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RE: [Pythoncard-users] Decision Analysis , a Python script to be re-coded in PythonCard
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From: Kevin A. <al...@se...> - 2001-09-04 01:03:47
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The short answer is that you should be able to do this in PythonCard. When
you run into specific problems related to PythonCard, just post the
questions here. It sounds like a lot of your journey is going to be learning
to design a non-modal visual interface for a program that was previously a
linear series of steps. Off the top of my head I'm not sure what resources
to point you towards, hopefully someone else on the list can provide some
pointers.
Validators:
One thing that PythonCard definitely doesn't provide you with right now are
'validators' which are sort of like your 'get_number' function below. We'll
probably have validators later, wxPython even provides a hook for them, but
for now you'll probably want to make it more like an HTML form where the
user enters input in a bunch of fields, and then presses a "Submit" or
"Calculate" button and if one of the fields has invalid input you will
present an error message and they can redo the input.
You could also check the input with a 'loseFocus' handler and when we have a
closeField messages being generated this will be even simpler; closeField
means that not only did the field lose focus, but that the text changed too.
Turn on the Message Watcher and uncheck 'Hide unused' to see these events
occurring as you tab and click between fields.
Anyway, in the short term what you can do is have a 'gainFocus' handler
which saves the current value of the field in variable, then a 'loseFocus'
handler which compares the original value to the current value and if they
are different (text changed), then it will do your validation test and if
the data isn't valid, you present an error dialog and then set the focus
back to the field and select all the text. That is a very common user
interface for text validation in GUIs. Other people on the list can probably
suggest other methods.
This is the kind of thing I'll try and add to one of the samples, unless
someone beats me to it.
ka
> -----Original Message-----
> From: pyt...@li...
> [mailto:pyt...@li...]On Behalf Of Ronald
> D Stephens
> Sent: Monday, September 03, 2001 12:34 PM
> To: pyt...@li...
> Subject: [Pythoncard-users] Decision Analysis , a Python script to be
> re-coded in PythonCard
>
>
> Well, my first Python script or applet was a simple weighted
> average type of program to help in making decisions that can be
> analyzed by comparing various options for various criteria,
> weighted by importance for each criteria, and scored by calculating a
> simple weighted average for each option and then comparing the
> scores for various options, with higher scores representing better
> options.
>
> This program is a commnad line Python program that runs OK in
> IDLE or Pythonwin.
>
> My goal is to make it work with a gui user interface. My thinking
> is that this will be a good learning exercise for me in learning
> PythonCard.
>
> I have previosuly tried to code a gui version of this in Tkinter,
> but I became frustrated before I had a working version.
>
> I think PythonCard is already up to the task of coding a version
> of my Decision Analysis. Am I right or is it too early for this?
>
> I realize that I will need to start from scratch and re-code this
> completely, since the gui version is so much different; although I
> welcome any comments to the contrary.
>
> I am thinking of using sliders for data entry, although I could
> use other forms of data input, obviously.
>
> If any one has any comments, or general suggetions before I get
> too far along on this project, please let me know.
>
> Since I am a newbie and busy with a full time job, this task may
> take me awhile, so don't expect immediate results. But once I do
> get it, maybe the results will be of use somehow. I doubt it
> would be usefull enough to include in the samples of PythonCard, but
> anyway, here I go....it's all about learning at this point.
>
> I caught on to Python easier than I expected, and I was pleased
> to be able to do this simple program. But learning gui event driven
> programming has been hard for me (I suppose learning to really
> use classes, OOP, gui's and event driven programming all at once is
> causing me confusion ;-)))). Anyway, I am determined to stick it
> out with PythonCard though.
>
>
> Ron Stephens
>
> #
> # This is a decision analysis program that was my first real
> Python program, based on weighted
> # averages of scores on several criteria for various questions
> that need to be decided.
> # There is a general program for any kind of decision, allowing
> user input of options
> # to be decided amongst and criteria to use for decisions; and
> then there are a few
> # examples of specific options to be decided amongst with
> pre-coded "values' or scores
> # for the various options for various criteria.
> # It is my goal to code this program using PythonCard.
>
>
>
> print "A General Decision Analysis Program."
> print
> print "Have You Ever Had to Make Up Your Mind?"
> print
>
> import sys
>
> def get_number(prompt, lower=sys.maxint * -1, upper=sys.maxint):
> """ get_number(prompt) -> float
>
> This function prompts for a number. If the user enters bad input, such as
> 'cat' or '3l', it will prompt again.
> Now checks for upper and lower bounds.
> """
> res = None
> while res is None:
> try:
> res = float(raw_input(prompt))
> try:
> assert lower <= res <= upper
> except AssertionError:
> print "Value must be between", lower, \
> "and", upper
> res = None
> except ValueError: pass
>
>
> return res
>
>
> def get_list(heading, prompt):
>
> print heading
> print
> print "(enter a blank line to end the list)"
> ret = []
> i = 1
> while 1:
> line = raw_input(prompt % i)
> if not line:
> break
> ret.append(line)
> i=i+1
> print
> return ret
>
> def get_user_rankings(criteria):
> # Next, get the user to rank his criteria. I use a system
> where higher
> # is better, so that an undesirable characteristic can be
> given a negative
> # weight.
> #
> # {} is a dictionary, it can be indexed by (nearly) any expression,
> # and we will index it with the names of the criteria.
>
> rankings = {}
> print
> print "Enter relative importance of criteria (higher is more
> important)"
> print
> for c in criteria:
> rankings[c] = get_number("Criterion %s: " % c)
> return rankings
>
> def get_user_scores(options, criteria):
> # Next, get the user to score each option on all the criteria.
> # Scores are stored as a two-dimensional dictionary, like so:
> # {'option1': {'criteria1': 100, 'criteria2': 10},
> # 'option2': {'criteria1': 50, 'criteria2': 10}
> # }
> scores = {}
> print
> print "Enter score for each option on each criterion"
> print
> for o in options:
> scores[o] = {}
> print
> print "Scores for option %s" % o
> print
> for c in criteria:
> scores[o][c] = get_number("Criterion %s: " % c)
> return scores
>
> def calculate_results(options, scores, rankings):
> # Calculate the resulting score for each option. This equation
> # is different from Rod Stephen's original program, because I
> # make more important criteria have higher rankings, and even let
> # bad criteria have negative rankings.
>
> # The "result" dictionary is indexed with the names of the options.
> result = {}
> # Criteria can be found automatically, doesn't need to be
> # passed as an argument.
> criteria = scores[options[0]].keys()
> for o in options:
> value = 0
> for c in criteria:
> # print o, c, rankings[c], scores[o][c]
> value = value + rankings[c] * scores[o][c]
> result[o] = value
> return result
>
> def ranked_list(results):
> # Now, I want to take the dictionary result, and turn it into
> a ranked list
>
> results = results.items() # A list of tuples (key, value)
> results.sort(lambda x, y: -cmp(x[1], y[1]))
> # Sort the list using the reverse of the
> # "value" of the entry, so that higher
> # values come first
> return results
>
>
> def generic_decision_analyzer(options, criteria):
> pass
>
> def decisionanalysis():
> # This code is placed in the public domain
> print
> print "This is a general decision program, and you can define
> your choices and criteria."
> print
> print "When prompted, please enter the options or choices
> that you need to decide amongst."
> print
> print "Then, when prompted, enter the criteria for making
> this decision."
>
>
> # First, ask the user to enter the lists
> options = get_list("Enter your options:", "Option %d: ")
> criteria = get_list("Now, enter your criteria:", "Criterion %d: ")
>
> print "A program to help you make decisions."
> rankings = get_user_rankings(criteria)
> scores = get_user_scores(options, criteria)
> results = ranked_list(calculate_results(options, scores, rankings))
> print
> print "Results, in order from highest to lowest score"
> print
> print "%5s\t%s" % ("Score", "Option")
>
> # Take the pairs out of results in order, and print them out
> for option, result in results:
> print "%5s\t%s" % (result, option)
>
>
>
> # Here's the scores used by the language-choice functions.
> language_scores = {"Python": {"ease of learning":100,
> "ease of use":100,
> "speed of program execution":10,
> "quality of available tools":70,
> "popularity":50,
> "power & expressiveness":100,
> "cross platform?":100,
> "cost":100},
> "Perl": {"ease of learning":50,
> "ease of use":60,
> "speed of program execution":20,
> "quality of available tools":50,
> "popularity":85,
> "power & expressiveness":70,
> "cross platform?":100,
> "cost":100},
> "Ruby": { "ease of learning":50,
> "ease of use":100,
> "speed of program execution":20,
> "quality of available tools":20,
> "popularity":10,
> "power & expressiveness":100,
> "cross platform?":80,
> "cost":100},
> "Tcl": {"ease of learning":100,
> "ease of use":100,
> "speed of program execution":10,
> "quality of available tools":50,
> "popularity":40,
> "power & expressiveness":10,
> "cross platform?":100,
> "cost":100},
> "JavaScript": {"ease of learning":70,
> "ease of use":75,
> "speed of program execution":10,
> "quality of available tools":50,
> "popularity":100,
> "power & expressiveness":40,
> "cross platform?":50,
> "cost":100},
> "Visual Basic": {"ease of learning":50,
> "ease of use":100,
> "speed of program execution":20,
> "quality of available tools":100,
> "popularity":100,
> "power & expressiveness":50,
> "cross platform?":1,
> "cost":1},
> "Java": {"ease of learning":15,
> "ease of use":50,
> "speed of program execution":50,
> "quality of available tools":100,
> "popularity":90,
> "power & expressiveness":100,
> "cross platform?":100,
> "cost":100},
> "C++": {"ease of learning":10,
> "ease of use":25,
> "speed of program execution":90,
> "quality of available tools":90,
> "popularity":80,
> "power & expressiveness":100,
> "cross platform?":90,
> "cost":100},
> "C": {"ease of learning":15,
> "ease of use":20,
> "speed of program execution":100,
> "quality of available tools":80,
> "popularity":80,
> "power & expressiveness":80,
> "cross platform?":110,
> "cost":100},
> "Lisp": {"ease of learning":40,
> "ease of use":50,
> "speed of program execution":80,
> "quality of available tools":60,
> "popularity":25,
> "power & expressiveness":110,
> "cross platform?":80,
> "cost":90},
> "Delphi": {"ease of learning":50,
> "ease of use":110,
> "speed of program execution":85,
> "quality of available tools":100,
> "popularity":30,
> "power & expressiveness":100,
> "cross platform?":80,
> "cost":10}
> }
>
>
>
> def ProgramLanguageFinal():
> print "This is a program to help give you an idea which
> programming languages you should consider learning."
> print "While there are any number of languages you might
> consider, this program considers only 11 of the most popluar ones."
> print
> print "The program will ask you to input a ranking or
> weighting for a number of criteria that may be of importance"
> print "in choosing your next programming language."
>
> # First look up the criteria listed in the scores.
> # To do that, we need a language name, which can also
> # be looked up from the scores.
> languages = language_scores.keys()
> some_language = languages[0]
> criteria = language_scores[some_language].keys()
> rankings = get_user_rankings(criteria)
> results = ranked_list(calculate_results(languages,
> language_scores, rankings))
> # Take the pairs out of results in order, and print them out
> for option, result in results:
> print "%5s\t%s" % (result, option)
>
>
> def ProgramLanguageScript():
> print
> print "This is a program to help you choose a scripting language."
> print
> print "You will be asked to rank some important criteria as
> to their relative importance to you."
> print "These criteria are 'ease of learning', 'ease of use',
> 'speed of program execution'"
> "'quality of available tools', 'popularity', and 'power &
> expressiveness'"
> print
> print "Please rank each of the criteria with a number from 1
> to 100 when prompted."
> print
> print "100 means of highest relative importance, 1 means of
> least importance."
>
> # This time we want a subset of languages, so I'm going to
> specify them.
> options = ["Python", "Perl", "Ruby", "Tcl", "JavaScript",
> "Visual Basic"]
> criteria = language_scores[options[0]].keys()
> rankings = get_user_rankings(criteria)
> results = ranked_list(calculate_results(options,
> language_scores, rankings))
> # Take the pairs out of results in order, and print them out
> for option, result in results:
> print "%5s %s" % (result, option)
>
>
> def Basketball():
> print "This is a program to help you decide which team will
> win a basketball game"
> print
> print "When prompted, enter a number ranking each team on the
> prompted team skill"
> print "on a scale from 1 to 100, with 1 being terrible and
> 100 being the best imaginable"
> print
> team_one = raw_input ("What is the name of team one: ")
> team_two = raw_input ("What is the name of team two: ")
> teams = (team_one, team_two)
>
> rankings = {"speed":100, "size":66, "jumping_ability":50,
> "defense":60, "shooting":75, "ballhandling":50, "rebounding":50}
> criteria = rankings.keys()
> scores = {team_one: {},
> team_two: {}}
> for c in criteria:
> for team in (team_one, team_two):
> scores[team][c] = get_number("rank the team %s of %s
> on a scale of 1 to 100: " % (c, team), 1, 100)
>
> results = calculate_results(teams, scores, rankings)
> for team in teams:
> print "%s has a power ranking of %d" % (team, results[team])
> # Now, who won?
> ranked_results = ranked_list(results)
> # Compare the scores.
> if ranked_results[0][1] == ranked_results[1][1]:
> print "the two teams are a toss-up!!!"
> else:
> print "%s wins!!" % ranked_results[0][0]
>
>
> def YesNo():
> print "Program to help you make a Yes or No decision."
> options = ["Yes", "No"]
> criteria = get_list("Enter your criteria ...", "Criterion %d: ")
>
> rankings = get_user_rankings(criteria)
> scores = get_user_scores(options, criteria )
> print `scores`
> results = ranked_list(calculate_results(options, scores, rankings))
> print
> print "The results are"
> print
> print "%5s %s" % ("Score", "Option")
>
> for option, result in results:
> print "%5s %s" % (result, option)
>
> if results[0] > results[1]:
> print "You should decide Yes!!!"
>
> else:
> print
> print "You should decide No!!!"
> print
>
>
> ###### MAIN LOOP ############
>
> while 1: # loop forever
>
> print "Please enter the number for the type of decision you
> wish to analayze:"
> print "1. General Decision Analysis, you choose the options,
> criteria, etc."
> print "2. Help in Choosing Programming Language amongst 11
> popular languages"
> print "3. Help in choosing scripting programming language
> amongst 6 scripting languages"
> print "4. Which Basketball Team will win the Game???"
> print "5. Questions with Yes or No type answers"
> choice = get_number("Please type in the number of the type of
> decision-program you wish to run from above and hit enter:", 1, 5)
>
> if choice ==1:
> decisionanalysis()
> elif choice ==2:
> ProgramLanguageFinal()
> elif choice ==3:
> ProgramLanguageScript()
> elif choice ==4:
> Basketball()
> elif choice ==5:
> YesNo()
> elif choice =="quit":
> break # exit from infinite loop
> else:
> print "Invalid operation"
>
>
>
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>
>
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