On OSX 10.9.1 using the latest Aleph One build 2014-01-04, the settings for screen brightness do not seem to have any effect when using OpenGL (Shader) rendering.
In general the overall brightness is very low (dark) and this setting would have to be used in order to modify the ingame brightness. However, this setting no longer has any effect.
Revering to Aleph One built 2012-05-14 solves the problem.
The issue seems to be present in both Mac Pro systems (built year 2012) and Macbook Pro systems (built year 2013).
Unfortunately, the brightness setting relies on features in OS X that stopped working properly in Mavericks. On some machines, the older Aleph One will crash, or screw up the colors. We disabled brightness under 10.9 to protect the unlucky ones.
Brightness continues to work on older versions of OS X, or under the Software renderer where it's implemented differently. We do plan to restore the setting for everyone in a future release, but it will take time to put together a solution that does not rely on the now-broken OS routines.
In the meantime, you can create a new display profile in Displays preferences (click Calibrate... in the Color tab) with a different Target Gamma (turn on Expert Mode for a slider), and switch to that profile when you play. Setting the brightness there will affect Aleph One's game window.