Alternatives to SKALE
Compare SKALE alternatives for your business or organization using the curated list below. SourceForge ranks the best alternatives to SKALE in 2024. Compare features, ratings, user reviews, pricing, and more from SKALE competitors and alternatives in order to make an informed decision for your business.
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Meter
Decentralized Finance Labs
Meter is a high performance infrastructure that allows smart contracts to scale and travel seamlessly through heterogeneous blockchain networks. Meter is a Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchain protocol. The Meter system consists of two tokens: MTRG, the governance token (eMTRG is the ERC20 version), and MTR, the low-volatility currency token. Financial assets should flow freely among blockchains. Meter’s HotStuff-based consensus allows 1000s of validator nodes, making Meter the most decentralized Layer 2 for Ethereum. Meter processes thousands of transactions per second and transactions are confirmed almost instantly. Meter Passport allows assets and smart contracts travel and communicate across heterogeneous blockchains for the best price, liquidity and yield. Meter is an Ethereum Compatible with unique enhancements. Unlike other Layer 2, DEXes build on Meter are front running/MEV resistant, fast and uncensorable. -
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Raiden Network
Raiden Network
The Raiden Network is an off-chain scaling solution, enabling near-instant, low-fee and scalable payments. It’s complementary to the Ethereum blockchain and works with any ERC20 compatible token. The Raiden project is work in progress. Its goal is to research state channel technology, define protocols and develop reference implementations. The Raiden Network is an infrastructure layer on top of the Ethereum blockchain. While the basic idea is simple, the underlying protocol is quite complex and the implementation non-trivial. Nonetheless the technicalities can be abstracted away, such that developers can interface with a rather simple API to build scalable decentralized applications based on the Raiden Network. The basic idea of the Raiden Network is to avoid the blockchain consensus bottleneck. This is done by leveraging a network of payment channels which allow to securely transfer value off-chain, i.e without involving the blockchain for every transfer. -
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Unichain
Unichain
Unichain is a DeFi-native Ethereum L2, optimized to be the home for liquidity across chains. Unichain is a decentralized finance (DeFi) platform designed as an Ethereum Layer 2 solution, focused on liquidity and cost efficiency. It offers faster, cheaper transactions with 1-second block times and aims to reduce transaction fees by 20x compared to Ethereum. Built on the OP Stack, it promotes scalability, open-source innovations, and future enhancements like Provable Block Building. Unichain targets developers and users in the DeFi space, providing resources for smart contract deployment and liquidity pool creation. Informed by our experience building the world's largest decentralized trading protocol. Unichain is built on the OP stack. Technical innovations introduced by Unichain are open source, and available for any rollup to adopt. A network of full nodes monitors and verifies the actions of the sequencer, bringing faster transactions and more decentralization to Unichain. -
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Polygon (Matic)
Polygon (Matic)
Polygon (previously Matic Network) is a protocol and a framework for building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Ethereum is the blockchain development platform of choice, but it has limitations. Polygon - a protocol and a framework for building and connecting Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. One-click deployment of preset blockchain networks. Growing set of modules for developing custom networks. Interoperability protocol for exchanging arbitrary messages with Ethereum and other blockchain networks. Modular and optional “security as a service”. Adaptor modules for enabling interoperability for existing blockchain networks. Polygon combines the best of Ethereum and sovereign blockchains into an attractive feature set. Built by developers, for developers. -
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Keep Network
Keep
Stake on Ethereum’s first private computer and earn. Staking with Keep is the best way to back a truly decentralized network and the future of DeFi. Privacy-focused infrastructure for the public blockchain. The Keep network allows private data to be used on public protocols without sacrificing confidentiality. Keep is the only protocol that is truly decentralized. “Keeps” are off-chain containers that allow contracts to use private data without exposing the data to the public blockchain. The Keep network stores data with the highest level of encryption. Keep and tBTC have been audited by the strongest firms in the ecosystem. Learn more about staking on the Keep network to earn rewards and secure the network. Keep is a privacy layer that enables private data to be leveraged on public blockchains without compromising security or confidentiality. Keep is the network behind tBTC, the first secure and decentralized tokenized bitcoin on Ethereum. -
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Loopring
Loopring
Loopring is an open protocol for building scalable non-custodial exchanges on Ethereum. Leveraging zero-knowledge proofs (zkRollup), it allows for high performance trading (high throughput, low settlement cost), without sacrificing Ethereum-level security guarantees. Users always maintain 100% control of their assets throughout the trade lifecycle. You can trade on Loopring to test it out. Loopring is an open-sourced, audited, and non-custodial exchange protocol, which means nobody in the Loopring ecosystem needs to trust others. Cryptoassets are always under users' own control, with 100% Ethereum-level security guarantees. Loopring powers highly scalable decentralized exchanges by batch-processing thousands of requests off-chain, with verifiably correct execution via ZKPs. The performance of underlying blockchains is no longer the bottleneck. Loopring performs most operations, including order-matching and trade settlement, off the Ethereum blockchain. -
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Carbon Protocol
Switcheo
Carbon is a cross-chain protocol that acts as a building block for DeFi. Carbon protocol allows anyone to bootstrap open financial markets for any asset type, on any blockchain. Carbon powers Demex, a popular, fully decentralized exchange for trading a plethora of financial instruments. Powers interoperability between blockchains like Ethereum, Cosmos, BSC, Neo and Zilliqa with true cross-chain liquidity pools through the PolyNetwork bridge. Supports any DeFi innovation with native support of crypto derivatives, Balancer-style liquidity pools, AMMs, on-chain order books and more. Custom-built using Cosmos-SDK and secured by a large network of validators through Tendermint PoS for trustless and safe transactions. Powers interoperability between blockchains like Ethereum, Cosmos, BSC, Neo and Zilliqa with true cross-chain liquidity pools through the PolyNetwork bridge. -
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Mantle
Mantle
Build dApps with exceptional UX, all while relying on Ethereum's unrivaled security, with our high-performance Ethereum layer-2 network built with modular architecture. Experience high throughput with unrivaled security with Ethereum's roll-up technology — all in a familiar EVM environment. Mantle Liquidity Staking Protocol (LSP) is the second core product of Mantle ecosystem. Stake ETH and receive yield-bearing mETH (Mantle Staked Ether). As stewards of a significant treasury, and with the power to shape economic outcomes of Mantle products, we prioritize a value-oriented mindset, transparency, and accountability. -
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Milkomeda
Milkomeda
Milkomeda delivers rollup technologies to leading Layer 1 ecosystems by offering the most popular smart contracting language, Solidity, while enhancing inter-blockchain interoperability, user experience, and developer traction all at the Layer 2 level. Implementing the core foundation for non-EVM ecosystems to experience the benefits of both rollups and Solidity. Broader selection of dApps by allowing devs to port over existing projects from Ethereum. Move faster and cheaper while still accessing tooling and expertise from core development to security auditing. Our goal is to leverage the power of rollups for all chains, with audits at key points in the roadmap to ensure security of the protocol. Milkomeda can scale to hundreds of transactions per second without sacrificing long-term decentralization.We collaborate with wallets so that the experience of moving assets to Milkomeda is a breeze. -
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Hermez
Hermez
Hermez is an open-source ZK-Rollup optimized for secure, low-cost and usable token transfers on the wings of Ethereum. Hermez seamlessly integrates into the fabric of the Ethereum ecosystem and enables low-cost token transfers for an inclusive economy. Cost-efficient token transfers and swaps with high throughput. Decentralized and open-source architecture. Computational integrity for secure transactions. By using zero-knowledge technology, transfer costs are significantly reduced, allowing more accessible financial services for mainstream adoption. Computational integrity and on-chain data availability are guaranteed by zero-knowledge-proof technology while preserving the public blockchain properties of Ethereum. Hermez's mission is to create an inclusive, resilient and highly efficient payment network for the next generation of digital currencies to ensure everyone has the freedom to transact. -
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Polkadot
Polkadot
Polkadot is a blockchain network being built to enable Web 3.0, a decentralized and fair internet where users control their own data and markets prosper from network efficiency and security. Polkadot was founded in 2016 by Gavin Wood, former Co-Founder and CTO of Ethereum. Polkadot’s technology addresses the major issues that have stymied blockchain adoption in recent years. Polkadot’s software development toolkit, Substrate, created by Parity Technologies, makes it easy for blockchain developers to build their own custom, fit-for-use blockchains. Polkadot also enables multiple blockchains to communicate between each other, allows for easy upgradeability, and introduces “shared security”, a plug-and-play network security model that allows developers to focus on the technology and avoid spending time and resources recruiting a set of operators to run a new blockchain. -
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DAppChain
TRON SUN Network
DAppChain is TRON's sidechain project. The goal is to help DApps to operate on TRON with lower energy consumption, faster speed and enhanced safety, providing unlimited capacity for TRON's main network. The sidechain uses the DPoS consensus, the same as the mainchain. It supports smart contracts and almost all of the functionalities of the mainchain. TRON users can easily adapt to the sidechain, and developers can quickly migrate or develop new DApps on the sidechain. DAppChain is committed to provide all ecosystem participants with a highly flexible, well-configured, and highly customized network of multiple sidechains. This is also one of the characteristics of each sidechain in DAppChain that is different from the main chain. The resource consumption on the sidechain can be much lower. For the same transaction, the cost of resources consumed is only a fraction of the cost on the mainchain. -
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Cartesi
Cartesi
Build smart contracts with mainstream software stacks. Take a productive leap from Solidity to the vast universe of software components supported by Linux. Enable million-fold computational scalability, data availability of large files and low transaction costs. All while preserving the strong security guarantees of Ethereum. From games where players conceal their data to Enterprise applications that run on sensitive data, preserve privacy on your DApps. Descartes executes massive computational tasks off-chain, on a Linux virtual machine fully specified by a smart contract. The results of the computations are fully verifiable and enforceable on-chain by honest Descartes node runners, preserving the strong security guarantees of the underlying blockchain. Defeat the scalability limits of Ethereum, with million-fold computational gains, while preserving the strong security guarantees of the blockchain. -
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Stacks
Stacks
Stacks makes Bitcoin programmable, enabling decentralized apps and smart contracts that inherit all of Bitcoin’s powers. Build apps and smart contracts on Bitcoin. Stacks connects to Bitcoin, enabling you to build apps, smart contracts, and digital assets that are integrated with Bitcoin's security, capital, and network. Lock your STX temporarily to support the network’s security and consensus. As a reward, you’ll earn Bitcoin that miners transfer as part of Proof of Transfer. Stacks makes Bitcoin's $760B of capital programmable with smart contracts. Build a better financial system on top of Bitcoin that’s open, composable, and without intermediaries. Run your app’s logic on the blockchain with Clarity smart contracts. Clarity is a more secure and predictable language that prevents many bugs and exploits. Perfect for high-stakes code where bugs are not an option. -
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Starknet
StarkWare
Starknet is a permissionless decentralized ZK-Rollup operating as an L2 network over Ethereum, where any dApp can achieve unlimited scale for its computation, without compromising Ethereum's composability and security. Starknet achieves scale, while preserving the security of L1 Ethereum by producing STARK proofs off-chain, and verifying those proofs on-chain. On Starknet, developers can easily deploy any business logic using Starknet Contracts. Starknet will provide Ethereum-level composability, facilitating easy development and compounding innovation. The STARK Prover powers the StarkEx scalability engine, and has already demonstrated the ability to process 600K transactions in a single proof on Mainnet. -
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Trinity
Trinity Blockchain Network
As a privacy-conscious network, Trinity adopts multiple technologies to protect data security and enhance privacy protection for users. Trinity state channel allows multiple transactions to be made off-chain swiftly. Trinity protocol is entirely open-sourced, and developers are able to create their own product using the protocol. Trinity is a universal off-chain scaling solution, which aims to achieve real-time payments with low transaction fees, scalability and privacy protection for mainchain assets. Using state channel technology, Trinity will significantly increase the transaction throughput of underlying chains as well as the assets on smart contracts. TNC cross-chain converter facilitates the data and value flow between multiple chains. Trinity will be a fully autonomous and decentralized performance-enhancing network for the entire ecosystem and provides all-round support to dApps on bottom layer chains in the future. -
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DOS Network
DOS Network
Blockchain-empowered smart contracts are isolated from the internet world and cannot access external data directly. Computation within the smart contract is also excessively expensive and limited by resource capacity. A Decentralized Oracle service supporting multiple heterogeneous blockchains. DOS Network brings real-world data, event and computation power to smart contracts in a secure, reliable, efficient and scalable way. With DOS Network, many scenarios like flight delay insurance are able to achieve automatic indemnification by bringing external insured events to the on-chain insurance contract. Stablecoins and crypto derivatives require frequent usage of DOS Network to fetch real-time price feeds reliably and verifiably. DOS Network makes it easy for crypto lending platforms to get token exchange rates, import borrowers' social media data and trustlessly determine the interest rates on the fly. -
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Merlin Chain
Merlin Chain
Merlin Chain will bring innovation and utilities on Layer2 with those native Layer1 assets. Merlin Chain offers low fees and high scalability as an EVM-compatible chain, ensuring swift transaction processing and enhancing transaction liquidity. Merlin Chain supports popular Bitcoin protocols such as BRC20, BRC420, Bitmap, Atomicals, Pipe, Stamp, and more, enabling a more extensive user base to interact on Bitcoin Layer2. Merlin Chain has implemented ZK-Rollup to enhance efficiency and scalability, with sequencer nodes responsibly managing data transmission via decentralized Oracles, ensuring transparency and security. Merlin Chain continues its commitment to fair launches and community-driven native innovations on Layer2, dedicated to delivering unique solutions designed for the Bitcoin network and its users. -
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Hoo Smart Chain
Hoo
The Hoo Smart Chain (HSC) Platform is a unified infrastructure platform based on the Hoo Group's technical, traffic and ecosystem resources and will be gradually open to the blockchain industry. It will make the construction of decentralized applications more efficient and cost-effective and provide comprehensive empowerment in promotion, traffic, and resources. HSC will give global developers a series of diverse, innovative facilities and services. Hoo Smart Chain is a decentralized, high-efficiency, and energy-saving public chain and the Hoo organization's first product. It is compatible with smart contracts and supports high-performance transactions. The endogenous HOO Token and also adopts the PoSA consensus mechanism. HSC will continue to improve the efficiency of Ethereum by sidechain and empower the decentralized ecosystem -
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zkLend
zkLend
zkLend is an L2 money-market protocol built on StarkNet, combining zk-rollup scalability, superior transaction speed, and cost savings with Ethereum's security. The protocol offers a dual solution, a permissioned and compliance-focused solution for institutional clients, and a permissionless service for DeFi users, all without sacrificing decentralization. zkLend believes that truly decentralized finance must be built on chains that are not only cheap, fast, and scalable but also secure and decentralized. zkLend is built with the conviction that Ethereum is the only decentralized solution and zk is the only technology that can scale without compromising on the properties that make Ethereum so unique. zkLend is an L2 money-market protocol built on StarkNet, combining zk-rollup scalability, superior transaction speed, and cost savings with Ethereum’s security. Users will be able to deposit their assets into a reserve pool, thereby providing liquidity to each money market. -
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Loom Network
Loom
Loom Network provides developers the scalability and usability they need to build high-performance user-facing DApps today. With seamless integrations to Bitcoin, Ethereum, Binance Chain, and all major blockchains, deploying once to Loom lets you future-proof your DApps by reaching the largest number of users possible. Loom Network is a multichain interop platform live in production since early 2018. Optimized for scaling high-performance DApps that require a fast and smooth user experience, the network allows DApps to offer a UX comparable to traditional applications and onboard new users without the friction of needing to download crypto wallet software. This allows developers to integrate assets from all major chains, as well as build a DApp only once and offer it to users on all platforms simultaneously. The token is also used by developers to pay for DApp hosting on Loom Network. Unlike Ethereum, developers pay a flat monthly fee to host their DApps on Loom. -
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Arbitrum
Offchain Labs
Next generation layer 2 for Ethereum dApps. Use your favorite tools and scale your dApp at the lowest cost. An aggregator plays the same role that a node plays in Ethereum. Client software can do remote procedure calls (RPCs) to an aggregator, using the standard API, to interact with an Arbitrum chain. The aggregator will then make calls to the EthBridge and produce transaction results to the client, just as an Ethereum node would. Most clients will use an aggregator to submit their transactions to an Arbitrum chain, although this is not required. There is no limit on how many aggregators can exist, nor on who can be an aggregator. To improve efficiency, aggregators will usually package together multiple client transactions into a single message to be submitted to the Arbitrum chain. Arbitrum also supports a privileged Sequencer that can order transactions and give low latency transaction receipts. -
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DAPP Network
LiquidApps
The DAPP Network sits on top of base-layer protocols and is the first universal middleware to bridge between multiple blockchains. It provides developers with a suite of powerful services, which allows teams to deploy on multiple blockchains, accelerate their development milestones and deliver working products that solve real user problems. The first use of the DAPP Token is built to enhance one of the core functional features of the EOS blockchain, RAM - a resource that is used to store data. Manages the DAPP Tokens’ stakes which are required in order to access the vRAM System and enable its functionality. DAPP developers today are restricted in their efforts to build on EOS because they struggle to pay RAM costs and/or their dApps require RAM that far exceeds the current total supply. -
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Dogechain
Dogechain
Dogechain supercharges $Dogecoin to bring crypto applications like NFTs, games, and DeFi to the $Dogecoin community. $Dogecoin has very limited access to these applications (or any other dApps) - Dogechain fixes this. With Dogechain, Dogecoin holders can do more than simply hodl and wait for Dogecoin to moon. Dogechain users can use $Dogecoin for gas fees. Dogechain brings utility to Dogecoin users tired of simply hodling $Dogecoin. The blockchain uses POS consensus to provide cheap fees and fast transactions. Doge holders deserve to remain competitive with the latest advancements in the crypto industry. Dogechain imbues Doge with superpowers and plugs it into DeFi, NFTs, games, and more. Dogechain tokens are easily accessible on multiple top centralized and decentralized exchanges. -
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RSK
RSK Labs
RSK the safest smart contract blockchain platform secured by the Bitcoin Network. Bitcoin is the greatest DeFi opportunity and fully enabled on RSK, the most secure smart contract platform in the world. Bitcoin users now can lend, borrow, trade and earn interest on their Bitcoin. The future of finance is decentralized. RSK is the most secure contract platform in the world. RSK’s Contracts goal is to add value and functionality to the bitcoin Contracts ecosystem by enabling smart contracts, near instant Contracts payments, and higher scalability. RSK Blockchain is connected to Bitcoin through Merged Contracts Mining and the two-way peg also known as the bridge. Built on top of RSK, RIF aims to create the building blocks to construct a fully decentralized internet to enable Decentralized Sharing Economies in order to empower and protect the value of individuals through identity, payments, storage, communications, gateways services and the marketplace. -
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Simple Ledger Protocol (SLP)
Simple Ledger Protocol
Storing and managing tokens on a blockchain provides greater transparency and integrity than traditional forms of asset accounting and trading. Virtual gaming assets, licenses, digital media rights, gift cards, and company stock shares can all be tokenized. Tokens can also be sent peer-to-peer without any middleman, allowing for a new kind of decentralized digital marketplace. Simple Ledger Protocol makes this vision a reality by providing the simplest, fastest, and most liberating token system in existence. SLP tokens can easily be created, transferred, and managed on the Bitcoin Cash blockchain within seconds; costing the user only fractions of a penny for each transaction. Many systems are complicated. SLP is easy to understand, giving users confidence. Some token protocols have their own coin which you must first acquire in order to use other tokens. SLP runs directly on top of BCH. A limited set of consensus rules makes the system reliable. -
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Nervos
Nervos
Early internet applications lived on segregated networks needing different ways to access and interact. Now, in today’s decentralized world we again see this segregation into different ecosystems with poor interoperability. The Nervos Network solves for this problem by offering a suite of integrated solutions that allow the developer to build Universal Apps. Choose your interface, choose your crypto and stick with it, but still access the entire space. The frustration of multiple wallets, exchanges and seed phrases is no more with Nervos. Build on Nervos and have the ability to target any Virtual Machine (VM). Port your dApp across with ease and instantly have access to the entire blockchain ecosystem. Sustainable crypto-economics with a built-in store of value mechanism to solve some of the biggest sustainability challenges for public blockchains. -
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Lightning Network
Lightning Network
Bitcoin Lightning Network. Instant Payments. Lightning-fast blockchain payments without worrying about block confirmation times. Security is enforced by blockchain smart-contracts without creating a on-blockchain transaction for individual payments. Payment speed measured in milliseconds to seconds. Scalability. Capable of millions to billions of transactions per second across the network. Capacity blows away legacy payment rails by many orders of magnitude. Attaching payment per action/click is now possible without custodians. Low Cost. By transacting and settling off-blockchain, the Lightning Network allows for exceptionally low fees, which allows for emerging use cases such as instant micropayments. Cross Blockchains. Cross-chain atomic swaps can occur off-chain instantly with heterogeneous blockchain consensus rules. So long as the chains can support the same cryptographic hash function, it is possible to make transactions across blockchains. -
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Base
Coinbase
Base is a secure, low-cost, developer-friendly Ethereum L2 built to bring the next billion users to web3. Base is built with the security and scalability you need to power your dapps. It leverages the underlying security of Ethereum and lets you confidently onramp into Base from Coinbase, Ethereum L1, and other interoperable chains. Get the EVM environment at a fraction of the cost. Get early access to Ethereum features like Account Abstraction (ERC4337), simple developer APIs for gasless transactions, and smart contract wallets. Base is built on Optimism’s open-source OP Stack. Base is the easy way for decentralized apps to leverage Coinbase’s products and distribution. Seamless Coinbase integrations, easy fiat onramps, and access to the Coinbase ecosystem, which has 110M verified users and $80B assets on platform.Starting Price: Free -
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Omni
Omni
Omni is a platform for creating and trading custom digital assets and currencies. It is a software layer built on top of the most popular, most audited, most secure blockchain - Bitcoin. Omni transactions are Bitcoin transactions that enable next-generation features on the Bitcoin Blockchain. Our reference implementation, Omni Core is an enhanced Bitcoin core that provides all the features of Bitcoin as well as advanced Omni Layer features. With Omni it's simple to create tokens to represent custom currencies or assets and to transact these via the Bitcoin blockchain. The power and simplicity offered by Omni has helped to make it the leading Bitcoin based token protocol. Decentralized crowdfunding is easy with Omni. Crowdsale participants can send bitcoins or tokens directly to an issuer address and the Omni Layer automatically delivers the crowdfunded tokens to the sender in return - all without needing to trust a third party. -
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Godwoken
Nervos Network
Godwoken is an optimistic rollup ultimately inheriting security from Layer 1. Godwoken provides instant transaction finality with low fees and a completely Ethereum compatible environment on Nervos. With Nervos, Ethereum blockchain developers will be able to port dApps seamlessly, allowing them to be part of the next generation DeFi ecosystem. Godwoken in an inherently multi-chain solution utilizing advanced account abstraction that allows for flexible wallet support, or traditional user accounts, for an internet-like experience. Cross-chain assets such as ETH and ERC-20 tokens can be utilized on deployed dApps through Nervos' Force Bridge. -
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Mode Network
Mode Network
Mode is the Ethereum L2 that rewards you for growing the network via new economic mechanisms. Mode is building a new on-chain economy that rewards contribution to network growth. Developers earn a proportion of sequencer fees that go through their contracts. Mode’s smart treasury will power automated rewards across the ecosystem. Mode is built on the modular OP stack and is a member of the super chain alongside base and OP mainnet. Experience seamless, user-centric blockchain engagement on the mode network with mode name service. The mode bridge allows you to transfer your assets between L1 and mode. -
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Truebit
Truebit
Truebit is a blockchain enhancement which enables smart contracts to securely perform complex computations in standard programming languages at reduced gas costs. While smart contracts can perform small computations correctly, large computation tasks pose security risks for blockchains. Truebit counteracts this shortcoming via a trustless, retrofitting oracle which correctly performs computational tasks. Any smart contract can issue a computation task to this oracle in the form of WebAssembly bytecode, while anonymous “miners” receive rewards for correctly solving the task. The oracle’s protocol guarantees correctness in two layers: a unanimous consensus layer where anyone can object to faulty solutions, and an on-chain mechanism which incentivizes participation and ensures fair remuneration. These components formally manifest themselves through a combination of novel, off-chain architecture and on-chain smart contracts. -
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Perun
PolyCrypt
Perun is an off-chain framework that supports real-time payments as well as complex business logic and supercharges any existing blockchain. Perun connects people across multiple blockchains, allowing interoperability between different currencies and blockchain networks. Transactions are instant, energy efficient and cheap to enable massively increased throughput by applying Layer-2-Technology. Virtual channel technology can keep your transaction data private and is continually proven secure to guarantee state-of-the-art procedures. Perun supports payments over NFC and Bluetooth without an active internet connection. The first component of Perun’s off-chain framework are State Channels. State Channels allow users to execute massive amounts transactions off-chain, while the security is backed by the underlying blockchain. The soundness of our protocols has been analyzed with cutting edge methods of cryptographic research. -
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Celer Network
Celer
Celer Network is a layer-2 scaling platform that brings fast, secure and low-cost blockchain applications on Ethereum, Polkadot and other blockchains to mass adoption. Celer launched the world’s first Generalized State Channel Network and continues to push the frontier of layer2 scaling with advanced Rollup technology. Core applications and middlewares like cBridge, Layer2.Finance and more ecosystem applications built on Celer have attracted more large audiences in DeFi, blockchain interoperability and gaming space. Layer2.Finance tackles the two largest challenges preventing DeFi from reaching mass adoption, the extraordinarily high transaction fees and being very difficult to navigate and use. cBridge is a multi-chain network that enables instant, low-cost and ANY-to-ANY value transfers within and across Ethereum’s layer-2 chains, Ethereum main chain and in the future, other layer-1s, and layer-2 on top of those other layer-1 chains. -
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Accumulate
Accumulate
Accumulate is a new kind of blockchain protocol that is organized completely around identities. Accumulate Digital Identifiers (ADIs) can be assigned to organizations, devices people, or things. Accumulate’s multi-chain architecture enables greater throughput. The interconnected network of chains results in 70,000 transactions per second (TPS) which makes it one of the fastest protocols. Key hierarchies enable enterprise-grade security. Accumulate users can rotate, recreate, and reassign private keys when necessary. Using key hierarchies results in greater safety of assets. -
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Liquidity Network
Liquidity Network
Liquidity is a significantly better account to manage your money and crypto coins better, wherever you are, whoever you are. Unlike banks, we can't freeze your money, we speak to our customers like humans, we don’t add hidden fees and we put technology and research at the heart of everything we do. User security is the priority, users are always in control of their funds. Liquidity Network's transaction throughput is not bound by the blockchain. Liquidity Network enables gasless transfers and swaps. Intuitive API for developers to build usable dApps. Based on peer-reviewed research, our work is publicly available, to introduce a secure and scalable solution to the community. Liquidity Network's smart contracts are completely open-source under GNU General Public License v3.0. LQD is the main utility token used to pay for Liquidity Network’s services. Think instant transfers, direct spending notifications, swapping cryptocurrencies and an easy way to spend and send to friends. -
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Blast
Blast
The only Ethereum L2 with native yield for ETH and stablecoins. Blast yield comes from ETH staking and RWA protocols. The yield from these decentralized protocols is passed back to Blast users automatically. The default interest rate on other L2s is 0%. Our goal as contributors is to grow the on-chain economy with the highest-yield L2 possible. Community members who join our mission will have the opportunity to earn the Blast Airdrop. Blast only became possible this year following Ethereum's Shanghai upgrade. ETH yield from L1 staking, initially Lido, is automatically transferred to users via rebasing ETH on the L2. -
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ParaState
ParaState
Write Ethereum-compatible smart contracts in popular programming languages, & run them much faster, on Substrate. A decentralized open source business model funded by developer treasuries on participating blockchains. All existing Ethereum smart contracts work on ParaState’s Ewasm VM (Pallet SSVM) without any change. ParaState expands the developer ecosystem by supporting 20+ programming languages to create Ethereum-compatible smart contracts. Examples include generic programming languages such as Solidity, Fe, Rust, and JavaScript, and domain-specific languages (DSLs) such as MOVE, DeepSEA, and Marlowe. Substrate-based blockchains, such as Polkadot parachains, already enjoy much higher TPS (transactions per second) than Ethereum. For a smart contract platform, compute performance is more important than TPS throughput. Try deploying smart contracts on ParaState. -
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Suterusu
Suterusu
Millions of transactions are taking place on blockchain everyday, but people have to expose individual privacy as anyone who knows your address can read your entire financial history. Suterusu invented a trustless and universal Layer 2 privacy-protection protocol - Suter Shield delinks the sender and receiver address, and give you full protection for your transaction data via advanced cryptography. Delink Sender and Receiver address going in and out of Layer 1. Complete privacy protection for both user identities and transaction details within Layer 2. Designed and integrated an advanced ZK-ConSNARK scheme with almost constant size proof, efficient proof generation and verification. -
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Astar Network
Astar
Astar Network is a scalable and interoperable infrastructure for Web3.0. Since Astar Network is built with Parity’s Substrate framework, it can be a future Polkadot parachain that also acts as a scalable smart contract platform. The Polkadot Relaychain, by design, does not support smart contracts. This allows Astar the opportunity to fill in this gap. Scalability is obviously one of the most crucial demands dApp developers have. Ideally, the developers can build whatever applications on Astar Network without having to consider its scalability. Astar Network is an open-source project. There are a lot of opportunities to get involved in our ecosystem. Astar Network is an open-source project anyone can join, develop, and modify. Astar Network's mission is to provide a scalable, interoperable, and decentralized application platform that defines and realizes the new form of the web, Web3.0. -
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xDai
xDai
The first-ever USD stable blockchain and multi-chain staking token. The xDai chain is a stable payments blockchain designed for fast and inexpensive transactions. The chain uses a unique dual-token model; xDai is a stable token used for transactions, payments, and fees, and STAKE is a governance token used to support the underlying POSDAO Proof-of-Stake consensus. xDai Bridges provide the seamless ability to move tokens between chains using the unique TokenBridge Architecture. Tokens and arbitrary messages can also be passed across chain. The xDai ecosystem continues to flourish with many new project migrations, integrations, applications, and a mature toolset for developers. Explore the depth of the xDai ecosystem in the Project & DApps section. -
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Raydius
Raydius
Raydius is a middleware solution designed to create a more connected blockchain ecosystem. Currently, building cross-chain applications is troublesome with various Layer 1 and Layer 2 protocols each supporting different development frameworks. Raydius solves the problem by offering the cross layer support as a service for developers so that they could focus on creating the product most needed by users. Raydius offers an EVM compatible Layer 2 PoS side chain built on Substrate and it connects to different Layer 1 and Layer 2 blockchains through bi-directional bridges. There are also cross-chain bridge aggregators to allow users to have a one-stop experience using dApps on different chains. Raydius bridge aggregator connects with popular asset bridges including multichain.xyz, Matic and BSC to provide the best routing for users with demand to switch assets across blockchains. -
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Manta Network
Manta Network
Manta Pacific leverages Celestia and a modified OP stack to deliver a cutting-edge technical infrastructure offering extraordinary scalability paired with low gas fees. Combined with Manta Pacific's universal circuits, Manta Pacific delivers an unrivaled environment for building and deploying ZK applications and dApps. From DeFi to gaming to social, apps deploying on Manta are designed to bring the best experience and value to real users. The Manta ecosystem grants program is designed to explore and grow new and valuable use cases to solve pain points faced by real users. Manta Network’s zkSBTs allow users to verify in a trustless, decentralized manner without exposing any details. zkSBTs such as the zkBAB and zkGalxe passports deliver a seamless on-chain KYC verification without any need to scan passports or enter sensitive personal information. -
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Immutable X
Immutable
The first layer 2 for NFTs on Ethereum. Zero gas fees, instant trades and scalability for games, applications, marketplaces, without compromise. The future of asset trading is digital. We’re ensuring NFTs are traded in an open, decentralized ecosystem, secured by Ethereum. Zero gas fees for peer to peer trading. Set your own trading fees. No custodial risk; users keep their private keys. Massive scalability up to 9,000+ TPS. Not a centralized sidechain. Supports ERC-20 and ERC-721 Secured by Ethereum. A true L2 inheriting security of L1. Fast-track your product with Immutable X Mint, a secure way to create and distribute assets on a massive scale. Create ERC-721 and ERC-20 tokens. Designed for single and bulk minting. Zero gas costs. Assets tradable instantly. Same security as mainnet Ethereum.We'll help onboard your team, provide technical consulting on critical integrations, and advise on best practices to help you get up and running. -
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Scroll
Scroll
Scroll is designed by and for Ethereum developers. A swift, reliable and scalable Layer 2 blockchain, Scroll extends Ethereum's capabilities, enabling apps to scale without any surprises. Thanks to bytecode-level compatibility, existing Ethereum apps can migrate onto Scroll as-is, and at a significantly reduced cost. Our open development approach combines the best ideas among value-aligned contributors and leads to more secure and better-designed systems. Scroll is forging a community-driven path to redefine and evolve Ethereum’s roadmap. Scroll uses advanced zero-knowledge-proof technology, battle-tested EVM models, and rigorous audits to ensure that our foundation is rooted in security and reliability. By prioritizing code security through open source collaboration, Scroll protects our developers and users against vulnerabilities. -
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Movr
Movr Network
Welcome to Movr Network! We believe the future is multi-L2 and cross-L2 transactions will be a big part of such a future. These transactions are difficult to execute, slow, and expensive. Movr provides cross-L2 interoperability infrastructure for dApps. Dapps can essentially build on top of Movr to execute, or enable, any kind of cross-L2 transaction. Swap DAI on Arbitrum for ETH on Polygon. Deposit collateral to Aave on Optimism & borrow from Aave on Arbitrum. Multi-L2 Yearn strategies where the vault optimizes for yield from protocols across all L2s and not just a single L2. Movr acts as a single touchpoint for dApps to interact with any L2. Movr has 2 products that allow for different types of cross-L2 interactions. Data Movr provides the infrastructure to easily build cost-efficient & quick cross-domain bridges. It abstracts out the nuances of cross-domain messaging & allows developers to build truly multi-L2 dApps. -
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COMBO Network
COMBO Network
COMBO is a leading provider of scaling solutions for Web3 game development. By leveraging the world's top game engine, COMBO is building an open source, decentralized, game-oriented protocol that is accessible to everyone. It aims to maximize the potential of Web3 games by connecting game developers with the entire ecosystem in an efficient, affordable, and secure way. COMBO has built full-fledged partnerships with leading Web3 infrastructure projects to provide comprehensive development toolchains and built-in game engines. These advanced tools can help game developers to easily get into the Web3 world, and simplify and accelerate their game development process. By applying optimistic rollup, we can achieve more than 5,000 TPS while keeping the gas prices as low as 0.000000008 Gwei. COMBO has built full-fledged partnerships with leading Web3 infrastructure projects to provide comprehensive development toolchains and built-in game engines.Starting Price: Free -
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Qredo
Qredo
Gain instant low-cost access to a growing ecosystem of trading, yield earning, and liquidity opportunities across multiple chains. Streamline DeFi trade flow by replacing network fees, multi-leg transactions and sign-offs with Qredo's unique implementation of multi-party computation (MPC). Fine tune governance to match existing corporate structures and asset management workflows. Trade, transfer and take custody of digital assets on a decentralized network. Bring your own governance, managed or self-custody. Instant transfers and cross-chain atomic swaps with greater capital efficiency and profitability. Maximize net returns with free deposits when securing assets on Qredo Network. Qredo is headquartered in London, UK, with development offices in Sofia, Bulgaria. Qredo is a well-funded, VC backed start-up with a clear mission and unprecedented demand for our products. -
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Aztec
Aztec
The new internet of money is secured by openness, but at a high price, all your counterparties know your entire financial history. Aztec is the ultimate security shield for the internet of money, protecting user and business data on Web3.0. With cryptographic anonymity, sender and recipient identities are hidden. Transaction amounts are encrypted, making your crypto balances private. Network observers can’t even see which asset or service a transaction belongs to. Aztec is built on PLONK, the new superfast standard in universal SNARK technology, created by our world-class cryptography team. Private transactions are computed in seconds on all devices, and our rollup service saves gas and settles in minutes. Fund and manage your DeFi positions anonymously, and trade them inside the Aztec privacy shield. Program private money, escrow, money streaming, micropayments, your imagination is the limit.