PaLM 2 Alternatives

Gemini was created from the ground up to be multimodal, highly efficient at tool and API integrations and built to enable future innovations, like memory and planning. While still early, we’re already seeing impressive multimodal capabilities not seen in prior models. Gemini is also our most flexible model yet — able to efficiently run on everything from data centers to mobile devices. Its state-of-the-art capabilities will significantly enhance the way developers and enterprise customers build and scale with AI. We’ve optimized Gemini 1.0, our first version, for three different sizes: Gemini Ultra — our largest and most capable model for highly complex tasks. Gemini Pro — our best model for scaling across a wide range of tasks. Gemini Nano — our most efficient model for on-device tasks.

We are proud to announce that we have completed training on Inflection-2, the best model in the world for its compute class and the second most capable LLM in the world today. Our mission at Inflection is to create a personal AI for everyone. Our new model, Inflection-2, is substantially more capable than Inflection-1, demonstrating much improved factual knowledge, better stylistic control, and dramatically improved reasoning. Inflection-2 was trained on 5,000 NVIDIA H100 GPUs in fp8 mixed precision for ~10²⁵ FLOPs. This puts it into the same training compute class as Google’s flagship PaLM 2 Large model, which Inflection-2 outperforms on the majority of the standard AI performance benchmarks, including the well-known MMLU, TriviaQA, HellaSwag & GSM8k. Designed with serving efficiency in mind, Inflection-2 will soon be powering Pi. Thanks to a transition from A100 to H100 GPUs, as well as our highly optimized inference implementation, we managed to reduce the cost.

Megatron-Turing Natural Language Generation model (MT-NLG), is the largest and the most powerful monolithic transformer English language model with 530 billion parameters. This 105-layer, transformer-based MT-NLG improves upon the prior state-of-the-art models in zero-, one-, and few-shot settings. It demonstrates unmatched accuracy in a broad set of natural language tasks such as, Completion prediction, Reading comprehension, Commonsense reasoning, Natural language inferences, Word sense disambiguation, etc. With the intent of accelerating research on the largest English language model till date and enabling customers to experiment, employ and apply such a large language model on downstream language tasks - NVIDIA is pleased to announce an Early Access program for its managed API service to MT-NLG mode.

A family of state-of-the-art, light-open models created from the same research and technology that were used to create Gemini models. These models incorporate comprehensive security measures and help ensure responsible and reliable AI solutions through selected data sets and rigorous adjustments. Gemma models achieve exceptional comparative results in their 2B, 7B, 9B, and 27B sizes, even outperforming some larger open models. With Keras 3.0, enjoy seamless compatibility with JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch, allowing you to effortlessly choose and change frameworks based on task. Redesigned to deliver outstanding performance and unmatched efficiency, Gemma 2 is optimized for incredibly fast inference on various hardware. The Gemma family of models offers different models that are optimized for specific use cases and adapt to your needs. Gemma models are large text-to-text lightweight language models with a decoder, trained in a huge set of text data, code, and mathematical content.

XLNet is a new unsupervised language representation learning method based on a novel generalized permutation language modeling objective. Additionally, XLNet employs Transformer-XL as the backbone model, exhibiting excellent performance for language tasks involving long context. Overall, XLNet achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) results on various downstream language tasks including question answering, natural language inference, sentiment analysis, and document ranking.

Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models. Developed by Google DeepMind and other teams across Google, Gemma is inspired by Gemini, and the name reflects the Latin gemma, meaning “precious stone.” Accompanying our model weights, we’re also releasing tools to support developer innovation, foster collaboration, and guide the responsible use of Gemma models. Gemma models share technical and infrastructure components with Gemini, our largest and most capable AI model widely available today. This enables Gemma 2B and 7B to achieve best-in-class performance for their sizes compared to other open models. And Gemma models are capable of running directly on a developer laptop or desktop computer. Notably, Gemma surpasses significantly larger models on key benchmarks while adhering to our rigorous standards for safe and responsible outputs.

Healthcare breakthroughs change the world and bring hope to humanity through scientific rigor, human insight, and compassion. We believe AI can contribute to this, with thoughtful collaboration between researchers, healthcare organizations, and the broader ecosystem. Today, we're sharing exciting progress on these initiatives, with the announcement of limited access to Google’s medical large language model, or LLM, called Med-PaLM 2. It will be available in the coming weeks to a select group of Google Cloud customers for limited testing, to explore use cases and share feedback as we investigate safe, responsible, and meaningful ways to use this technology. Med-PaLM 2 harnesses the power of Google’s LLMs, aligned to the medical domain to more accurately and safely answer medical questions. As a result, Med-PaLM 2 was the first LLM to perform at an “expert” test-taker level performance on the MedQA dataset of US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)-style questions.

Aya is a new state-of-the-art, open-source, massively multilingual, generative large language research model (LLM) covering 101 different languages — more than double the number of languages covered by existing open-source models. Aya helps researchers unlock the powerful potential of LLMs for dozens of languages and cultures largely ignored by most advanced models on the market today. We are open-sourcing both the Aya model, as well as the largest multilingual instruction fine-tuned dataset to-date with a size of 513 million covering 114 languages. This data collection includes rare annotations from native and fluent speakers all around the world, ensuring that AI technology can effectively serve a broad global audience that have had limited access to-date.

Code Llama is a large language model (LLM) that can use text prompts to generate code. Code Llama is state-of-the-art for publicly available LLMs on code tasks, and has the potential to make workflows faster and more efficient for current developers and lower the barrier to entry for people who are learning to code. Code Llama has the potential to be used as a productivity and educational tool to help programmers write more robust, well-documented software. Code Llama is a state-of-the-art LLM capable of generating code, and natural language about code, from both code and natural language prompts. Code Llama is free for research and commercial use. Code Llama is built on top of Llama 2 and is available in three models: Code Llama, the foundational code model; Codel Llama - Python specialized for Python; and Code Llama - Instruct, which is fine-tuned for understanding natural language instructions.

CodeGemma is a collection of powerful, lightweight models that can perform a variety of coding tasks like fill-in-the-middle code completion, code generation, natural language understanding, mathematical reasoning, and instruction following. CodeGemma has 3 model variants, a 7B pre-trained variant that specializes in code completion and generation from code prefixes and/or suffixes, a 7B instruction-tuned variant for natural language-to-code chat and instruction following; and a state-of-the-art 2B pre-trained variant that provides up to 2x faster code completion. Complete lines, and functions, and even generate entire blocks of code, whether you're working locally or using Google Cloud resources. Trained on 500 billion tokens of primarily English language data from web documents, mathematics, and code, CodeGemma models generate code that's not only more syntactically correct but also semantically meaningful, reducing errors and debugging time.

LLaMA (Large Language Model Meta AI) is a state-of-the-art foundational large language model designed to help researchers advance their work in this subfield of AI. Smaller, more performant models such as LLaMA enable others in the research community who don’t have access to large amounts of infrastructure to study these models, further democratizing access in this important, fast-changing field. Training smaller foundation models like LLaMA is desirable in the large language model space because it requires far less computing power and resources to test new approaches, validate others’ work, and explore new use cases. Foundation models train on a large set of unlabeled data, which makes them ideal for fine-tuning for a variety of tasks. We are making LLaMA available at several sizes (7B, 13B, 33B, and 65B parameters) and also sharing a LLaMA model card that details how we built the model in keeping with our approach to Responsible AI practices.

Qwen2 is the large language model series developed by Qwen team, Alibaba Cloud. Qwen2 is a series of large language models developed by the Qwen team at Alibaba Cloud. It includes both base language models and instruction-tuned models, ranging from 0.5 billion to 72 billion parameters, and features both dense models and a Mixture-of-Experts model. The Qwen2 series is designed to surpass most previous open-weight models, including its predecessor Qwen1.5, and to compete with proprietary models across a broad spectrum of benchmarks in language understanding, generation, multilingual capabilities, coding, mathematics, and reasoning.

Chinchilla is a large language model. Chinchilla uses the same compute budget as Gopher but with 70B parameters and 4× more more data. Chinchilla uniformly and significantly outperforms Gopher (280B), GPT-3 (175B), Jurassic-1 (178B), and Megatron-Turing NLG (530B) on a large range of downstream evaluation tasks. This also means that Chinchilla uses substantially less compute for fine-tuning and inference, greatly facilitating downstream usage. As a highlight, Chinchilla reaches a state-of-the-art average accuracy of 67.5% on the MMLU benchmark, greater than a 7% improvement over Gopher.

Pre-trained language models have achieved state-of-the-art results in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. GPT-3 has shown that scaling up pre-trained language models can further exploit their enormous potential. A unified framework named ERNIE 3.0 was recently proposed for pre-training large-scale knowledge enhanced models and trained a model with 10 billion parameters. ERNIE 3.0 outperformed the state-of-the-art models on various NLP tasks. In order to explore the performance of scaling up ERNIE 3.0, we train a hundred-billion-parameter model called ERNIE 3.0 Titan with up to 260 billion parameters on the PaddlePaddle platform. Furthermore, We design a self-supervised adversarial loss and a controllable language modeling loss to make ERNIE 3.0 Titan generate credible and controllable texts.

We are now releasing Phi-2, a 2.7 billion-parameter language model that demonstrates outstanding reasoning and language understanding capabilities, showcasing state-of-the-art performance among base language models with less than 13 billion parameters. On complex benchmarks Phi-2 matches or outperforms models up to 25x larger, thanks to new innovations in model scaling and training data curation. With its compact size, Phi-2 is an ideal playground for researchers, including for exploration around mechanistic interpretability, safety improvements, or fine-tuning experimentation on a variety of tasks. We have made Phi-2 available in the Azure AI Studio model catalog to foster research and development on language models.

InstructGPT is an open-source framework for training language models to generate natural language instructions from visual input. It uses a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) model and the state-of-the-art object detector, Mask R-CNN, to detect objects in images and generate natural language sentences that describe the image. InstructGPT is designed to be effective across domains such as robotics, gaming and education; it can assist robots in navigating complex tasks with natural language instructions, or help students learn by providing descriptive explanations of processes or events.

ChatGPT is a language model developed by OpenAI. It has been trained on a diverse range of internet text, allowing it to generate human-like responses to a variety of prompts. ChatGPT can be used for various natural language processing tasks, such as question answering, conversation, and text generation. ChatGPT is a pre-trained language model that uses deep learning algorithms to generate text. It was trained on a large corpus of text data, allowing it to generate human-like responses to a wide range of prompts. The model has a transformer architecture, which has been shown to be effective in many NLP tasks. In addition to generating text, ChatGPT can also be fine-tuned for specific NLP tasks such as question answering, text classification, and language translation. This allows developers to build powerful NLP applications that can perform specific tasks more accurately. ChatGPT can also process and generate code.

GPT-J is a cutting-edge language model created by the research organization EleutherAI. In terms of performance, GPT-J exhibits a level of proficiency comparable to that of OpenAI's renowned GPT-3 model in a range of zero-shot tasks. Notably, GPT-J has demonstrated the ability to surpass GPT-3 in tasks related to generating code. The latest iteration of this language model, known as GPT-J-6B, is built upon a linguistic dataset referred to as The Pile. This dataset, which is publicly available, encompasses a substantial volume of 825 gibibytes of language data, organized into 22 distinct subsets. While GPT-J shares certain capabilities with ChatGPT, it is important to note that GPT-J is not designed to operate as a chatbot; rather, its primary function is to predict text. In a significant development in March 2023, Databricks introduced Dolly, a model that follows instructions and is licensed under Apache.

We introduce the Granite series of decoder-only code models for code generative tasks (e.g., fixing bugs, explaining code, documenting code), trained with code written in 116 programming languages. A comprehensive evaluation of the Granite Code model family on diverse tasks demonstrates that our models consistently reach state-of-the-art performance among available open source code LLMs. The key advantages of Granite Code models include: All-rounder Code LLM: Granite Code models achieve competitive or state-of-the-art performance on different kinds of code-related tasks, including code generation, explanation, fixing, editing, translation, and more. Demonstrating their ability to solve diverse coding tasks. Trustworthy Enterprise-Grade LLM: All our models are trained on license-permissible data collected following IBM's AI Ethics principles and guided by IBM’s Corporate Legal team for trustworthy enterprise usage.

Information overload is a major obstacle to scientific progress. The explosive growth in scientific literature and data has made it ever harder to discover useful insights in a large mass of information. Today scientific knowledge is accessed through search engines, but they are unable to organize scientific knowledge alone. Galactica is a large language model that can store, combine and reason about scientific knowledge. We train on a large scientific corpus of papers, reference material, knowledge bases and many other sources. We outperform existing models on a range of scientific tasks. On technical knowledge probes such as LaTeX equations, Galactica outperforms the latest GPT-3 by 68.2% versus 49.0%. Galactica also performs well on reasoning, outperforming Chinchilla on mathematical MMLU by 41.3% to 35.7%, and PaLM 540B on MATH with a score of 20.4% versus 8.8%.

Today, we are excited to introduce DBRX, an open, general-purpose LLM created by Databricks. Across a range of standard benchmarks, DBRX sets a new state-of-the-art for established open LLMs. Moreover, it provides the open community and enterprises building their own LLMs with capabilities that were previously limited to closed model APIs; according to our measurements, it surpasses GPT-3.5, and it is competitive with Gemini 1.0 Pro. It is an especially capable code model, surpassing specialized models like CodeLLaMA-70B in programming, in addition to its strength as a general-purpose LLM. This state-of-the-art quality comes with marked improvements in training and inference performance. DBRX advances the state-of-the-art in efficiency among open models thanks to its fine-grained mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture. Inference is up to 2x faster than LLaMA2-70B, and DBRX is about 40% of the size of Grok-1 in terms of both total and active parameter counts.

Gemini Ultra is a powerful new language model from Google DeepMind. It is the largest and most capable model in the Gemini family, which also includes Gemini Pro and Gemini Nano. Gemini Ultra is designed for highly complex tasks, such as natural language processing, machine translation, and code generation. It is also the first language model to outperform human experts on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) test, obtaining a score of 90%.

VideoPoet is a simple modeling method that can convert any autoregressive language model or large language model (LLM) into a high-quality video generator. It contains a few simple components. An autoregressive language model learns across video, image, audio, and text modalities to autoregressively predict the next video or audio token in the sequence. A mixture of multimodal generative learning objectives are introduced into the LLM training framework, including text-to-video, text-to-image, image-to-video, video frame continuation, video inpainting and outpainting, video stylization, and video-to-audio. Furthermore, such tasks can be composed together for additional zero-shot capabilities. This simple recipe shows that language models can synthesize and edit videos with a high degree of temporal consistency.

Alpa aims to automate large-scale distributed training and serving with just a few lines of code. Alpa was initially developed by folks in the Sky Lab, UC Berkeley. Some advanced techniques used in Alpa have been written in a paper published in OSDI'2022. Alpa community is growing with new contributors from Google. A language model is a probability distribution over sequences of words. It predicts the next word based on all the previous words. It is useful for a variety of AI applications, such the auto-completion in your email or chatbot service. For more information, check out the language model wikipedia page. GPT-3 is very large language model, with 175 billion parameters, that uses deep learning to produce human-like text. Many researchers and news articles described GPT-3 as "one of the most interesting and important AI systems ever produced". GPT-3 is gradually being used as a backbone in the latest NLP research and applications.

Apply advanced coding and language models to a variety of use cases. Leverage large-scale, generative AI models with deep understandings of language and code to enable new reasoning and comprehension capabilities for building cutting-edge applications. Apply these coding and language models to a variety of use cases, such as writing assistance, code generation, and reasoning over data. Detect and mitigate harmful use with built-in responsible AI and access enterprise-grade Azure security. Gain access to generative models that have been pretrained with trillions of words. Apply them to new scenarios including language, code, reasoning, inferencing, and comprehension. Customize generative models with labeled data for your specific scenario using a simple REST API. Fine-tune your model's hyperparameters to increase accuracy of outputs. Use the few-shot learning capability to provide the API with examples and achieve more relevant results.

Mistral NeMo, our new best small model. A state-of-the-art 12B model with 128k context length, and released under the Apache 2.0 license. Mistral NeMo is a 12B model built in collaboration with NVIDIA. Mistral NeMo offers a large context window of up to 128k tokens. Its reasoning, world knowledge, and coding accuracy are state-of-the-art in its size category. As it relies on standard architecture, Mistral NeMo is easy to use and a drop-in replacement in any system using Mistral 7B. We have released pre-trained base and instruction-tuned checkpoints under the Apache 2.0 license to promote adoption for researchers and enterprises. Mistral NeMo was trained with quantization awareness, enabling FP8 inference without any performance loss. The model is designed for global, multilingual applications. It is trained on function calling and has a large context window. Compared to Mistral 7B, it is much better at following precise instructions, reasoning, and handling multi-turn conversations.

PaLM API is an easy and safe way to build on top of our best language models. Today, we’re making an efficient model available, in terms of size and capabilities, and we’ll add other sizes soon. The API also comes with an intuitive tool called MakerSuite, which lets you quickly prototype ideas and, over time, will have features for prompt engineering, synthetic data generation and custom-model tuning — all supported by robust safety tools. Select developers can access the PaLM API and MakerSuite in Private Preview today, and stay tuned for our waitlist soon.

Significant advancements in the field of natural language processing, understanding, and generation have been achieved through the expansion of large language models. This study introduces a system which utilizes Ascend 910 AI processors and the MindSpore framework to train a language model with over a trillion parameters, specifically 1.085T, named PanGu-{\Sigma}. This model, which builds upon the foundation laid by PanGu-{\alpha}, takes the traditionally dense Transformer model and transforms it into a sparse one using a concept known as Random Routed Experts (RRE). The model was efficiently trained on a dataset of 329 billion tokens using a technique called Expert Computation and Storage Separation (ECSS), leading to a 6.3-fold increase in training throughput via heterogeneous computing. Experimentation indicates that PanGu-{\Sigma} sets a new standard in zero-shot learning for various downstream Chinese NLP tasks.

Build natural language understanding and generation into your product with a few lines of code. The Cohere API provides access to models that read billions of web pages and learn to understand the meaning, sentiment, and intent of the words we use. Use the Cohere API to write human-like text by completing a prompt or filling in blanks. You can write copy, generate code, summarize text, and more. Compute the likelihood of text and retrieve representations from the model. Use the likelihood API to filter text based on chosen categories or selected criteria. With representations, you can train your own downstream models on a wide variety of domain-specific natural language tasks. The Cohere API can compute the similarity between pieces of text, and make categorical predictions by comparing the likelihood of different text options. The model has multiple lenses through which to view ideas, so that it can recognize abstract similarities between concepts as distinct as DNA and computers.

Qwen LLM refers to a family of large language models (LLMs) developed by Alibaba Cloud's Damo Academy. These models are trained on a massive dataset of text and code, allowing them to understand and generate human-like text, translate languages, write different kinds of creative content, and answer your questions in an informative way. Here are some key features of Qwen LLMs: Variety of sizes: The Qwen series ranges from 1.8 billion to 72 billion parameters, offering options for different needs and performance levels. Open source: Some versions of Qwen are open-source, which means their code is publicly available for anyone to use and modify. Multilingual support: Qwen can understand and translate multiple languages, including English, Chinese, and French. Diverse capabilities: Besides generation and translation, Qwen models can be used for tasks like question answering, text summarization, and code generation.

Gemini Nano is the tiny titan of the Gemini family, Google DeepMind's latest generation of multimodal language models. Imagine a super-powered AI shrunk down to fit snugly on your smartphone, that's Nano in a nutshell! ✨ Though the smallest of the bunch (alongside its siblings, Ultra and Pro), Nano packs a mighty punch. It's specifically designed to run on edge devices like your phone, bringing powerful AI capabilities right to your fingertips, even when you're offline. Think of it as your ultimate on-device assistant, whispering smart suggestions and automating tasks with ease. Need a quick summary of that long recorded lecture? Nano's got you covered. Want to craft the perfect reply to a tricky text? Nano will generate options that'll have your friends thinking you're a wordsmith extraordinaire.

John Snow Labs' Medical LLM is an advanced, domain-specific large language model (LLM) designed to revolutionize the way healthcare organizations harness the power of artificial intelligence. This innovative platform is tailored specifically for the healthcare industry, combining cutting-edge natural language processing (NLP) capabilities with a deep understanding of medical terminology, clinical workflows, and regulatory requirements. The result is a powerful tool that enables healthcare providers, researchers, and administrators to unlock new insights, improve patient outcomes, and drive operational efficiency. At the heart of the Healthcare LLM is its comprehensive training on vast amounts of healthcare data, including clinical notes, research papers, and regulatory documents. This specialized training allows the model to accurately interpret and generate medical text, making it an invaluable asset for tasks such as clinical documentation, automated coding, and medical research.

As a tribute to Cleopatra, whose glorious destiny ended in tragic snake circumstances, we are proud to release Codestral Mamba, a Mamba2 language model specialized in code generation, available under an Apache 2.0 license. Codestral Mamba is another step in our effort to study and provide new architectures. It is available for free use, modification, and distribution, and we hope it will open new perspectives in architecture research. Mamba models offer the advantage of linear time inference and the theoretical ability to model sequences of infinite length. It allows users to engage with the model extensively with quick responses, irrespective of the input length. This efficiency is especially relevant for code productivity use cases, this is why we trained this model with advanced code and reasoning capabilities, enabling it to perform on par with SOTA transformer-based models.

Smaug-72B is a powerful open-source large language model (LLM) known for several key features: High Performance: It currently holds the top spot on the Hugging Face Open LLM leaderboard, surpassing models like GPT-3.5 in various benchmarks. This means it excels at tasks like understanding, responding to, and generating human-like text. Open Source: Unlike many other advanced LLMs, Smaug-72B is freely available for anyone to use and modify, fostering collaboration and innovation in the AI community. Focus on Reasoning and Math: It specifically shines in handling reasoning and mathematical tasks, attributing this strength to unique fine-tuning techniques developed by Abacus AI, the creators of Smaug-72B. Based on Qwen-72B: It's technically a fine-tuned version of another powerful LLM called Qwen-72B, released by Alibaba, further improving upon its capabilities. Overall, Smaug-72B represents a significant step forward in open-source AI.

Adept is an ML research and product lab building general intelligence by enabling humans and computers to work together creatively. Designed and trained specifically for taking actions on computers in response to your natural language commands. ACT-1 is our first step towards a foundation model that can use every software tool, API and website that exists. Adept is building an entirely new way to get things done. It takes your goals, in plain language, and turns them into actions on the software you use every day. We believe that AI systems should be built with users at the center — where machines work together with people in the driver's seat, discovering new solutions, enabling more informed decisions, and giving us more time for the work we love.

FLAN-T5 was released in the paper Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Models - it is an enhanced version of T5 that has been finetuned in a mixture of tasks.

OpenELM is an open-source language model family developed by Apple. It uses a layer-wise scaling strategy to efficiently allocate parameters within each layer of the transformer model, leading to enhanced accuracy compared to existing open language models of similar size. OpenELM is trained on publicly available datasets and achieves state-of-the-art performance for its size.

As a tribute to Archimedes, whose 2311th anniversary we’re celebrating this year, we are proud to release our first Mathstral model, a specific 7B model designed for math reasoning and scientific discovery. The model has a 32k context window published under the Apache 2.0 license. We’re contributing Mathstral to the science community to bolster efforts in advanced mathematical problems requiring complex, multi-step logical reasoning. The Mathstral release is part of our broader effort to support academic projects, it was produced in the context of our collaboration with Project Numina. Akin to Isaac Newton in his time, Mathstral stands on the shoulders of Mistral 7B and specializes in STEM subjects. It achieves state-of-the-art reasoning capacities in its size category across various industry-standard benchmarks. In particular, it achieves 56.6% on MATH and 63.47% on MMLU, with the following MMLU performance difference by subject between Mathstral 7B and Mistral 7B.

State-of-the-art language models are extremely challenging to train; they require huge compute budgets, complex distributed compute techniques and deep ML expertise. As a result, few organizations train large language models (LLMs) from scratch. And increasingly those that have the resources and expertise are not open sourcing the results, marking a significant change from even a few months back. At Cerebras, we believe in fostering open access to the most advanced models. With this in mind, we are proud to announce the release to the open source community of Cerebras-GPT, a family of seven GPT models ranging from 111 million to 13 billion parameters. Trained using the Chinchilla formula, these models provide the highest accuracy for a given compute budget. Cerebras-GPT has faster training times, lower training costs, and consumes less energy than any publicly available model to date.

CodeQwen is the code version of Qwen, the large language model series developed by the Qwen team, Alibaba Cloud. It is a transformer-based decoder-only language model pre-trained on a large amount of data of codes. Strong code generation capabilities and competitive performance across a series of benchmarks. Supporting long context understanding and generation with the context length of 64K tokens. CodeQwen supports 92 coding languages and provides excellent performance in text-to-SQL, bug fixes, etc. You can just write several lines of code with transformers to chat with CodeQwen. Essentially, we build the tokenizer and the model from pre-trained methods, and we use the generate method to perform chatting with the help of the chat template provided by the tokenizer. We apply the ChatML template for chat models following our previous practice. The model completes the code snippets according to the given prompts, without any additional formatting.

The next generation of our open source large language model. This release includes model weights and starting code for pretrained and fine-tuned Llama language models — ranging from 7B to 70B parameters. Llama 2 pretrained models are trained on 2 trillion tokens, and have double the context length than Llama 1. Its fine-tuned models have been trained on over 1 million human annotations. Llama 2 outperforms other open source language models on many external benchmarks, including reasoning, coding, proficiency, and knowledge tests. Llama 2 was pretrained on publicly available online data sources. The fine-tuned model, Llama-2-chat, leverages publicly available instruction datasets and over 1 million human annotations. We have a broad range of supporters around the world who believe in our open approach to today’s AI — companies that have given early feedback and are excited to build with Llama 2.

RoBERTa builds on BERT’s language masking strategy, wherein the system learns to predict intentionally hidden sections of text within otherwise unannotated language examples. RoBERTa, which was implemented in PyTorch, modifies key hyperparameters in BERT, including removing BERT’s next-sentence pretraining objective, and training with much larger mini-batches and learning rates. This allows RoBERTa to improve on the masked language modeling objective compared with BERT and leads to better downstream task performance. We also explore training RoBERTa on an order of magnitude more data than BERT, for a longer amount of time. We used existing unannotated NLP datasets as well as CC-News, a novel set drawn from public news articles.

Instruction-following models such as GPT-3.5 (text-DaVinci-003), ChatGPT, Claude, and Bing Chat have become increasingly powerful. Many users now interact with these models regularly and even use them for work. However, despite their widespread deployment, instruction-following models still have many deficiencies: they can generate false information, propagate social stereotypes, and produce toxic language. To make maximum progress on addressing these pressing problems, it is important for the academic community to engage. Unfortunately, doing research on instruction-following models in academia has been difficult, as there is no easily accessible model that comes close in capabilities to closed-source models such as OpenAI’s text-DaVinci-003. We are releasing our findings about an instruction-following language model, dubbed Alpaca, which is fine-tuned from Meta’s LLaMA 7B model.

Claude 3.5 Sonnet sets new industry benchmarks for graduate-level reasoning (GPQA), undergraduate-level knowledge (MMLU), and coding proficiency (HumanEval). It shows marked improvement in grasping nuance, humor, and complex instructions, and is exceptional at writing high-quality content with a natural, relatable tone. Claude 3.5 Sonnet operates at twice the speed of Claude 3 Opus. This performance boost, combined with cost-effective pricing, makes Claude 3.5 Sonnet ideal for complex tasks such as context-sensitive customer support and orchestrating multi-step workflows. Claude 3.5 Sonnet is now available for free on Claude.ai and the Claude iOS app, while Claude Pro and Team plan subscribers can access it with significantly higher rate limits. It is also available via the Anthropic API, Amazon Bedrock, and Google Cloud’s Vertex AI. The model costs $3 per million input tokens and $15 per million output tokens, with a 200K token context window.

Dolly is a cheap-to-build LLM that exhibits a surprising degree of the instruction following capabilities exhibited by ChatGPT. Whereas the work from the Alpaca team showed that state-of-the-art models could be coaxed into high quality instruction-following behavior, we find that even years-old open source models with much earlier architectures exhibit striking behaviors when fine tuned on a small corpus of instruction training data. Dolly works by taking an existing open source 6 billion parameter model from EleutherAI and modifying it ever so slightly to elicit instruction following capabilities such as brainstorming and text generation not present in the original model, using data from Alpaca.

Jurassic-1 models come in two sizes, where the Jumbo version, at 178B parameters, is the largest and most sophisticated language model ever released for general use by developers. AI21 Studio is currently in open beta, allowing anyone to sign up and immediately start querying Jurassic-1 using our API and interactive web environment. Our mission at AI21 Labs is to fundamentally reimagine the way humans read and write by introducing machines as thought partners, and the only way we can achieve this is if we take on this challenge together. We’ve been researching language models since our Mesozoic Era (aka 2017 😉). Jurassic-1 builds on this research, and it is the first generation of models we’re making available for widespread use.

Language, and its role in demonstrating and facilitating comprehension - or intelligence - is a fundamental part of being human. It gives people the ability to communicate thoughts and concepts, express ideas, create memories, and build mutual understanding. These are foundational parts of social intelligence. It’s why our teams at DeepMind study aspects of language processing and communication, both in artificial agents and in humans. As part of a broader portfolio of AI research, we believe the development and study of more powerful language models – systems that predict and generate text – have tremendous potential for building advanced AI systems that can be used safely and efficiently to summarise information, provide expert advice and follow instructions via natural language. Developing beneficial language models requires research into their potential impacts, including the risks they pose.

GPT-3.5 is the next evolution of GPT 3 large language model from OpenAI. GPT-3.5 models can understand and generate natural language. We offer four main models with different levels of power suitable for different tasks. The main GPT-3.5 models are meant to be used with the text completion endpoint. We also offer models that are specifically meant to be used with other endpoints. Davinci is the most capable model family and can perform any task the other models can perform and often with less instruction. For applications requiring a lot of understanding of the content, like summarization for a specific audience and creative content generation, Davinci is going to produce the best results. These increased capabilities require more compute resources, so Davinci costs more per API call and is not as fast as the other models.

AI21 Studio provides API access to Jurassic-1 large-language-models. Our models power text generation and comprehension features in thousands of live applications. Take on any language task. Our Jurassic-1 models are trained to follow natural language instructions and require just a few examples to adapt to new tasks. Use our specialized APIs for common tasks like summarization, paraphrasing and more. Access superior results at a lower cost without reinventing the wheel. Need to fine-tune your own custom model? You're just 3 clicks away. Training is fast, affordable and trained models are deployed immediately. Give your users superpowers by embedding an AI co-writer in your app. Drive user engagement and success with features like long-form draft generation, paraphrasing, repurposing and custom auto-complete.

LaMDA, our latest research breakthrough, adds pieces to one of the most tantalizing sections of that puzzle: conversation. While conversations tend to revolve around specific topics, their open-ended nature means they can start in one place and end up somewhere completely different. A chat with a friend about a TV show could evolve into a discussion about the country where the show was filmed before settling on a debate about that country’s best regional cuisine. That meandering quality can quickly stump modern conversational agents (commonly known as chatbots), which tend to follow narrow, pre-defined paths. But LaMDA — short for “Language Model for Dialogue Applications” — can engage in a free-flowing way about a seemingly endless number of topics, an ability we think could unlock more natural ways of interacting with technology and entirely new categories of helpful applications.