Audience
AI developers interested in a large language model
About OPT
Large language models, which are often trained for hundreds of thousands of compute days, have shown remarkable capabilities for zero- and few-shot learning. Given their computational cost, these models are difficult to replicate without significant capital. For the few that are available through APIs, no access is granted to the full model weights, making them difficult to study. We present Open Pre-trained Transformers (OPT), a suite of decoder-only pre-trained transformers ranging from 125M to 175B parameters, which we aim to fully and responsibly share with interested researchers. We show that OPT-175B is comparable to GPT-3, while requiring only 1/7th the carbon footprint to develop. We are also releasing our logbook detailing the infrastructure challenges we faced, along with code for experimenting with all of the released models.
Popular Alternatives
Llama 2
The next generation of our open source large language model. This release includes model weights and starting code for pretrained and fine-tuned Llama language models — ranging from 7B to 70B parameters.
Llama 2 pretrained models are trained on 2 trillion tokens, and have double the context length than Llama 1. Its fine-tuned models have been trained on over 1 million human annotations.
Llama 2 outperforms other open source language models on many external benchmarks, including reasoning, coding, proficiency, and knowledge tests.
Llama 2 was pretrained on publicly available online data sources. The fine-tuned model, Llama-2-chat, leverages publicly available instruction datasets and over 1 million human annotations.
We have a broad range of supporters around the world who believe in our open approach to today’s AI — companies that have given early feedback and are excited to build with Llama 2.
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Falcon-40B
Falcon-40B is a 40B parameters causal decoder-only model built by TII and trained on 1,000B tokens of RefinedWeb enhanced with curated corpora. It is made available under the Apache 2.0 license.
Why use Falcon-40B?
It is the best open-source model currently available. Falcon-40B outperforms LLaMA, StableLM, RedPajama, MPT, etc. See the OpenLLM Leaderboard.
It features an architecture optimized for inference, with FlashAttention and multiquery.
It is made available under a permissive Apache 2.0 license allowing for commercial use, without any royalties or restrictions.
⚠️ This is a raw, pretrained model, which should be further finetuned for most usecases. If you are looking for a version better suited to taking generic instructions in a chat format, we recommend taking a look at Falcon-40B-Instruct.
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PanGu-Σ
Significant advancements in the field of natural language processing, understanding, and generation have been achieved through the expansion of large language models. This study introduces a system which utilizes Ascend 910 AI processors and the MindSpore framework to train a language model with over a trillion parameters, specifically 1.085T, named PanGu-{\Sigma}. This model, which builds upon the foundation laid by PanGu-{\alpha}, takes the traditionally dense Transformer model and transforms it into a sparse one using a concept known as Random Routed Experts (RRE). The model was efficiently trained on a dataset of 329 billion tokens using a technique called Expert Computation and Storage Separation (ECSS), leading to a 6.3-fold increase in training throughput via heterogeneous computing. Experimentation indicates that PanGu-{\Sigma} sets a new standard in zero-shot learning for various downstream Chinese NLP tasks.
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T5
With T5, we propose reframing all NLP tasks into a unified text-to-text-format where the input and output are always text strings, in contrast to BERT-style models that can only output either a class label or a span of the input. Our text-to-text framework allows us to use the same model, loss function, and hyperparameters on any NLP task, including machine translation, document summarization, question answering, and classification tasks (e.g., sentiment analysis). We can even apply T5 to regression tasks by training it to predict the string representation of a number instead of the number itself.
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Company Information
Meta
Founded: 2004
United States
www.meta.com
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