Open source code is based on many standards.
The owner for the POSIX and Official Unix Standard is The Open Group, also known as X/Open
The portion of that specification of most interest to people doing ports are the definitions found in The Single UNIX Specification
HP OpenVMS tries to comply with the letter of this specification for their C run time library.
Unfortunately this standard was compiled after the various Unix APIs were developed, and appears to be incomplete. It also appears possible to write a library that is 100% Compliant with the Open Group specification, yet be totally unusable for use with existing Unix/ Linux programs.
As Linux is now the dominating Posix/Unix like platform that developers are targeting, the APIs that Linux supports are now a more defacto standard than The Open Group.
The Linux System Base is a standard body was created to better define the Linux API.
Of interest to programmers doing porting is the LSB Database Navigator. This standard is harder to navigate as you frequently have to follow many links to look something up.
HP OpenVMS Documentation contains links for the OpenVMS platform and many of the layered products.