Similiar to the fast multipole method i guess.
I realized that simulating a very large number of particles in e.g. electromagnetic sims can run into growing i/o demands. This is a way to overcome that hurdle. the low-level "octets" can be distributed among a cluster of computers, organized in a grid. they don't have to send each other their whole dataset - only a zoomed out image of it. the further away, the more zoomed out. thus, i/o traffic is greatly reduced. combine this with the fact that it's an O(N) algorithm, and what you get is an accurate particle-based physics simulator whose simulation speed scales with the number of particles per compute unit even for VERY large particle counts and VERY large computing arrays. In a phrase, simulation on a massive scale!
Follow Octree Method For Particles
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i made this.