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OS

Live Raizo

Linux

  • Linux Debian Trixie backport 64 bits
  • Kernel : 6.19.11+deb13-amd64

The main tools

  • Servers
    • DHCP, DNS : dnsmasq
    • FTP : proftpd
    • tFTP : tftpd-hpa
    • SSH : openssh
    • Samba
    • HTTP : module http.server of python3
    • VNC : TigerVNC
  • Network protocol analyzer : Wireshark 4.4.14
  • Serial port communications programs :
    • minicom
    • cu
    • putty
  • Web Navigator : Firefox 140.10.0esr
  • PDF Reader : use Firefox

Other tools

Network simulators

  • GNS3 2.2.59.dev2
  • GNS3 Web UI v2.2.58
  • dynamips 0.2.24 : emulator of router / provided without any IOS
  • VPCS (Virtual PC Simulator) 0.8.3
  • QEmu 10.0.8 with the VM Debian
  • Docker version 29.4.1, build 055a478 with the image DDebian

Device QEmu "Debian"

Linux

  • Linux Debian Bookworm backport 64 bits.
  • Kernel : 6.19.11+deb13-amd64 (lightened)

The tools

  • The installed softwares are similar to the ones of NetKit.
  • Several services (isc-dhcp-server, bind9, freeradius, openvpn ...) are already downloaded but not installed. You can install them (apt install/apt-get install/aptitude install) without accessing to Internet for that.
  • Should it be needed, additional software can also be installed (as with a real Debian Linux) in order to enable particular features that are required for specific experiments.

Device Docker "DDebian"

  • It is the same as the device QEmu "Debian" except :
    • If the GNS3 project is close, only the folders "/root", "/etc/network" and "/opt/raizo/keep" are saved. You can add others folders
    • The name of interfaces is "eth"
    • You can't load kernel modules
    • The command "reboot" is disable
    • For virtual Wifi, you must use fast-wifi-docker instead of fast-vwifi, vwifi-client

Added

Commands

On Live-Raizo and the Debian VMs

Only on Live-Raizo

  • Add-to-GNS3.sh (sourceforge.net) : API to add VM to GNS3
  • fast-backup-lab : To backup a GNS3 project.
  • fast-battery: To display the percentage of energy remaining in the battery.
  • fast-clean-crash-gns3 : To kill all the processes used by GNS3 (in case of crash for example)
  • fast-gns3-server : To start gns3server
  • fast-http : To start a web server on the port 80 and share by default the directory "/home/user"
  • fast-memo: To display a reminder.
  • fast-mount-usb : To mount the USB key in the directory /media/usb0
  • fast-nat: To configure an DHCP and DNS servers and use NAT with network of the interface virbr0.
  • fast-reset-vm : To reset the Virtual QEmu Machines
  • fast-rescan-interfaces : To scan to detect new plugged network interfaces
  • fast-restore-lab : To restore a GNS3 project, which has been saved.
  • fast-save-project : Asks questions to save quickly a GNS3 project.
  • fast-startup : To mount automatically the USB key in /media/usb0 and to processe the script /media/usb0/raizo.sh
  • fast-vwifi-update-gns3 : To update the server "vwifi" with the geographical coordinates of each VM from GNS3
  • fast-wifi-docker : To add the wlan interfaces to the Docker VMs
  • minicom-usb : minicom uses the USB adapter
  • cu-usb : cu uses the USB adapter
  • ftp : Overlay to lftp so that the login is interactive

Only on the Debian VMs

Configuration files

On Live-Raizo and the Debian VMs

  • Colorized outputs of networks commands : tcpdump, ip, ifconfig, route, arp, ...
  • Colorized commands in the prompt of zsh
  • For nano, a syntax highlighting for the configuration files
  • For vim, a syntax highlighting for the file /etc/network/interfaces
  • history command already contains useful commands

Only on Live-Raizo

  • minicom of Raizo is configured to get connected to the serial port. minicom-usb (or "minicom USB") allows to use USB adapter.
  • cu of Raizo is configured to colorize Cisco output. cu-usb allows to use USB adapter.
  • A symbolic link "/ftp" to the directory "/srv/ftp", and the alias name "ftp" for the service "proftpd"
  • A symbolic link "/tftp" to the directory "/srv/tftp", and the alias name "tftp" for the service "tftpd-hpa"
    • Xterm : use "WINDOWS+ARROW_UP"/"WINDOWS+ARROW_DOWN" to increase/decrease the size of the font

On GNS3

  • Basic configuration files in "/home/user/.config/GNS3/configs/" for
    • Cisco routers : Raizo_ios_base_startup-config.txt
    • Cisco EtherSwitch : Raizo_ios_etherswitch_startup-config.txt
    • Cisco switch IOU : Raizo_iou_l2_15.2d_base_startup-config.txt and Raizo_iou_l2_15.6.0.9S_base_startup-config.txt
    • VM Linux : Raizo_vbox_linux_startup-config.sh
  • GNS3 colorizes the outputs of VM's console where the variable "usage" contains "ConsoleType=Cisco"
  • The tools menu contains access to commands :
  • Docker VM have the shared folder "/hosthome" to access to "/home/user" of LiveRaizo

Only on the Debian VMs

  • For tmux
    • the shortcut "CTRL+ARROW" allows to change terminals quickly,
    • the shortcut "SHIFT+ARROW" allows to change order of terminals quickly
    • new pane uses the current path of the pane
    • Only with the template "Debian" : the shortcut "CTRL+B S" to adapt the size of the tmux console to the size of the console
  • The folder "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/" contains the files :

The specifics

Of Live-Raizo and the Debian VMs

  • No server is started automatically at boot
  • Default shell of root and user is zsh (bash is also available)
  • See which network interfaces are plugged : "!3" or "sudo ifplugstatus -a"
  • Set dynamically an IP address : "!1" or "fast-ip dhcp" or "sudo ifup ens3"

Of the Debian VMs

  • You are automatically logged in with the "root" account
  • The password of root is root
  • A simple user exists : his login is "user" and his password is "user". His default shell is bash, and it is not in sudo group
  • An administrator user exists : his login is "admin" and his password is "admin". His default shell is bash, and it is in sudo group
  • The VM have access to the directory “/home/user” of Raizo by using their directory "/hosthome"
  • After having started up, the hostname of each VM will automatically take the name that was given in GNS3
  • IP Forwarding is enabled by default
  • At the end of the boot, the VM executes
    • the script "/home/user/.STARTUPFORALLVMRAIZO"
    • next, the script "STARTUPFORALLVMRAIZO" and after the script with the same name of the VM. These scripts must be placed on LiveRaizo in the sub-folder "project-files/startup/" of your project
    • Example of "/home/user/.STARTUPFORALLVMRAIZO" to use vi instead of nano as editor :
new_editor=/usr/bin/vim.basic
if [ "$(readlink /etc/alternatives/editor)" != "${new_editor}" ]
then
        sudo update-alternatives --quiet --set editor ${new_editor}
fi

Of Live-Raizo

  • You are automatically logged in with the "user" account
  • To start the Windows Manager, you must run the command "startx"
  • The password of "user" is "user". You must use "sudo" (or "sudo su") to start commands as root
  • At boot, all detected networks interfaces are activated (but not configured), and they will stay activated even if you use ifdown. If you want shutdown a network interface (enp0s0, for example), you must do : "sudo ip link set down enp0s0".
  • At boot, a bridge interface, named virbr0, is created : useful if you want to do communicate your virtual network with "Live Raizo"
  • Before install Debian Package, you must do : "sudo apt update"
  • X starts automatically fast-battery if battery detected
  • On Firefox, "Auto-detect proxy settings" is enable by default. Don't forget it if you want to use Firefox with you virtual network.
  • Firefox uses the certificats of Debian. You can found them in /usr/share/ca-certificates
  • Docker is configured to be used in GNS3. If you want to use Docker VM without GNS3 (docker build, docker run...), you must do :
sudo mv /etc/docker/daemon.json /etc/docker/daemon.json_No
sudo systemctl restart docker
  • On X
    • ALT+F1 starts xterm
    • ALT+F2 starts GNS3

Your Customization

Persistence of /home

  • During boot, if Live-Raizo finds a partition with the label “persistence” and the file persistence.conf with "/home" on the root, this partition is automatically mounted in /home. (cf 10.3 Persistence )
  • Advice : Don't forget to erase your persistent user's home if you update "Live-Raizo"

Customization of Live-Raizo

Tips

Simulate Virtual Wifi

Sharing between the Host and your guests

Microsoft Guest

With Samba

To share folder
  • On Liveraizo, start Samba
sudo systemctl start smbd
  • On GNS3, connect a device "LiveRaizo" (to interconnect with the interface virbr0)
  • On the Guest, go to "\\IP_of_virbr0"

With Spice

To share screen and mouse

You can use Spice :

  • In GNS3, the device must use "spice+agent" as console type
  • On the Guest, you must install spice (spice download) : spice-guest-tools
To share folder

You can use "Spice WebDAV daemon" :

  • In GNS3, the device must use "spice+agent" as console type
  • On the Guest, you must install the "Spice WebDAV daemon" of spice (spice download).
  • On my tests,
    • spice-guest-tools must be installed before
    • After the install of the "Spice WebDAV daemon", you should perhaps start/restart the service "Spice webdav proxy"
  • In the preference of the remote-viewer, you must enable the shared folder

Linux Guest

To share screen and mouse

You can use Spice :

  • In GNS3, the device must use "spice+agent" as console type
  • On the Guest, you must install spice : spice-vdagent xserver-xorg-video-qxl

To share folder

With spice
  • In GNS3, the device must use "spice+agent" as console type
  • On the Guest, you must install "Spice WebDAV daemon" of spice : spice-webdavd
  • In the preference of the remote-viewer, you must enable the shared folder
With 9p
  • In GNS3, you must add this in the QEmu options of this VM (With Add-to-GNS3.sh (sourceforge.net), you can use the read-only variable : OPTION_QEMU_9P_HOSTHOME)
-fsdev local,id=fsdev0,path=/home/user,security_model=none,multidevs=remap -device virtio-9p-pci,fsdev=fsdev0,mount_tag=hosthome
  • In the VM, the shared folder "/home/user" of the Host can be mounted in /mnt :
mount -t 9p hosthome /mnt

Install on USB Key

From Microsoft

  • To install Live-Raizo on USB Key, i recommand to use :
    • imageUSB (version v1.4.1003) to install Live-Raizo on multiple USB drive.

From Linux

  • dd :
dd  if=Live-Raizo-v15.24.01.07i.iso  of=/dev/sdX
# with /dev/sdX, the device of your usb key

Use in a Hypervisor

Sharing between virtual and real network

  • To do communicate your virtual network with the real network (screenshot)

    • On GNS3, put a "Cloud" device and a cable to the attribute "enp0s0" of this "Cloud" device.
    • (If the real network is accessible by enp0s0)

  • To do communicate your virtual network with Live-Raizo : (screenshot)

    • On GNS3, put a "LiveRaizo" device and a cable to the attribute "virbr0" of this "LiveRaizo" device.
    • On Live-Raizo, give an IP address to the virbr0 interface.

  • To do communicate your virtual network and the real network with the Wifi :

    • On GNS3, put a "LiveRaizo" device and a cable to the attribute virbr0" of this "LiveRaizo" device.
    • On Live-Raizo :
      • Configure your Wifi
      • Launch "fast-nat" command.

Use bittorrent to access to remote harddisk

Use an external disk to extend the memory

  • If "/mnt/disk" mounts an external disk, you can do this before starting GNS3 :
# Create au subfolder in /mnt/disk/ which will contain the projects of GNS3
mkdir -p /mnt/disk/projects_gns3
# Create the folder used by GNS3 for these projects
mkdir -p /home/user/projects
# Associates the folder on the disk to the folder used by GNS3 
sudo mount --bind /mnt/disk/projects_gns3 /home/user/projects
  • Your projects are actually stored in /mnt/disk/projects
  • To stop the association :
sudo umount /home/user/projects

Drawbacks

  • You should not move the USB key of Live-Raizo when it is running. If you see "Input/output error" when you launch a command (or fast-syslog), it's too late and you must reboot. Sorry
  • In the VM "Debian", tmux cannot detect the size change of the screen. You can :
    • say to tmux to recalculate the size of the console : CTRL+B S
    • or detach tmux (CTRL+B D) and re-attach it (tmux a)
  • On some laptops, during the boot with the SecureBoot enabled, LiveRaizo does a kernel panic : add the boot option "trace_clock=local" on the boot kernel options
  • On some laptops, LiveRaizo or X server doesn't start, then you can try :
    • If you have an NVidia card, add the boot option "nouveau.modeset=0" on the boot kernel options
    • On the boot kernel options, add the option "acpi=off"
    • On the boot kernel options, add the option "nomodeset"
    • unplugged the power cord of battery before to start X. You can plugged it after
  • If Live Raizo hangs after few minutes, verify that the file /var/log/syslog doesn't grow up excessively. If it is the case, seeks in this file the error that the system logs too often and corrects it.
    • For example, add the boot option "pci=nomsi" on the boot kernel options
  • On processor "AMD Ryzen", to run Microsoft VM with QEmu (GNS3), you must add the option "-cpu EPYC" to the options of the VM

Others

Minimal linux commands useful

  • startx : to launch the graphical interface
  • sudo su : to become administrator/root
  • sudo command : to launch "command" as root
  • su - user : to become the user "user"
  • cp -r /path/source/file /path/destination : to copy the file from directory "/path/source" into directory "/path/destination"
  • rm /path/file : to delete "/path/file"
  • rm -rf /path/directory : to delete the directory "/path/directory"

  • sudo poweroff : to stop Live Raizo

  • Copy/Paste in graphical interface :

    • Copy : Use your cursor to select the text you want to copy.
    • Paste :
      • With mouse : Push down and click the wheel on your wheel mouse to paste.
        • On a 3-button mouse without a wheel, just click the middle button to paste.
        • If your mouse is wheel-less and has only 2 buttons, then click on the 2 button at the same time.
      • With keyboard : press on "SHIFT"+"INSERT"
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