In TexStudio version 2.12.10, when the 'Buld and View (F5)' or the 'Compile (F6)' option is chosen, the entire project (all file associated with the Root Document) are compiled/built afresh even if there has not been any changes/edits in any of these files.
This can be avoided when no edits in the files are detected and the associated target PDF is still available in the target directory. The rebuild/recompile option could be allowed to build from all the associated files even when there are no edits only if the associated target PDF file is missing in the target directory.
However, there could be valid reasons under which the user might want to force compile/build even when there is no edits in any of the associated files. This should be allowed with a new menu item.
Anonymous
In generat, it's hard to tell if a compiliation is really not neccesary. It not only depends on the tex files but also on the bibliography, included graphics etc.
'Build and View' and 'Compile' are explicitly there to run the LaTeX compiler. Use 'View' if you just want to display the PDF.
You should have a look at Latexmk.