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[Nhibernate-commit] SF.net SVN: nhibernate:[5378] branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/ reference
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From: <jul...@us...> - 2011-02-10 15:25:39
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Revision: 5378
http://nhibernate.svn.sourceforge.net/nhibernate/?rev=5378&view=rev
Author: julian-maughan
Date: 2011-02-10 15:25:32 +0000 (Thu, 10 Feb 2011)
Log Message:
-----------
Adding first draft of 'read-only entity' documentation
Modified Paths:
--------------
branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/master.xml
Added Paths:
-----------
branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/modules/readonly.xml
Modified: branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/master.xml
===================================================================
--- branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/master.xml 2011-02-10 14:29:39 UTC (rev 5377)
+++ branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/master.xml 2011-02-10 15:25:32 UTC (rev 5378)
@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@
<!ENTITY manipulating-data SYSTEM "modules/manipulating_data.xml">
<!ENTITY transactions SYSTEM "modules/transactions.xml">
<!ENTITY events SYSTEM "modules/events.xml">
-<!ENTITY batch SYSTEM "modules/batch.xml">
+<!ENTITY batch SYSTEM "modules/batch.xml">
<!ENTITY query-hql SYSTEM "modules/query_hql.xml">
<!ENTITY query-criteria SYSTEM "modules/query_criteria.xml">
<!ENTITY query-queryover SYSTEM "modules/query_queryover.xml">
<!ENTITY query-sql SYSTEM "modules/query_sql.xml">
<!ENTITY filters SYSTEM "modules/filters.xml">
<!ENTITY performance SYSTEM "modules/performance.xml">
+<!ENTITY read-only SYSTEM "modules/readonly.xml">
<!ENTITY toolset-guide SYSTEM "modules/toolset_guide.xml">
<!ENTITY example-parentchild SYSTEM "modules/example_parentchild.xml">
<!ENTITY example-weblog SYSTEM "modules/example_weblog.xml">
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
<bookinfo>
<title>NHibernate - Relational Persistence for Idiomatic .NET</title>
<subtitle>NHibernate Reference Documentation</subtitle>
- <releaseinfo>3.0.0</releaseinfo>
+ <releaseinfo>3.0.1</releaseinfo>
</bookinfo>
<toc />
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
&inheritance-mapping;
&manipulating-data;
+ &read-only;
&transactions;
&events;
&batch;
Added: branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/modules/readonly.xml
===================================================================
--- branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/modules/readonly.xml (rev 0)
+++ branches/ReadOnlyEntities/nhibernate/doc/reference/modules/readonly.xml 2011-02-10 15:25:32 UTC (rev 5378)
@@ -0,0 +1,823 @@
+<chapter id="readonly">
+ <title>Read-only entities</title>
+
+ <important>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate's treatment of <emphasis>read-only</emphasis> entities may
+ differ from what you may have encountered elsewhere. Incorrect usage
+ may cause unexpected results.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ When an entity is read-only:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate does not dirty-check the entity's simple
+ properties or single-ended associations;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate will not update simple properties or updatable
+ single-ended associations;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate will not update the version of the read-only
+ entity if only simple properties or single-ended
+ updatable associations are changed;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In some ways, NHibernate treats read-only entities the same as entities that are
+ not read-only:
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate cascades operations to associations as
+ defined in the entity mapping.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate updates the version if the entity has a
+ collection with changes that dirties the entity;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ A read-only entity can be deleted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Even if an entity is not read-only, its collection association can
+ be affected if it contains a read-only entity.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For details about the affect of read-only entities on different
+ property and association types, see
+ <xref linkend="readonly-proptypes"/>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For details about how to make entities read-only, see
+ <xref linkend="readonly-api"/>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate does some optimizing for read-only entities:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ It saves execution time by not dirty-checking simple properties or
+ single-ended associations.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ It saves memory by deleting database snapshots.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <section id="readonly-api">
+ <title>Making persistent entities read-only</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Only persistent entities can be made read-only. Transient and
+ detached entities must be put in persistent state before they
+ can be made read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate provides the following ways to make persistent entities read-only:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ you can map an entity class as <emphasis>immutable</emphasis>;
+ when an entity of an immutable class is made persistent,
+ NHibernate automatically makes it read-only.
+ see <xref linkend="readonly-api-immutable"/> for details
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ you can change a default so that entities loaded
+ into the session by NHibernate are automatically
+ made read-only; see <xref linkend="readonly-api-loaddefault"/> for details
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ you can make an HQL query or criteria read-only so
+ that entities loaded when the query or criteria executes,
+ or iterates, are automatically
+ made read-only; see <xref linkend="readonly-api-querycriteria"/> for details
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ you can make a persistent entity that is already in the
+ in the session read-only; see
+ <xref linkend="readonly-api-entity"/> for details
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <section id="readonly-api-immutable">
+ <title>Entities of immutable classes</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When an entity instance of an immutable class is made
+ persistent, NHibernate automatically makes it read-only.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ An entity of an immutable class can created
+ and deleted the same as an entity of a mutable class.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate treats a persistent entity of an immutable
+ class the same way as a read-only persistent entity
+ of a mutable class. The only exception is that
+ NHibernate will not allow an entity of an immutable
+ class to be changed so it is not read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-api-loaddefault">
+ <title>Loading persistent entities as read-only</title>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Entities of immutable classes are automatically loaded
+ as read-only.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ To change the default behavior so NHibernate loads entity
+ instances of mutable classes into the session and automatically
+ makes them read-only, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting role="c#">Session.DefaultReadOnly = true;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ To change the default back so entities loaded by NHibernate are not
+ made read-only, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting role="c#">Session.DefaultReadOnly = false;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ You can determine the current setting by using the property:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting role="c#">Session.DefaultReadOnly;</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ If Session.DefaultReadOnly property returns true, entities loaded by
+ the following are automatically made read-only:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Session.Load() and Session.Load<T>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Session.Get() and Session.Get<T>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Session.Merge()
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ executing, or iterating HQL queries and
+ criteria; to override this setting for a particular
+ HQL query or criteria see
+ <xref linkend="readonly-api-querycriteria"/>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ Changing this default has no effect on:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ persistent entities already in the session when the
+ default was changed
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ persistent entities that are refreshed via
+ Session.Refresh(); a refreshed persistent
+ entity will only be read-only if it was
+ read-only before refreshing
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ persistent entities added by the application via
+ Session.Persist(), Session.Save(), and Session.Update()
+ Session.SaveOrUpdate()
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-api-querycriteria">
+ <title>Loading read-only entities from an HQL query/criteria</title>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Entities of immutable classes are automatically loaded
+ as read-only.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If Session.DefaultReadOnly returns false (the default)
+ when an HQL query or criteria executes, then entities
+ and proxies of mutable classes loaded by the query will
+ not be read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ You can override this behavior so that entities and proxies loaded
+ by an HQL query or criteria are automatically made read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For an HQL query, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting role="c#">Query.SetReadOnly(true);</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ <literal>Query.SetReadOnly(true)</literal> must be called before
+ <literal>Query.List()</literal>, <literal>Query.UniqueResult()</literal>, or <literal>Query.Iterate()</literal>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ For an HQL criteria, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting role="c#">Criteria.SetReadOnly(true);</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ <literal>Criteria.SetReadOnly(true)</literal> must be called before
+ <literal>Criteria.List()</literal>, or <literal>Criteria.UniqueResult()</literal>
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Entities and proxies that exist in the session before being returned
+ by an HQL query or criteria are not affected.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Uninitialized persistent collections returned by the query are
+ not affected. Later, when the collection is initialized,
+ entities loaded into the session will be read-only if
+ Session.DefaultReadOnly returns true.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Using <literal>Query.SetReadOnly(true)</literal> or
+ <literal>Criteria.SetReadOnly(true)</literal> works well
+ when a single HQL query or criteria loads all the entities and
+ intializes all the proxies and collections that the application
+ needs to be read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ When it is not possible to load and initialize all
+ necessary entities in a single query or criteria,
+ you can temporarily change the session default to load
+ entities as read-only before the query is executed.
+ Then you can explicitly initialize proxies and collections
+ before restoring the session default.
+ </para>
+
+ <programlisting role="c#">
+ISession session = factory.OpenSession();
+ITransaction tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+
+session.DefaultReadOnly = true;
+Contract contract = session.CreateQuery("from Contract where CustomerName = 'Sherman'").UniqueResult<Contract>();
+NHibernate.Initialize(contract.Plan);
+NHibernate.Initialize(contract.Variations);
+NHibernate.Initialize(contract.Notes);
+session.DefaultReadOnly = false;
+...
+tx.Commit();
+session.Close();
+
+</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ If Session.DefaultReadOnly returns true, then you can
+ use Query.SetReadOnly(false) and Criteria.SetReadOnly(false)
+ to override this session setting and load entities that are
+ not read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-api-entity">
+ <title>Making a persistent entity read-only</title>
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ Persistent entities of immutable classes are automatically
+ made read-only.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ To make a persistent entity or proxy read-only, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting>Session.SetReadOnly(entityOrProxy, true)</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ To change a read-only entity or proxy of a mutable class so
+ it is no longer read-only, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting>Session.SetReadOnly(entityOrProxy, false)</programlisting>
+
+ <important>
+ <para>
+ When a read-only entity or proxy is changed so it is no longer
+ read-only, NHibernate assumes that the current state of the
+ read-only entity is consistent with its database representation.
+ If this is not true, then any non-flushed changes made before
+ or while the entity was read-only, will be ignored.
+ </para>
+ </important>
+
+ <para>
+ To throw away non-flushed changes and make the persistent entity
+ consistent with its database representation, call:
+ </para>
+ <programlisting role="c#">Session.Refresh(entity);</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ To flush changes made before or while the entity
+ was read-only and make the database representation
+ consistent with the current state of the persistent
+ entity:
+ </para>
+<programlisting role="c#">
+// evict the read-only entity so it is detached
+session.Evict(entity);
+
+// make the detached entity (with the non-flushed changes) persistent
+session.Update(entity);
+
+// now entity is no longer read-only and its changes can be flushed
+s.Flush();
+</programlisting>
+ </section>
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes">
+ <title>Read-only affect on property type</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The following table summarizes how different property types are
+ affected by making an entity read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <table frame="topbot" id="readonly-proptype-summary">
+ <title>Affect of read-only entity on property types</title>
+ <tgroup cols="2">
+ <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
+ <colspec colwidth="1*"/>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Property/Association Type</entry>
+ <entry>Changes flushed to DB?</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ Simple
+ <para>
+ (<xref linkend="readonly-proptypes-simple"/>)
+ </para>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>no*</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <para>Unidirectional one-to-one</para>
+ <para>Unidirectional many-to-one</para>
+ <para>
+ (<xref linkend="readonly-proptypes-singleended-unidir"/>)
+ </para>
+ </entry>
+
+ <entry>
+ <para>no*</para>
+ <para>no*</para>
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <para>Unidirectional one-to-many</para>
+ <para>Unidirectional many-to-many</para>
+ <para>
+ (<xref linkend="readonly-proptypes-manyended-unidir"/>)
+ </para>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ <para>yes</para>
+ <para>yes</para>
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <para>Bidirectional one-to-one</para>
+ <para>
+ (<xref linkend="readonly-proptypes-onetoone-bidir"/>)
+ </para>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>only if the owning entity is not read-only*</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <para>Bidirectional one-to-many/many-to-one</para>
+ <para>inverse collection</para>
+ <para>non-inverse collection</para>
+ <para>
+ (<xref linkend="readonly-proptypes-onetomany-manytoone"/>)
+ </para>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>
+ <para> </para>
+ <para>only added/removed entities that are not read-only*</para>
+ <para>yes</para>
+ </entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry>
+ <para>Bidirectional many-to-many</para>
+ <para>
+ (<xref linkend="readonly-proptypes-manytomany-bidir"/>)
+ </para>
+ </entry>
+ <entry>yes</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ <para>
+ * Behavior is different when the entity having the property/association
+ is read-only, compared to when it is not read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-simple">
+ <title>Simple properties</title>
+
+ <para>
+ When a persistent object is read-only, NHibernate does not
+ dirty-check simple properties.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate will not synchronize simple property state changes
+ to the database. If you have automatic versioning, NHibernate
+ will not increment the version if any simple properties change.
+ </para>
+
+ <programlisting role="c#">
+ISession session = factory.OpenSession();
+ITransaction tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+
+// get a contract and make it read-only
+Contract contract = session.Get<Contract>(contractId);
+session.SetReadOnly(contract, true);
+
+// contract.CustomerName is "Sherman"
+contract.CustomerName = "Yogi";
+tx.Commit();
+
+tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+
+contract = session.Get<Contract>(contractId);
+// contract.CustomerName is still "Sherman"
+...
+tx.Commit();
+session.Close();
+ </programlisting>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-prop-types-unidir">
+ <title>Unidirectional associations</title>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-singleended-unidir">
+ <title>Unidirectional one-to-one and many-to-one</title>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate treats unidirectional one-to-one and many-to-one
+ associations in the same way when the owning entity is
+ read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ We use the term <emphasis>unidirectional single-ended
+ association</emphasis> when referring to functionality
+ that is common to unidirectional one-to-one and many-to-one
+ associations.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate does not dirty-check unidirectional single-ended
+ associations when the owning entity is read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If you change a read-only entity's reference to a
+ unidirectional single-ended association to null,
+ or to refer to a different entity, that change
+ will not be flushed to the database.
+ </para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ If an entity is of an immutable class,
+ then its references to unidirectional single-ended
+ associations must be assigned when that
+ entity is first created. Because the entity is
+ automatically made read-only, these references can
+ not be updated.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ If automatic versioning is used, NHibernate will not
+ increment the version due to local changes to
+ unidirectional single-ended associations.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ In the following examples, Contract has a unidirectional
+ many-to-one association with Plan. Contract cascades save and
+ update operations to the association.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The following shows that changing a read-only entity's
+ many-to-one association reference to null has no effect
+ on the entity's database representation.
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting role="c#">// get a contract with an existing plan;
+// make the contract read-only and set its plan to null
+tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+Contract contract = session.Get<Contract>(contractId);
+session.SetReadOnly(contract, true);
+contract.Plan = null;
+tx.Commit();
+
+// get the same contract
+tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+Contract contract = session.Get<Contract>(contractId);
+
+// contract.Plan still refers to the original plan;
+
+tx.Commit();
+session.Close();</programlisting>
+
+ <para>
+ The following shows that, even though
+ an update to a read-only entity's many-to-one
+ association has no affect on the entity's
+ database representation, flush still cascades
+ the save-update operation to the locally
+ changed association.
+ </para>
+
+<programlisting role="c#">// get a contract with an existing plan;
+// make the contract read-only and change to a new plan
+tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+Contract contract = session.Get<Contract>(contractId);
+session.SetReadOnly(contract, true);
+Plan newPlan = new Plan("new plan");
+contract.Plan = newPlan;
+tx.Commit();
+
+// get the same contract
+tx = session.BeginTransaction();
+contract = session.Get<Contract>(contractId);
+newPlan = session.Get<Plan>(newPlan.Id);
+
+// contract.Plan still refers to the original plan;
+// newPlan is non-null because it was persisted when
+// the previous transaction was committed;
+
+tx.Commit();
+session.Close();</programlisting>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-manyended-unidir">
+ <title>Unidirectional one-to-many and many-to-many</title>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate treats unidirectional one-to-many
+ and many-to-many associations owned by a read-only
+ entity the same as when owned by an entity that is not
+ read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate dirty-checks unidirectional one-to-many and
+ many-to-many associations;
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The collection can contain entities that
+ are read-only, as well as entities
+ that are not read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Entities can be added and removed from the
+ collection; changes are flushed to the database.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If automatic versioning is used, NHibernate will
+ update the version due to changes in the collection
+ if they dirty the owning entity.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-bidir">
+ <title>Bidirectional associations</title>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-onetoone-bidir">
+ <title>Bidirectional one-to-one</title>
+
+ <para>
+ If a read-only entity owns a bidirectional
+ one-to-one association:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate does not dirty-check the association.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ updates that change the association reference
+ to null or to refer to a different entity
+ will not be flushed to the database.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ If automatic versioning is used, NHibernate will not
+ increment the version due to local changes to
+ the association.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>
+ If an entity is of an immutable class,
+ and it owns a bidirectional one-to-one
+ association, then its reference must be
+ assigned when that entity is first created.
+ Because the entity is automatically made
+ read-only, these references cannot be updated.
+ </para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>
+ When the owner is not read-only, NHibernate treats
+ an association with a read-only entity the same
+ as when the association is with an entity that is
+ not read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-onetomany-manytoone">
+ <title>Bidirectional one-to-many/many-to-one</title>
+
+ <para>
+ A read-only entity has no impact on a bidirectional
+ one-to-many/many-to-one association if:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ the read-only entity is on the one-to-many side
+ using an inverse collection;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ the read-only entity is on the one-to-many side
+ using a non-inverse collection;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ the one-to-many side uses a non-inverse collection
+ that contains the read-only entity
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <para>
+ When the one-to-many side uses an inverse collection:
+ </para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ a read-only entity can only be added to the collection
+ when it is created;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ a read-only entity can only be removed from the
+ collection by an orphan delete or by explicitly
+ deleting the entity.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </section>
+
+ <section id="readonly-proptypes-manytomany-bidir">
+ <title>Bidirectional many-to-many</title>
+ <para>
+ NHibernate treats bidirectional many-to-many
+ associations owned by a read-only entity the
+ same as when owned by an entity that is not
+ read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ NHibernate dirty-checks bidirectional many-to-many
+ associations.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ The collection on either side of the association
+ can contain entities that are read-only, as well
+ as entities that are not read-only.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ Entities are added and removed from both sides
+ of the collection; changes are flushed to the
+ database.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ If automatic versioning is used, NHibernate will
+ update the version due to changes in both sides of
+ the collection if they dirty the entity owning the
+ respective collections.
+ </para>
+
+ </section>
+
+ </section>
+ </section>
+</chapter>
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