Re: [Opensc-devel] Support for the Montenegrin eID

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Inside the middleware, there is a minidriver named ciamd.dll

What I would suggest is to write a program like the one I wrote here (
https://github.com/vletoux/openpgpmdrv/tree/master/OpenPGPminidriverTest)
that connects to the minidriver and realize basic functions (enumerating
public keys, certificates, encrypts, change pin, etc).
You can add a hook to dump the instructions sent to the card.

You can use the following code to hook the SCardTransmit function:

void PrintHexToDebug(const BYTE* buffer, DWORD length) {
// Allocate memory dynamically
TCHAR* hexStr = (TCHAR*)malloc((3 * length + 1) * sizeof(TCHAR));
if (hexStr == NULL) {
OutputDebugString(TEXT("Memory allocation failed\n"));
return;
}

for (DWORD i = 0; i < length; i++) {
_stprintf_s(&hexStr[i * 3], 4, TEXT("%02X "), buffer[i]);
}
hexStr[3 * length] = '\0';
OutputDebugString(hexStr);

// Free the allocated memory
free(hexStr);
}

LONG WINAPI MySCardTransmit(
SCARDHANDLE hCard,
LPCSCARD_IO_REQUEST pioSendPci,
LPCBYTE pbSendBuffer,
DWORD cbSendLength,
LPSCARD_IO_REQUEST pioRecvPci,
LPBYTE pbRecvBuffer,
LPDWORD pcbRecvLength
) {
// Trace the input buffer
OutputDebugString(TEXT("pbSendBuffer: "));
PrintHexToDebug(pbSendBuffer, cbSendLength);
OutputDebugString(TEXT("\n"));
// Call the original SCardTransmit
LONG result = SCardTransmit(hCard, pioSendPci, pbSendBuffer, cbSendLength,
pioRecvPci, pbRecvBuffer, pcbRecvLength);

// Write the return code as hex
TCHAR returnCodeStr[30];
_stprintf_s(returnCodeStr, ARRAYSIZE(returnCodeStr), TEXT("Return code:
%08X\n"), result);
OutputDebugString(returnCodeStr);

// If the return code is successful, dump the output buffer
if (result == SCARD_S_SUCCESS && pcbRecvLength && pbRecvBuffer) {
(TEXT("pbRecvBuffer: "));
PrintHexToDebug(pbRecvBuffer, *pcbRecvLength);
OutputDebugString(TEXT("\n"));
}

return result;
}

VOID EnableHook(HMODULE hModule)
{
HMODULE hScard = LoadLibrary(TEXT("Winscard.dll"));
PROC pfnScardTransmit = GetProcAddress(hScard, "SCardTransmit");
PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER pDosHeader = (PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)hModule;
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS pNtHeaders = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)((BYTE*)hModule +
pDosHeader->e_lfanew);
PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR pImportDesc =
(PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)((BYTE*)hModule +
pNtHeaders->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT].VirtualAddress);

while (pImportDesc->Name) {
LPCSTR pszModName = (LPCSTR)((BYTE*)hModule + pImportDesc->Name);
if (_stricmp(pszModName, "Winscard.dll") == 0) {
PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA pThunk = (PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)((BYTE*)hModule +
pImportDesc->FirstThunk);
while (pThunk->u1.Function) {
PROC* ppfn = (PROC*)&pThunk->u1.Function;
if (*ppfn == (PROC)pfnScardTransmit) {
DWORD oldProtect;
VirtualProtect(ppfn, sizeof(PROC), PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &oldProtect);
*ppfn = (PROC)MySCardTransmit;
VirtualProtect(ppfn, sizeof(PROC), oldProtect, &oldProtect);
}
pThunk++;
}
break;
}
pImportDesc++;
}
}

And to initialize the minidriver:

DWORD Connect(BOOL fSystemDll = TRUE)
{
DWORD dwReturn = 0;
SCARDCONTEXT     hSCardContext = NULL;
SCARDHANDLE hSCardHandle = NULL;
TCHAR szCardModule[256];
TCHAR szReader[256];
DWORD dwCardModuleSize = ARRAYSIZE(szCardModule);
DWORD dwReaderSize = ARRAYSIZE(szReader);
OPENCARDNAME_EX  dlgStruct;
PFN_CARD_ACQUIRE_CONTEXT pfnCardAcquireContext;

__try
{
// find a smart card
/////////////////////

dwReturn = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER,
NULL,
NULL,
&hSCardContext);
if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != dwReturn)
{
__leave;
}

// Initialize the structure.
memset(&dlgStruct, 0, sizeof(dlgStruct));
dlgStruct.dwStructSize = sizeof(dlgStruct);
dlgStruct.hSCardContext = hSCardContext;
dlgStruct.dwFlags = SC_DLG_MINIMAL_UI;
dlgStruct.lpstrRdr = szReader;
dlgStruct.nMaxRdr = dwReaderSize;
dlgStruct.lpstrCard = szCard;
dlgStruct.nMaxCard = ARRAYSIZE(szCard);
dlgStruct.lpstrTitle = L"Select Card";
dlgStruct.dwShareMode = 0;
// Display the select card dialog box.
dwReturn = SCardUIDlgSelectCard(&dlgStruct);
if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != dwReturn)
{
__leave;
}

// find the dll path / name
////////////////////////////
if (fSystemDll)
{

dwReturn = SCardGetCardTypeProviderName(
hSCardContext,
szCard,
SCARD_PROVIDER_CARD_MODULE,
(PTSTR)&szCardModule,
&dwCardModuleSize);
if (0 == dwCardModuleSize)
{
dwReturn = (DWORD)SCARD_E_UNKNOWN_CARD;
__leave;
}
}
else
{
#ifdef _M_X64
_tcscpy_s(szCardModule, dwCardModuleSize, TEXT("Name of the dll.dll"));
#else
_tcscpy_s(szCardModule, dwCardModuleSize, TEXT("Name of the dll.dll"));
#endif
}
// connect to the smart card
////////////////////////////
DWORD dwProtocol, dwState;
dwReturn = SCardConnect(hSCardContext, szReader, SCARD_SHARE_SHARED,
SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, &hSCardHandle, &dwProtocol);
if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != dwReturn)
{
__leave;
}
atr.cbAtr = 32;
dwReturn = SCardStatus(hSCardHandle, szReader, &dwReaderSize, &dwState,
&dwProtocol, atr.rgbAtr, &atr.cbAtr);
if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != dwReturn)
{
__leave;
}
// load
////////
if (NULL == (hModule = LoadLibrary(szCardModule)))
{
dwReturn = GetLastError();
__leave;
}
if (fSystemDll)
{
EnableHook(hModule);
}
if (NULL == (pfnCardAcquireContext =
(PFN_CARD_ACQUIRE_CONTEXT)GetProcAddress(
hModule, "CardAcquireContext")))
{
dwReturn = GetLastError();
__leave;
}
// initialize context
//////////////////////
pCardData = &CardData;
pCardData->dwVersion = CARD_DATA_CURRENT_VERSION;
pCardData->pfnCspAlloc = _Alloc;
pCardData->pfnCspFree = _Free;
pCardData->pfnCspReAlloc = _ReAlloc;
pCardData->pfnCspCacheAddFile = _CacheAddFileStub;
pCardData->pfnCspCacheLookupFile = _CacheLookupFileStub;
pCardData->pfnCspCacheDeleteFile = _CacheDeleteFileStub;
pCardData->hScard = hSCardHandle;
pCardData->hSCardCtx = hSCardContext;
pCardData->cbAtr = atr.cbAtr;
pCardData->pbAtr = atr.rgbAtr;
pCardData->pwszCardName = szCard;
//dwReturn = SCardBeginTransaction(hSCardHandle);
if (SCARD_S_SUCCESS != dwReturn)
{
__leave;
}
dwReturn = pfnCardAcquireContext(pCardData, 0);
}
__finally
{
if (dwReturn != 0)
{
if (hSCardHandle)
{
SCardEndTransaction(hSCardHandle, SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
SCardDisconnect(hSCardHandle, 0);
}
if (hSCardContext)
SCardReleaseContext(hSCardContext);
}
}
return dwReturn;
}

DWORD Disconnect()
{
DWORD dwReturn = 0;
if (pCardData)
{
if (pCardData->hScard)
{
SCardEndTransaction(pCardData->hScard, SCARD_LEAVE_CARD);
SCardDisconnect(pCardData->hScard, 0);
}
if (pCardData->hSCardCtx)
SCardReleaseContext(pCardData->hSCardCtx);
pCardData = NULL;
}
else
{
dwReturn = SCARD_E_COMM_DATA_LOST;
}
return dwReturn;
}

You can then call directly :

DWORD GenerateNewKey(DWORD dwIndex)
{
DWORD dwReturn, dwKeySpec;
PIN_ID  PinId;
__try
{
if (!pCardData)
{
dwReturn = SCARD_E_COMM_DATA_LOST;
__leave;
}
switch(dwIndex)
{
case 0: //Signature,
dwKeySpec = AT_SIGNATURE;
PinId = ROLE_USER;
break;
case 2: //Authentication,
dwKeySpec = AT_SIGNATURE;
PinId = 3;
break;
case 1: // Confidentiality,
dwKeySpec = AT_KEYEXCHANGE;
PinId = 4;
break;
default:
dwReturn = SCARD_E_UNEXPECTED;
__leave;
}
dwReturn = pCardData->pfnCardCreateContainerEx(pCardData, (BYTE) dwIndex,
CARD_CREATE_CONTAINER_KEY_GEN,
dwKeySpec, 1024, NULL, PinId);
}
__finally
{
}
return dwReturn;
}

br
Vincent

Le ven. 25 avr. 2025 à 22:53, Frank Morgner <fra...@gm...> a
écrit :

> The middleware is available on the bottom of this page
> https://www.gov.me/clanak/preuzmite-software-i-uputstva
>
> But I think you already know that. You analyzed that in 2024 already,
> didn't you?
>
> Regards.
> Am 22.04.25 um 14:44 schrieb dzeri96 via Opensc-devel:
>
> Hello everyone,
>
> I'm trying to kickstart support for the new Montenegrin eID
> <https://www.gov.me/mup/elk>, or at least figure out how it works. I've
> sent multiple requests for technical specs to the government, but unless I
> take them to court, I doubt I'll get any useful information. Therefore I'll
> just write down what I manage to figure out on my own, and hopefully you
> can provide further insight. One thing about a country as small as
> Montenegro, is that there is a very high probability we didn't implement
> anything custom, as it's not financially viable.
>
> Here's what I have so far:
>
>    - *ATR*:
>    3b:dc:96:ff:81:91:fe:1f:c3:80:73:c8:21:13:66:05:03:63:51:00:02:de. It
>    doesn't seem to comply with the ATR scheme in the IAS ECC specification,
>    even though the government says the card complies with all EU ID
>    regulations (unclear which ones).
>    - *EF.ATR raw data*: 80004301B946040400ECC24703940180
>    4F0BF0496173456363526F6F74E01002 020104020200E6020200E6020200E678
>    0806062B8122F8780282029000
>    - *EF.DIR raw data*: 61374F0EE828BD080FD25047656E6572
>    6963500743686970446F63731C300404 025031A004040250324F0EE828BD080F
>    D2504543432D654944610F4F07A00000 0247100150044943414F61184F0A4D4F
>    4E54454E4547524F500A4E6174696F6E 616C4944
>    - By deciphering the EF.DIR data, we can discover 4 applications:
>       - E828BD080FD25047656E65726963 - ECC Generic PKI / ChipDocs Applet
>       - E828BD080FD2504543432D654944 - ECC eID
>       - A0000002471001 - ICAO
>       - 4D4F4E54454E4547524F - Spells out MONTENEGRO in ASCII, label is
>       "NationalID". No idea what this could be... maybe something related to
>       healthcare?
>    - I managed to use npa-tool and read the MRZ stored on the card using
>    CAN-based PACE, but all other functions of the tool don't work, not even
>    PIN-based PACE. I'm just using it as an APDU debugger with PACE support.
>    - The official middleware supplied by the government is Athena
>    IDProtect.
>    - The activation software is available here
>    <https://wapi.gov.me/download/e63b50c5-9ccc-4034-961f-5bb401a9b375?version=1.0>.
>    It's a java program developed by Mühlbauer <https://www.muehlbauer.de/>.
>    I decompiled it and saw that it's accessing the ECC eID application. I
>    managed to extract some APDUs and get the activation status of the card
>    (PIN change is required on first use).
>    - iasecc-tool and pkcs15-tool say "Card is invalid or cannot be
>    handled" regardless of what I try.
>
> I've skimmed over hundreds of pages of standards, including the ISO-7816
> parts, the NXP ChipDoc v4 spec, the BSI TR-03110, the IAS ECC spec, but I
> can barely find any concrete info on these applications. Someone must know
> how to access them because there are vendor-provided tools to do so.
>
> My goals are:
>
>    1. Get general knowledge about the card and build some PoC APDU chains
>    to read/set data.
>    2. Get the birthdate of the person via PIN-based auth and verify the
>    authenticity of the data.
>    3. Get the openSC suite of tools to work with the card.
>    4. Replace the closed-source middleware provided by the government.
>
>
> I would really appreciate any help here. Thanks!
>
>
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>
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Re: [Opensc-devel] Support for the Montenegrin eID

OpenSC - tools and libraries for smart cards

Re: [Opensc-devel] Support for the Montenegrin eID