From: <cd...@us...> - 2012-03-25 22:44:39
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Revision: 10058 http://octave.svn.sourceforge.net/octave/?rev=10058&view=rev Author: cdf Date: 2012-03-25 22:44:30 +0000 (Sun, 25 Mar 2012) Log Message: ----------- new version of secs1d Modified Paths: -------------- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/DESCRIPTION trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/INDEX Added Paths: ----------- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/DDG/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/DDN/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/PKG_ADD trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/Utilities/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/secs1d_demo_pndiode.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/src/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/COPYING.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_dd_gummel_map_205.png trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_dd_newton_819.png trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton_85.png trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_newton.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_physical_constants.m.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.pdf trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.tex trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_dd_newton.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_physical_constants.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m Removed Paths: ------------- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/README trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/DDG/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/DDN/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/Utilities/ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_demo_pndiode.m trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/src/ Modified: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/DESCRIPTION =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/DESCRIPTION 2012-03-25 22:35:18 UTC (rev 10057) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/DESCRIPTION 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ Name: SECS1D -Version: 0.0.8 -Date: 2008-08-23 +Version: 0.0.9 +Date: 2012-03-25 Author: Carlo de Falco Maintainer: Carlo de Falco Title: SEmi Conductor Simulator in 1D Description: A Drift-Diffusion simulator for 1d semiconductor devices Categories: Electrical Engineering -Depends: octave (>= 2.9.17) +Depends: octave (>= 3.0), bim Autoload: no License: GPL version 2 or later Modified: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/INDEX =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/INDEX 2012-03-25 22:35:18 UTC (rev 10057) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/INDEX 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -1,23 +1,9 @@ secs1D >> SEmiConductor Simulator in 1D -DDG - DDGelectron_driftdiffusion - DDGgummelmap - DDGhole_driftdiffusion - DDGn2phin - DDGnlpoisson - DDGp2phip - DDGphin2n - DDGphip2p - DDGplotresults -DDN - DDNnewtonmap -Utilities - constants - Ubern - Ubernoulli - Ucompconst - Ucomplap - Ucompmass - Udriftdiffusion - Umediaarmonica - Uscharfettergummel +Drift-Diffusion solvers + secs1d_dd_gummel_map + secs1d_dd_newton +non-linear Poisson solver + secs1d_nlpoisson_newton +Physical constants and material data + secs1d_physical_constants.m + secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m \ No newline at end of file Deleted: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/README =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/README 2012-03-25 22:35:18 UTC (rev 10057) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/README 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -1,22 +0,0 @@ - - SECS1D - A 1-D Drift--Diffusion Semiconductor Device Simulator - ------------------------------------------------------------------- - Copyright (C) 2004-2007 Carlo de Falco - -This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify -it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by -the Free Software Foundation. - -This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, -but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of -MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the -GNU General Public License for more details. - -You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License -along with this program (see the file COPYING); if not, see -<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. - -For more information, you may also contact me by email at - - de...@ma... - Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/PKG_ADD =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/PKG_ADD (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/PKG_ADD 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +dirlist = {"Utilities","DDG","DDN"}; + +dir = fileparts (mfilename ("fullpath")); + +if (! exist (fullfile (dir, "inst"), "dir")) + ## Run this if the package is installed + for ii=1:length(dirlist) + addpath ( [ canonicalize_file_name([dir "/.."]) "/" dirlist{ii}]) + endfor +else + ## Run this if we are testing the package without installation + for ii=1:length(dirlist) + addpath ([ canonicalize_file_name(dir) "/inst/" dirlist{ii}]) + endfor +endif + +warning ("off", "Octave:fopen-file-in-path"); +warning ("off", "Octave:load-file-in-path"); +clear dirlist dir Copied: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/secs1d_demo_pndiode.m (from rev 10018, trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_demo_pndiode.m) =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/secs1d_demo_pndiode.m (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/bak/secs1d_demo_pndiode.m 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +## Copyright (C) 2009 Carlo de Falco +## +## SECS1D - A 1-D Drift--Diffusion Semiconductor Device Simulator +## +## SECS1D is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +## (at your option) any later version. +## +## SECS1D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +## GNU General Public License for more details. +## +## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +## along with SECS1D; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +## +## author: Carlo de Falco <cdf _AT_ users.sourceforge.net> + +function secs1d_demo_pndiode () + + constants + + len = 1e-6; + Nnodes = 1000; + + vmin = -2; + vmax = 2; + + vstep=.4; + + istep = 1; + va = vmin + + x = linspace(0,len,Nnodes)'; + xm = mean(x); + + Nd=1e25; + Na=1e25; + + D = Nd * (x>xm) - Na * (x<=xm); + + nn = (Nd + sqrt(Nd^2+4*ni^2))/2; + pp = (Na + sqrt(Na^2+4*ni^2))/2; + + xn = xm+1e-7; + xp = xm-1e-7; + + %% Scaling coefficients + xs = len; + ns = norm(D,inf); + idata.D = D/ns; + Vs = Vth; + us = un; + Js = xs / (us * Vs * q * ns); + + + while va <= vmax + + vvect(istep) = va; + + n(:,istep) = nn * (x>=xn) + (ni^2)/pp * (x<xn); + p(:,istep) = (ni^2)/nn * (x>xp) + pp * (x<=xp); + + Fn = va*(x<=xm); + Fp = Fn; + + V(:,istep) = (Fn - Vth * log(p(:,istep)/ni)); + + %% Scaling + xin = x/xs; + idata.n = n(:,istep)/ns; + idata.p = p(:,istep)/ns; + idata.V = V(:,istep)/Vs; + idata.Fn = (Fn - Vs * log(ni/ns))/Vs; + idata.Fp = (Fp + Vs * log(ni/ns))/Vs; + + lambda2(istep) = idata.l2 = (Vs*esi)/(q*ns*xs^2); + idata.nis = ni/ns; + idata.un = un/us; + idata.up = up/us; + + %% Solution of DD system + + %% Algorithm parameters + toll = 1e-3; + maxit = 20; + ptoll = 1e-10; + pmaxit = 100; + verbose = 0; + sinodes = [1:length(x)]; + idata.tn = inf; + idata.tp = inf; + + [odata,it,res] = DDGgummelmap (xin,idata,toll,maxit,ptoll,pmaxit,verbose); + [odata,it,res] = DDNnewtonmap (xin,odata,toll, maxit,verbose); + + n(:,istep) = odata.n; + p(:,istep) = odata.p; + V(:,istep) = odata.V; + + DV(istep) = odata.V(end) - odata.V(1); + Emax(istep) = max(abs(diff(odata.V)./diff(xin))) + + Bp = Ubernoulli(diff (V(:, istep)),1); + Bm = Ubernoulli(diff (V(:, istep)),0); + Jn(:,istep) = -odata.un * (n(2:end, istep).*Bp-n(1:end-1, istep).*Bm)./diff (xin); + Jp(:,istep) = odata.up * (p(2:end, istep).*Bm-p(1:end-1, istep).*Bp)./diff (xin); + + va = va+vstep + istep = istep+1; + + endwhile + + %% Descaling + n = n*ns; + p = p*ns; + V = V*Vs; + J = abs (Jp+Jn)*Js; + + close all + + figure(); + plot(x, n.') + xlabel("x") + ylabel("n") + + figure(); + plot(vvect, J) + xlabel("V") + ylabel("J") + + figure(); + plot(vvect, Emax) + xlabel("V") + ylabel("max(abs(\\phi^\'))") + +endfunction \ No newline at end of file Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/COPYING.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/COPYING.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/COPYING.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,345 @@ + +\begin{verbatim} + GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE + Version 2, June 1991 + + Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/> + Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies + of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. + + Preamble + + The licenses for most software are designed to take away your +freedom to share and change it. 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See the + GNU General Public License for more details. + + You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this +when it starts in an interactive mode: + + Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author + Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. + This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it + under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. + +The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may +be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be +mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your +school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if +necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: + + Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program + `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. + + <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 + Ty Coon, President of Vice + +This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into +proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may +consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the +library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General +Public License instead of this License. + + + +\end{verbatim} +\null + Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_dd_gummel_map_205.png =================================================================== (Binary files differ) Property changes on: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_dd_gummel_map_205.png ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:mime-type + application/octet-stream Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_dd_newton_819.png =================================================================== (Binary files differ) Property changes on: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_dd_newton_819.png ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:mime-type + application/octet-stream Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton_85.png =================================================================== (Binary files differ) Property changes on: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/images/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton_85.png ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:mime-type + application/octet-stream Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,183 @@ +\begin{verbatim} + + + [n, p, V, Fn, Fp, Jn, Jp, it, res] = secs1d_dd_gummel_map (x, D, Na, Nd, + pin, nin, Vin, Fnin, + Fpin, l2, er, u0n, + uminn, vsatn, betan, + Nrefn, u0p, uminp, vsatp, + betap, Nrefp, theta, tn, tp, + Cn, Cp, an, ap, Ecritnin, Ecritpin, + toll, maxit, ptoll, pmaxit) + + This function solves the scaled stationary bipolar DD + equation system using Gummel algorithm + + input: + x spatial grid + D, Na, Nd doping profile + pin initial guess for hole concentration + nin initial guess for electron concentration + Vin initial guess for electrostatic potential + Fnin initial guess for electron Fermi potential + Fpin initial guess for hole Fermi potential + l2 scaled Debye length squared + er relative electric permittivity + u0n, uminn, vsatn, Nrefn electron mobility model coefficients + u0p, uminp, vsatp, Nrefp hole mobility model coefficients + theta intrinsic carrier density + tn, tp, Cn, Cp, + an, ap, + Ecritnin, Ecritpin generation recombination model parameters + toll tolerance for Gummel iterarion convergence test + maxit maximum number of Gummel iterarions + ptoll convergence test tolerance for the non linear + Poisson solver + pmaxit maximum number of Newton iterarions + + output: + n electron concentration + p hole concentration + V electrostatic potential + Fn electron Fermi potential + Fp hole Fermi potential + Jn electron current density + Jp hole current density + it number of Gummel iterations performed + res total potential increment at each step + + +\end{verbatim} + + + + +\subsection{Demo 1 for unction secs1d\_dd\_gummel\_map} +\begin{verbatim} + + % physical constants and parameters + secs1d_physical_constants; + secs1d_silicon_material_properties; + + % geometry + L = 10e-6; % [m] + xm = L/2; + + Nelements = 1000; + x = linspace (0, L, Nelements+1)'; + sinodes = [1:length(x)]; + + % dielectric constant (silicon) + er = esir * ones (Nelements, 1); + + % doping profile [m^{-3}] + Na = 1e23 * (x <= xm); + Nd = 1e23 * (x > xm); + + % avoid zero doping + D = Nd - Na; + + % initial guess for n, p, V, phin, phip + V_p = -1; + V_n = 0; + + Fp = V_p * (x <= xm); + Fn = Fp; + + p = abs (D) / 2 .* (1 + sqrt (1 + 4 * (ni./abs(D)) .^2)) .* (x <= xm) + ... + ni^2 ./ (abs (D) / 2 .* (1 + sqrt (1 + 4 * (ni ./ abs (D)) .^2))) .* (x > xm); + + n = abs (D) / 2 .* (1 + sqrt (1 + 4 * (ni ./ abs (D)) .^ 2)) .* (x > xm) + ... + ni ^ 2 ./ (abs (D) / 2 .* (1 + sqrt (1 + 4 * (ni ./ abs (D)) .^2))) .* (x <= xm); + + V = Fn + Vth * log (n / ni); + + % scaling factors + xbar = L; % [m] + nbar = norm(D, 'inf'); % [m^{-3}] + Vbar = Vth; % [V] + mubar = max (u0n, u0p); % [m^2 V^{-1} s^{-1}] + tbar = xbar^2 / (mubar * Vbar); % [s] + Rbar = nbar / tbar; % [m^{-3} s^{-1}] + Ebar = Vbar / xbar; % [V m^{-1}] + Jbar = q * mubar * nbar * Ebar; % [A m^{-2}] + CAubar = Rbar / nbar^3; % [m^6 s^{-1}] + abar = 1/xbar; % [m^{-1}] + + % scaling procedure + l2 = e0 * Vbar / (q * nbar * xbar^2); + theta = ni / nbar; + + xin = x / xbar; + Din = D / nbar; + Nain = Na / nbar; + Ndin = Nd / nbar; + pin = p / nbar; + nin = n / nbar; + Vin = V / Vbar; + Fnin = Vin - log (nin); + Fpin = Vin + log (pin); + + tnin = tn / tbar; + tpin = tp / tbar; + + u0nin = u0n / mubar; + uminnin = uminn / mubar; + vsatnin = vsatn / (mubar * Ebar); + + u0pin = u0p / mubar; + uminpin = uminp / mubar; + vsatpin = vsatp / (mubar * Ebar); + + Nrefnin = Nrefn / nbar; + Nrefpin = Nrefp / nbar; + + Cnin = Cn / CAubar; + Cpin = Cp / CAubar; + + anin = an / abar; + apin = ap / abar; + Ecritnin = Ecritn / Ebar; + Ecritpin = Ecritp / Ebar; + + % tolerances for convergence checks + toll = 1e-3; + maxit = 1000; + ptoll = 1e-12; + pmaxit = 1000; + + % solve the problem using the full DD model + [nout, pout, Vout, Fnout, Fpout, Jnout, Jpout, it, res] = ... + secs1d_dd_gummel_map (xin, Din, Nain, Ndin, pin, nin, Vin, Fnin, Fpin, ... + l2, er, u0nin, uminnin, vsatnin, betan, Nrefnin, ... + u0pin, uminpin, vsatpin, betap, Nrefpin, theta, ... + tnin, tpin, Cnin, Cpin, anin, apin, ... + Ecritnin, Ecritpin, toll, maxit, ptoll, pmaxit); + + % Descaling procedure + n = nout*nbar; + p = pout*nbar; + V = Vout*Vbar; + Fn = V - Vth*log(n/ni); + Fp = V + Vth*log(p/ni); + dV = diff(V); + dx = diff(x); + E = -dV./dx; + + % band structure + Efn = -Fn; + Efp = -Fp; + Ec = Vth*log(Nc./n)+Efn; + Ev = -Vth*log(Nv./p)+Efp; + + plot (x, Efn, x, Efp, x, Ec, x, Ev) + legend ('Efn', 'Efp', 'Ec', 'Ev') + axis tight +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{figure}\centering +\includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{function/images/secs1d_dd_gummel_map_205.png} +\caption{Figure produced by demo number 1 for function secs1d\_dd\_gummel\_map} +\label{fig:secs1d_dd_gummel_map_figure_1} +\end{figure} +\clearpage Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_newton.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_newton.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_dd_newton.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +\begin{verbatim} + + + [n, p, V, Fn, Fp, Jn, Jp, it, res] = secs1d_dd_newton (x, D, Vin, nin, + pin, l2, er, un, + up, theta, tn, tp, + Cn, Cp, toll, maxit) + + Solve the scaled stationary bipolar DD equation system using Newton's method + + input: + x spatial grid + D doping profile + pin initial guess for hole concentration + nin initial guess for electron concentration + Vin initial guess for electrostatic potential + l2 scaled Debye length squared + er relative electric permittivity + un electron mobility model coefficients + up electron mobility model coefficients + theta intrinsic carrier density + tn, tp, Cn, Cp generation recombination model parameters + toll tolerance for Gummel iterarion convergence test + maxit maximum number of Gummel iterarions + + output: + n electron concentration + p hole concentration + V electrostatic potential + Fn electron Fermi potential + Fp hole Fermi potential + Jn electron current density + Jp hole current density + it number of Gummel iterations performed + res total potential increment at each step + + +\end{verbatim} + + + + +\subsection{Demo 1 for function secs1d\_dd\_newton} +\begin{verbatim} + + % physical constants and parameters + secs1d_physical_constants; + secs1d_silicon_material_properties; + + % geometry + L = 1e-6; % [m] + x = linspace (0, L, 10)'; + sinodes = [1:length(x)]; + + % dielectric constant (silicon) + er = esir * ones (numel (x) - 1, 1); + + % doping profile [m^{-3}] + Na = 1e20 * ones(size(x)); + Nd = 1e24 * ones(size(x)); + D = Nd-Na; + + % externally applied voltages + V_p = 10; + V_n = 0; + + % initial guess for phin, phip, n, p, V + Fp = V_p * (x <= L/2); + Fn = Fp; + + p = abs(D)/2.*(1+sqrt(1+4*(ni./abs(D)).^2)).*(D<0)+... + ni^2./(abs(D)/2.*(1+sqrt(1+4*(ni./abs(D)).^2))).*(D>0); + + n = abs(D)/2.*(1+sqrt(1+4*(ni./abs(D)).^2)).*(D>0)+... + ni^2./(abs(D)/2.*(1+sqrt(1+4*(ni./abs(D)).^2))).*(D<0); + + V = Fn + Vth*log(n/ni); + + % scaling factors + xbar = L; % [m] + nbar = norm(D, 'inf'); % [m^{-3}] + Vbar = Vth; % [V] + mubar = max(u0n, u0p); % [m^2 V^{-1} s^{-1}] + tbar = xbar^2/(mubar*Vbar); % [s] + Rbar = nbar/tbar; % [m^{-3} s^{-1}] + Ebar = Vbar/xbar; % [V m^{-1}] + Jbar = q*mubar*nbar*Ebar; % [A m^{-2}] + CAubar = Rbar/nbar^3; % [m^6 s^{-1}] + abar = xbar^(-1); % [m^{-1}] + + % scaling procedure + l2 = e0*Vbar/(q*nbar*xbar^2); + theta = ni/nbar; + + xin = x/xbar; + Din = D/nbar; + Nain = Na/nbar; + Ndin = Nd/nbar; + pin = p/nbar; + nin = n/nbar; + Vin = V/Vbar; + Fnin = Vin - log(nin); + Fpin = Vin + log(pin); + + tnin = tn/tbar; + tpin = tp/tbar; + + % mobility model accounting scattering from ionized impurities + u0nin = u0n/mubar; + uminnin = uminn/mubar; + vsatnin = vsatn/(mubar*Ebar); + + u0pin = u0p/mubar; + uminpin = uminp/mubar; + vsatpin = vsatp/(mubar*Ebar); + + Nrefnin = Nrefn/nbar; + Nrefpin = Nrefp/nbar; + + Cnin = Cn/CAubar; + Cpin = Cp/CAubar; + + anin = an/abar; + apin = ap/abar; + Ecritnin = Ecritn/Ebar; + Ecritpin = Ecritp/Ebar; + + % tolerances for convergence checks + ptoll = 1e-12; + pmaxit = 1000; + + % solve the problem using the Newton fully coupled iterative algorithm + [nout, pout, Vout, Fnout, Fpout, Jnout, Jpout, it, res] = secs1d_dd_newton (xin, Din, + Vin, nin, pin, l2, er, + u0nin, u0pin, theta, tnin, + tpin, Cnin, Cpin, ptoll, pmaxit); + % Descaling procedure + n = nout*nbar; + p = pout*nbar; + V = Vout*Vbar; + Fn = V - Vth*log(n/ni); + Fp = V + Vth*log(p/ni); + dV = diff(V); + dx = diff(x); + E = -dV./dx; + + % compute current densities + [Bp, Bm] = bimu_bernoulli (dV/Vth); + Jn = q*u0n*Vth .* (n(2:end) .* Bp - n(1:end-1) .* Bm) ./ dx; + Jp = -q*u0p*Vth .* (p(2:end) .* Bm - p(1:end-1) .* Bp) ./ dx; + Jtot = Jn+Jp; + + % band structure + Efn = -Fn; + Efp = -Fp; + Ec = Vth*log(Nc./n)+Efn; + Ev = -Vth*log(Nv./p)+Efp; + + plot (x, Efn, x, Efp, x, Ec, x, Ev) + legend ('Efn', 'Efp', 'Ec', 'Ev') + axis tight +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{figure}\centering +\includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{function/images/secs1d_dd_newton_819.png} +\caption{Figure produced by demo number 1 for function secs1d\_dd\_newton} +\label{fig:secs1d_dd_newton_figure_1} +\end{figure} +\clearpage Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,121 @@ +\begin{verbatim} + + + [V, n, p, res, niter] = secs1d_nlpoisson_newton (x, sinodes, Vin, nin, pin, + Fnin, Fpin, D, l2, er, toll, maxit) + + input: + x spatial grid + sinodes index of the nodes of the grid which are in the semiconductor subdomain + (remaining nodes are assumed to be in the oxide subdomain) + Vin initial guess for the electrostatic potential + nin initial guess for electron concentration + pin initial guess for hole concentration + Fnin initial guess for electron Fermi potential + Fpin initial guess for hole Fermi potential + D doping profile + l2 scaled Debye length squared + er relative electric permittivity + toll tolerance for convergence test + maxit maximum number of Newton iterations + + output: + V electrostatic potential + n electron concentration + p hole concentration + res residual norm at each step + niter number of Newton iterations + + +\end{verbatim} + + + + +\subsection{Demo 1 for function secs1d\_nlpoisson\_newton} +\begin{verbatim} + + secs1d_physical_constants + secs1d_silicon_material_properties + + tbulk= 1.5e-6; + tox = 90e-9; + L = tbulk + tox; + cox = esio2/tox; + + Nx = 50; + Nel = Nx - 1; + + x = linspace (0, L, Nx)'; + sinodes = find (x <= tbulk); + xsi = x(sinodes); + + Nsi = length (sinodes); + Nox = Nx - Nsi; + + NelSi = Nsi - 1; + NelSiO2 = Nox - 1; + + Na = 1e22; + D = - Na * ones (size (xsi)); + p = Na * ones (size (xsi)); + n = (ni^2) ./ p; + Fn = Fp = zeros (size (xsi)); + Vg = -10; + Nv = 80; + for ii = 1:Nv + Vg = Vg + 0.2; + vvect(ii) = Vg; + + V = - Phims + Vg * ones (size (x)); + V(sinodes) = Fn + Vth * log (n/ni); + + % Scaling + xs = L; + ns = norm (D, inf); + Din = D / ns; + Vs = Vth; + xin = x / xs; + nin = n / ns; + pin = p / ns; + Vin = V / Vs; + Fnin = (Fn - Vs * log (ni / ns)) / Vs; + Fpin = (Fp + Vs * log (ni / ns)) / Vs; + + er = esio2r * ones(Nel, 1); + l2(1:NelSi) = esi; + l2 = (Vs*e0)/(q*ns*xs^2); + + % Solution of Nonlinear Poisson equation + + % Algorithm parameters + toll = 1e-10; + maxit = 1000; + + [V, nout, pout, res, niter] = secs1d_nlpoisson_newton (xin, sinodes, + Vin, nin, pin, + Fnin, Fpin, Din, l2, + er, toll, maxit); + + % Descaling + n = nout*ns; + p = pout*ns; + V = V*Vs; + + qtot(ii) = q * trapz (xsi, p + D - n); + end + + vvectm = (vvect(2:end)+vvect(1:end-1))/2; + C = - diff (qtot) ./ diff (vvect); + plot(vvectm, C) + xlabel('Vg [V]') + ylabel('C [Farad]') + title('C-V curve') +\end{verbatim} + +\begin{figure}\centering +\includegraphics[width=.7\linewidth]{function/images/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton_85.png} +\caption{Figure produced by demo number 1 for function secs1d\_nlpoisson\_newton} +\label{fig:secs1d_nlpoisson_newton_figure_1} +\end{figure} +\clearpage Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_physical_constants.m.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_physical_constants.m.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_physical_constants.m.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +\begin{verbatim} + + + some useful physical constants + + Kb = Boltzman constant + q = quantum of charge + e0 = permittivity of free space + hplanck = Plank constant + hbar = Plank constant by 2 pi + mn0 = free electron mass + T0 = temperature + Vth = thermal voltage + + +\end{verbatim} + +\clearpage Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/function/secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +\begin{verbatim} + + + material properties for silicon and silicon dioxide + + esir = relative electric permittivity of silicon + esio2r = relative electric permittivity of silicon dioxide + esi = electric permittivity of silicon + esio2 = electric permittivity of silicon dioxide + mn = effective mass of electrons in silicon + mh = effective mass of holes in silicon + + u0n = low field electron mobility + u0p = low field hole mobility + uminn = parameter for doping-dependent electron mobility + betan = idem + Nrefn = idem + uminp = parameter for doping-dependent hole mobility + betap = idem + Nrefp = idem + vsatn = electron saturation velocity + vsatp = hole saturation velocity + tp = electron lifetime + tn = hole lifetime + Cn = electron Auger coefficient + Cp = hole Auger coefficient + an = impact ionization rate for electrons + ap = impact ionization rate for holes + Ecritn = critical field for impact ionization of electrons + Ecritp = critical field for impact ionization of holes + Nc = effective density of states in the conduction band + Nv = effective density of states in the valence band + Egap = bandgap in silicon + EgapSio2 = bandgap in silicon dioxide + + ni = intrinsic carrier density + Phims = metal to semiconductor potential barrier + + +\end{verbatim} + +\clearpage Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.pdf =================================================================== (Binary files differ) Property changes on: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.pdf ___________________________________________________________________ Added: svn:mime-type + application/octet-stream Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.tex =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.tex (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/doc/manual.tex 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,266 @@ +\documentclass[10pt]{article} +\usepackage{geometry} +\geometry{a4paper} +\hoffset=-1cm +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage{epstopdf} +\usepackage{cprotect} +\usepackage{float} +\floatstyle{plain} +\newfloat{demo}{thp}{dem} +\floatname{demo}{Demo} +\newfloat{demoout}{thp}{deo} +\floatname{demoout}{Demo Output} +\newcommand{\unit}[1]{\mathrm{#1}} +\newcommand{\electronvolt}{\unit{eV}} +\newcommand{\kelvin}{\unit{K}} +\newcommand{\nano}{\unit{n}} +\newcommand{\meter}{\unit{m}} +\newcommand{\second}{\unit{s}} +\newcommand{\volt}{\unit{V}} +\newcommand{\Ampere}{\unit{A}} + + +\title{secs1d} +\author{Carlo de Falco \and Riccardo Sacco} +\begin{document} +\maketitle +\tableofcontents + +\begin{table} +\caption{secs1d Package Description} +\centering +\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} +\hline +{\bf Name: } & secs1d\\ \hline +{\bf Description: } & +A Drift-Diffusion simulator for 1d semiconductor devices\\ \hline +{\bf Version: } & 0.0.9\\ \hline +{\bf Release Date: } & 2012-03-25\\ \hline +{\bf Author: } & Carlo de Falco\\ \hline +{\bf Maintainer: } & Carlo de Falco\\ \hline +{\bf License: } & GPL version 2 or later\\ \hline +{\bf Depends on: } & +octave ($>=$ 3.0.0), bim ($>=$ 0.0.0), \\ \hline +{\bf Autoload: } &No\\ \hline +\end{tabular} +\end{table} + +\part{Mathematical models} + +\section{Full model} +\subsection{Conservation laws} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:conservation} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +-\lambda^{2}\mathrm{div}\ \left(\varepsilon_{r} \mathrm{grad}\ +\varphi \right) = p - n + N_{D} - N_{A} \\[5mm] +-\mathrm{div}\ \left(J_{n} \right) + R_{n} \, n = G_{n} \\[5mm] +\phantom{-}\mathrm{div}\ \left(J_{p} \right) + R_{p} \, p = G_{p} +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\section{Constitutive relations} + +\subsection{Currents} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:currents} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +J_{n} = \phantom{-}\mu_{n} \left( \mathrm{grad}\ n - n\ \mathrm{grad}\ \varphi\right) +\\[5mm] +J_{p} = -\mu_{p} \left( \mathrm{grad}\ p + p\ \mathrm{grad}\ \varphi\right) +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\subsection{Mobilities} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:mobilities} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +\mu_{n} = \displaystyle \frac{2\bar{\mu}_{n}} +{1 + \sqrt{1 + 4 \left( \displaystyle \frac{\bar{\mu}_{n}|E|}{v_{sat,n}}\right)^{2}}} +; \qquad +\bar{\mu}_{n} = \mu_{min, n} + +\displaystyle \frac{\mu_{0,n} - \mu_{min,n}} +{1 +\displaystyle \left(\frac{N_{D}+N_{A}}{N_{ref,n}}\right)^{\beta_{n}}} +\\[10mm] +\mu_{p} = \displaystyle \frac{2\bar{\mu}_{p}} +{1 + \sqrt{1 + 4 \left( \displaystyle \frac{\bar{\mu}_{p}|E|}{v_{sat,p}}\right)^{2}}} +; \qquad +\bar{\mu}_{p} = \mu_{min, p} + +\displaystyle \frac{\mu_{0,p} - \mu_{min,p}} +{1 +\displaystyle \left(\frac{N_{D}+N_{A}}{N_{ref,p}}\right)^{\beta_{p}}} +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\subsection{Production terms} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:recombination} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +R_{n} = \displaystyle +\frac{p}{\tau_{n} (p + \theta) + \tau_{p} (n + \theta)} ++ p \left(C_{n} n + C_{p} p \right) +\\[5mm] +R_{p} = \displaystyle +\frac{n}{\tau_{n} (p + \theta) + \tau_{p} (n + \theta)} ++ n \left (C_{n} n + C_{p} p \right) +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:generation} +G_{n} = G_{p} = +\displaystyle +\frac{\theta^{2}}{\tau_{n} (p + \theta) + \tau_{p} (n + \theta)} ++ \theta^{2} \left(C_{n} n + C_{p} p \right) ++ \left(\alpha_{n} |J_{n}|+ \alpha_{p} |J_{p}| \right) +\end{equation} + +%\subsection{Ionization coefficients} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:ioniz_coeff} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +\alpha_{n} = \displaystyle +\alpha_{n}^{\infty} \exp \left( -\frac{E_{crit,n}}{|E|} \right) +\\[5mm] +\alpha_{p} = \displaystyle +\alpha_{p}^{\infty} \exp \left( -\frac{E_{crit,p}}{|E|} \right) +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\newpage + +\section{Simplified model used for Newton's method} +\subsection{Conservation laws} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:conservationN} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +-\lambda^{2}\mathrm{div}\ \left(\varepsilon_{r} +\mathrm{grad}\ \varphi \right) = p - n + N_{D} - N_{A} \\[5mm] +-\mathrm{div}\ \left(J_{n} \right) + R_{n} \, n = G_{n} \\[5mm] +\phantom{-}\mathrm{div}\ \left(J_{p} \right) + R_{p} \, p = G_{p} +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\section{Constitutive relations} + +\subsection{Currents} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:currentsN} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +J_{n} = \phantom{-}\mu_{n} \left( \mathrm{grad}\ n - n\ \mathrm{grad}\ \varphi\right) +\\[5mm] +J_{p} = -\mu_{p} \left( \mathrm{grad}\ p + p\ \mathrm{grad}\ \varphi\right) +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\subsection{Production terms} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:recombinationN} +\left\{ +\begin{array}{ll} +R_{n} = \displaystyle \frac{p}{\tau_{n} (p + \theta) + \tau_{p} (n + \theta)} ++ p \left(C_{n} n + C_{p} p \right) +\\[5mm] +R_{p} = \displaystyle \frac{n}{\tau_{n} (p + \theta) + \tau_{p} (n + \theta)} ++ n \left (C_{n} n + C_{p} p \right) +\end{array} +\right. +\end{equation} + +\begin{equation}\label{eq:generationN} +G_{n} = G_{p} = +\displaystyle \frac{\theta^{2}}{\tau_{n} (p + \theta) + \tau_{p} (n + \theta)} ++ \theta^{2} \left(C_{n} n + C_{p} p \right) +\end{equation} + +\newpage + +\section{Scaling factors/adimensional parameters} + +Given any generic quantity $u$ having units $U$, we +define the {\em scaled} quantity $\widehat{u}$ as +$$ +\widehat{u} : = \displaystyle \frac{u}{\overline{u}} +$$ +where $\overline{u}$ is the scaling factor associated with $u$ +and having the same units as $u$. + +\begin{table}[h!] +\begin{center} +\begin{tabular}{lll}\hline +\textbf{Scaling factor} & \textbf{Value} & \textbf{Units}\\ \hline +$\overline{x}$ & $L$ & $\meter$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{n}$ & $\| N_D^+ - N_A^-\|_{L^{\infty}(0,L)}$ +& $\meter^{-3}$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{\varphi}$ & $K_B T / q \simeq 26 \cdot 10^{-3}$ +& $\volt$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{\mu}$ & $\max\left\{ \mu_{0,n}, \, \mu_{0,p}\right\}$ +& $\meter^2\,\volt^{-1}\,\second^{-1}$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{t}$ & $\overline{x}^2/(\overline{\mu} \, \overline{\varphi})$ +& $\second$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{R}$ & $\overline{n}/\overline{t}$ +& $\meter^{-3} \second^{-1}$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{E}$ & $\overline{\varphi}/\overline{x}$ +& $\volt \meter^{-1}$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{J}$ & $q \, \overline{\mu} \, \overline{n} \, +\overline{E}$ & $\Ampere \meter^{-2}$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{\alpha}$ & $\overline{x}^{-1}$ & $\meter^{-1}$ \\[1mm] +$\overline{C}_{Au}$ & $\overline{R}/\overline{n}^3$ & +$\meter^{6} \second^{-1}$ \\[1mm] +\hline +\end{tabular} +\caption{Scaling factors for the Drift-Diffusion model equations.} +\label{tab:model_param_1d} +\end{center} +\end{table} + +We also introduce the following adimensional numbers +$$ +\lambda^2:= \displaystyle \frac{\varepsilon_0 \overline{\varphi}} +{q \, \overline{n} \, \overline{x}^2}, \qquad +\theta:= \displaystyle \frac{n_i}{\overline{n}} +$$ +having the meaning of squared normalized Debye length and +normalized intrinsic concentration, respectively. + +\part{Function reference} + +\section{Drift-Diffusion solvers} + +\subsection{secs1d\_dd\_gummel\_map} +\input{function/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.tex} + +\subsection{secs1d\_dd\_newton} +\input{function/secs1d_dd_newton.tex} + +\section{Non-linear Poisson solver} +\subsection{secs1d\_nlpoisson\_newton} +\input{function/secs1d_nlpoisson_newton.tex} + +\section{Physical constants and material properties} +\subsection{secs1d\_physical\_constants.m} +\input{function/secs1d_physical_constants.m.tex} + +\subsection{secs1d\_silicon\_material\_properties.m} +\input{function/secs1d_silicon_material_properties.m.tex} + +\appendix +\section{Licence} +\input{COPYING.tex} + + +\end{document} \ No newline at end of file Deleted: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d.m =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d.m 2012-03-25 22:35:18 UTC (rev 10057) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d.m 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -1,15 +0,0 @@ -# Run this only if the package is installed -## PKG_ADD: if (! exist (fullfile (fileparts (mfilename ("fullpath")), "inst"), "dir")) -## PKG_ADD: dirlist= {"Utilities","DDG","DDN"}; -## PKG_ADD: for ii=1:length(dirlist) -## PKG_ADD: addpath ( [ fileparts( mfilename("fullpath")) "/" dirlist{ii}]) -## PKG_ADD: end -## PKG_ADD: end - -# Run this only if the package is installed -## PKG_DEL: if (! exist (fullfile (fileparts (mfilename ("fullpath")), "inst"), "dir")) -## PKG_DEL: dirlist= {"Utilities","DDG","DDN"}; -## PKG_DEL: for ii=1:length(dirlist) -## PKG_DEL: rmpath ( [ fileparts( mfilename("fullpath")) "/" dirlist{ii}]) -## PKG_DEL: end -## PKG_DEL: end Added: trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.m =================================================================== --- trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.m (rev 0) +++ trunk/octave-forge/extra/secs1d/inst/secs1d_dd_gummel_map.m 2012-03-25 22:44:30 UTC (rev 10058) @@ -0,0 +1,302 @@ +%% Copyright (C) 2004-2012 Carlo de Falco +%% +%% This file is part of +%% SECS1D - A 1-D Drift--Diffusion Semiconductor Device Simulator +%% +%% SECS1D is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +%% it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +%% the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or +%% (at your option) any later version. +%% +%% SECS1D is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +%% GNU General Public License for more details. +%% +%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +%% along with SECS1D; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. + +%% [n, p, V, Fn, Fp, Jn, Jp, it, res] = secs1d_dd_gummel_map (x, D, Na, Nd, +%% pin, nin, Vin, Fnin, +%% Fpin, l2, er, u0n, +%% uminn, vsatn, betan, +%% Nrefn, u0p, uminp, vsatp, +%% betap, Nrefp, theta, tn, tp, +%% Cn, Cp, an, ap, Ecritnin, Ecritpin, +%% toll, maxit, ptoll, pmaxit) +%% +%% This function solves the scaled stationary bipolar DD +%% equation system using Gummel algorithm +%% +%% input: +%% x spatial grid +%% D, Na, Nd doping profile +%% pin initial guess for hole concentration +%% nin initial guess for electron concentration +%% Vin initial guess for electrostatic potential +%% Fnin initial guess for electron Fermi potential +%% Fpin initial guess for hole Fermi potential +%% l2 scaled Debye length squared +%% er relative electric permittivity +%% u0n, uminn, vsatn, Nrefn electron mobility model coefficients +%% u0p, uminp, vsatp, Nrefp hole mobility model coefficients +%% theta intrinsic carrier density +%% tn, tp, Cn, Cp, +%% an, ap, +%% Ecritnin, Ecritpin generation recombination model parameters +%% toll tolerance for Gummel iterarion convergence test +%% maxit maximum number of Gummel iterarions +%% ptoll convergence test tolerance for the non linear +%% Poisson solver +%% pmaxit maximum number o... 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