Sentry SDK for Java and Android Files

Fixes

• Session Replay: Backfill release, environment and SDK info for replays sent on the next launch after the app was killed or crashed (#6253)
• Fix SDK callback error handling (#6140)
• Drop telemetry when a beforeSend* callback throws and report it using DiscardReason.CALLBACK_ERROR.
• Drop transactions when tracesSampler throws instead of inheriting the parent sampling decision or falling back to tracesSampleRate (#6163).
• Drop spans when beforeSpan throws without disrupting requests, covering OkHttp, OpenFeign, GraphQL, Ktor, and Apollo—including Apollo 5 (#6167, #6238).
• Drop telemetry and record callback_error when a customer event processor throws instead of continuing with a potentially partially processed item. SDK-owned processor failures are logged and processing continues.
• Drop breadcrumbs when beforeBreadcrumb throws instead of storing exception details on the breadcrumb.
• No longer fail Spring requests when a TransactionNameProvider throws, falling back to <unlabeled transaction> (#6241).
• No longer fail Spring requests when a SentryUserProvider throws and overwrite the user with an empty user object (#6240).
• Disable profiling when profilesSampler throws instead of falling back to profilesSampleRate or inheriting the parent profiling decision (#6164).
• Report attached profiles dropped by transaction callback errors as callback_error in client reports and OnDiscardCallback (#6166).
• Skip replay capture when beforeErrorSampling throws while retaining the error event (#6165).
• Skip Android screenshots or view hierarchies when their capture callbacks throw while retaining the error event (#6167).
• Keep the Android feedback form available when its options configurator throws (#6239).
• Isolate nonfatal callback throwables while continuing to propagate fatal JVM errors (#6251).

Internal

• Hold the hostname cache on SentryOptions instead of a static singleton (#6117)

Dependencies

• Bump Native SDK from v0.17.2 to v0.17.3 (#6250)
• [changelog](https://github.com/getsentry/sentry-native/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#0173
• diff