnerabilities.

Darwinia Network provides an entrance to the Polkadot ecology for projects that have been deployed on public blockchains such as Ethereum and BSC. Darwinia Smart App is compatible with the Ethereum virtual machine, and supports DApps such as Defi and NFT, which can be easily migrated to Polkadot. Darwinia network can bring users a very high-quality experience, including very low transaction fees and ultra-fast transaction confirmation speed. Darwinia Network has a sound governance system where all token holders can submit proposals. Upgrades to the network are coordinated on-chain and enacted autonomously, ensuring that Darwinia’s development reflects the values of the community and avoids stagnation. The native tokens for Darwinia Network are RING, KTON. KTON is a derivative commitment token of RING, which encourages long-term involvement. Darwinia Network is a blockchain technology company, established in Singapore, 2018.

Shiden Network is a multi-chain decentralized application layer on Kusama Network. Kusama Relaychain does not support smart contract functionality by design - Kusama Network needs a smart contract layer. This is where Shiden Network comes in. Shiden supports Ethereum Virtual Machine, WebAssembly, and Layer2 solutions from day one. The platform supports various applications like DeFi, NFTs and more. SDN token holders can stake their tokens on favorite dApps so that both nominators and the dApps developer can earn SDN tokens. If you are trying to deploy Solidity smart contracts, you have 2 ways to compile your smart contract: using Ethereum tools, or using Solang (a Solidity to WASM compiler). After compiling your contract, you can deploy it on our testnet, Dusty Network.

DAppChain is TRON's sidechain project. The goal is to help DApps to operate on TRON with lower energy consumption, faster speed and enhanced safety, providing unlimited capacity for TRON's main network. High throughput is achieved by improving the TPS in TRON, which has surpassed Bitcoin and Ethereum, to a daily-use practical degree. Applications are given a wider variety of ways to be deployed in TRON because of its scalability and highly effective smart contract. It can support enormous numbers of users. More reliable network structure, user asset, intrinsic value and a higher degree of decentralization consensus come with an improved rewards distribution mechanism. A decentralized trading platform under Poloniex, formerly known as TRON's largest decentralized trading platform TRXMarket, and for long ranked among Top 5 in TRON's DApp ecosystem in terms of trading volume.

Hedera is owned and governed by the world's leading organizations. Hedera is the most used enterprise-grade public network for you to make your digital world exactly as it should be – yours. HBAR is the native, energy-efficient cryptocurrency of Hedera that powers the decentralized economy. Whether you're a startup or enterprise, a creator or consumer, Hedera goes beyond blockchain for developers to create the next era of fast, fair, and secure applications. Bitcoin pioneered decentralized infrastructure and Ethereum brought programmability. But earlier proof-of-work blockchains consume massive amounts of energy and process transactions slowly in order to achieve acceptable levels of security. Heavy bandwidth consumption by these technologies leads to expensive fees, even for a simple cryptocurrency transaction. The Hedera proof-of-stake public network, powered by hashgraph consensus, achieves the highest-grade of security possible (ABFT).

Celer Network is a layer-2 scaling platform that brings fast, secure and low-cost blockchain applications on Ethereum, Polkadot and other blockchains to mass adoption. Celer launched the world’s first Generalized State Channel Network and continues to push the frontier of layer2 scaling with advanced Rollup technology. Core applications and middlewares like cBridge, Layer2.Finance and more ecosystem applications built on Celer have attracted more large audiences in DeFi, blockchain interoperability and gaming space. Layer2.Finance tackles the two largest challenges preventing DeFi from reaching mass adoption, the extraordinarily high transaction fees and being very difficult to navigate and use. cBridge is a multi-chain network that enables instant, low-cost and ANY-to-ANY value transfers within and across Ethereum’s layer-2 chains, Ethereum main chain and in the future, other layer-1s, and layer-2 on top of those other layer-1 chains.

The only Ethereum L2 with native yield for ETH and stablecoins. Blast yield comes from ETH staking and RWA protocols. The yield from these decentralized protocols is passed back to Blast users automatically. The default interest rate on other L2s is 0%. Our goal as contributors is to grow the on-chain economy with the highest-yield L2 possible. Community members who join our mission will have the opportunity to earn the Blast Airdrop. Blast only became possible this year following Ethereum's Shanghai upgrade. ETH yield from L1 staking, initially Lido, is automatically transferred to users via rebasing ETH on the L2.

Carbon is a cross-chain protocol that acts as a building block for DeFi. Carbon protocol allows anyone to bootstrap open financial markets for any asset type, on any blockchain. Carbon powers Demex, a popular, fully decentralized exchange for trading a plethora of financial instruments. Powers interoperability between blockchains like Ethereum, Cosmos, BSC, Neo and Zilliqa with true cross-chain liquidity pools through the PolyNetwork bridge. Supports any DeFi innovation with native support of crypto derivatives, Balancer-style liquidity pools, AMMs, on-chain order books and more. Custom-built using Cosmos-SDK and secured by a large network of validators through Tendermint PoS for trustless and safe transactions. Powers interoperability between blockchains like Ethereum, Cosmos, BSC, Neo and Zilliqa with true cross-chain liquidity pools through the PolyNetwork bridge.

Merlin Chain will bring innovation and utilities on Layer2 with those native Layer1 assets. Merlin Chain offers low fees and high scalability as an EVM-compatible chain, ensuring swift transaction processing and enhancing transaction liquidity. Merlin Chain supports popular Bitcoin protocols such as BRC20, BRC420, Bitmap, Atomicals, Pipe, Stamp, and more, enabling a more extensive user base to interact on Bitcoin Layer2. Merlin Chain has implemented ZK-Rollup to enhance efficiency and scalability, with sequencer nodes responsibly managing data transmission via decentralized Oracles, ensuring transparency and security. Merlin Chain continues its commitment to fair launches and community-driven native innovations on Layer2, dedicated to delivering unique solutions designed for the Bitcoin network and its users.

The Hoo Smart Chain (HSC) Platform is a unified infrastructure platform based on the Hoo Group's technical, traffic and ecosystem resources and will be gradually open to the blockchain industry. It will make the construction of decentralized applications more efficient and cost-effective and provide comprehensive empowerment in promotion, traffic, and resources. HSC will give global developers a series of diverse, innovative facilities and services. Hoo Smart Chain is a decentralized, high-efficiency, and energy-saving public chain and the Hoo organization's first product. It is compatible with smart contracts and supports high-performance transactions. The endogenous HOO Token and also adopts the PoSA consensus mechanism. HSC will continue to improve the efficiency of Ethereum by sidechain and empower the decentralized ecosystem

65% of The Value of Blockchain Tokens is Inaccessible to Decentralized Applications. That changes now. Introducing Flare: The world's first Turing complete FBA network. Scalable and doesn’t base safety on a native token. No risk of safety degradation from competing uses of native token. Integrates Ethereum Virtual Machine. Deep pool of developer talent and easier integration of existing projects. Low transaction costs. Applications can scale without users incurring burdensome costs. Flare (FLR): Flare’s native token. Collateral for the trustless issuance of assets from non-Turing complete chains. Starting with XRP, XLM, Litecoin and Dogecoin. Contributes to the Flare time series oracle. Gain yield for securing the price function on Flare. Contributes to network governance. F-Assets: Bringing Turing complete smart contracts to each integrated chain. Trustlessly originated from and settled back to each integrated network.

A Proof-of-Stake chain utilizing secure JavaScript smart contracts to rapidly build and deploy DeFi. Save time by using our pre-built smart contract components and dapps. They’re secure, composable, and let you get your project out the door pronto. Agoric offers a library of reusable, composable components coded by experienced community members just like you. Use familiar tooling to build smart contracts in secure JavaScript. As you grow, be confident your hiring pool of experienced developers won't run dry! By eliminating categories of complex security bugs, Agoric provides builders with a safer environment to quickly harden your contracts. We’ve been working in smart contracts for decades, since long before it was called a blockchain. Agoric was founded on open-source principles optimized for a booming, collaborative, public economy. Agoric components help keep your focus on building your application, not on complex protocol integrations and third-party code.

RSK the safest smart contract blockchain platform secured by the Bitcoin Network. Bitcoin is the greatest DeFi opportunity and fully enabled on RSK, the most secure smart contract platform in the world. Bitcoin users now can lend, borrow, trade and earn interest on their Bitcoin. The future of finance is decentralized. RSK is the most secure contract platform in the world. RSK’s Contracts goal is to add value and functionality to the bitcoin Contracts ecosystem by enabling smart contracts, near instant Contracts payments, and higher scalability. RSK Blockchain is connected to Bitcoin through Merged Contracts Mining and the two-way peg also known as the bridge. Built on top of RSK, RIF aims to create the building blocks to construct a fully decentralized internet to enable Decentralized Sharing Economies in order to empower and protect the value of individuals through identity, payments, storage, communications, gateways services and the marketplace.

Verse is a censorship resistant, front running resistant, high performance interconnected cloud for next gen DAO and DeFi. Less governance cost compared to DAOs on ETH enabling our ecosystem to track more valuable data. Record on-chain governance activities and bring off-chain social participation data on-chain from native forums and popular social mediums. STPT Holders are allowed to vote on key proposals in the ecosystem. Serves as gas fees for transaction and smart contract execution. Tuning collateralization ratio functions, price curve, and parameters such as different weightings on asset properties. A full suite of native tools and infrastructure built on Verse facilitates efficient decentralized decision-making for users, communities and organizations.

The first-ever USD stable blockchain and multi-chain staking token. The xDai chain is a stable payments blockchain designed for fast and inexpensive transactions. The chain uses a unique dual-token model; xDai is a stable token used for transactions, payments, and fees, and STAKE is a governance token used to support the underlying POSDAO Proof-of-Stake consensus. xDai Bridges provide the seamless ability to move tokens between chains using the unique TokenBridge Architecture. Tokens and arbitrary messages can also be passed across chain. The xDai ecosystem continues to flourish with many new project migrations, integrations, applications, and a mature toolset for developers. Explore the depth of the xDai ecosystem in the Project & DApps section.

Manta Pacific leverages Celestia and a modified OP stack to deliver a cutting-edge technical infrastructure offering extraordinary scalability paired with low gas fees. Combined with Manta Pacific's universal circuits, Manta Pacific delivers an unrivaled environment for building and deploying ZK applications and dApps. From DeFi to gaming to social, apps deploying on Manta are designed to bring the best experience and value to real users. The Manta ecosystem grants program is designed to explore and grow new and valuable use cases to solve pain points faced by real users. Manta Network’s zkSBTs allow users to verify in a trustless, decentralized manner without exposing any details. zkSBTs such as the zkBAB and zkGalxe passports deliver a seamless on-chain KYC verification without any need to scan passports or enter sensitive personal information.