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Syntax-Declarations
Type qualifiers
When assigning types to objects, the following qualifiers can be used.
| Qualifier | Description |
|---|---|
| owned | Owned reference |
| unowned | Unowned reference |
| const | Const reference |
Variable qualifiers
When defining variables and fields, the following qualifiers can be used.
| Qualifier | Description |
|---|---|
| static | Permanent (not destroyed before program exit) |
| public | Public access (available from anywhere) |
| private | Private access (available only in enclosing module or class) |
| protected | Protected access (available to subclasses of enclosing class) |
| extern | Defined by a module written in another language |
| __super | Custom reference to superclass instance |
| __vtable | Custom reference to vtable |
Class qualifiers
When defining classes and structs, the following qualifiers can be used.
| Qualifier | Description |
|---|---|
| transparent | Transparent class/struct |
| static | Inner class is independent of outer class |
| abstract | Class can not be instantiated (must be subclassed) |
| final | Class can not be subclassed |
| sealed | Class can not be subclassed by any other module |
| public | Public access (available from anywhere) |
| private | Private access (available only in enclosing module or class) |
| protected | Protected access (available to subclasses of enclosing class) |
| __rtinit | Custom vtable to be allocated at runtime |
Function qualifiers
When defining functions and methods, the following qualifiers can be used.
| Qualifier | Description |
|---|---|
| transparent | Transparent function/method |
| static | Method is independent of class instance |
| virtual | Method is polymorphic |
| abstract | Method must be overridden by subclasses |
| final | Method can not be overridden |
| override | Method is an override |
| public | Public access (available from anywhere) |
| private | Private access (available only in enclosing module or class) |
| protected | Protected access (available to subclasses of enclosing class) |
| extern | Defined by a module written in another language |
| meta | Metamethod |
Parameter qualifiers
When declaring function parameters, the following qualifiers can be used.
| Qualifier | Description |
|---|---|
| ref | In/out-parameter (pass by reference) |
| out | Out-parameter (pass by reference) |
| implicit | Implicit parameter |
| __c_printf | C printf-style format |
| __c_throw_arg | Implicit parameter for exception passing |
