[Linuxconsole-commit]CVS: ruby/web/htdocs/paper contents.html,NONE,1.1 contents.png,NONE,1.1 fbdev.h

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Contents</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html21"
  HREF="intro.html">Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html22"
  HREF="serial.html">New serial layer</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html23"
  HREF="vt.html">Reworking Virtual Terminal Support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html24"
  HREF="input.html">Using the Input API</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html25"
  HREF="fbdev.html">Restructing the framebuffer layer</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html26"
  HREF="tty.html">Upper TTY layer management</A>
<BR>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html34"
  HREF="implement.html">Implementation: Ruby&nbsp;Dave Jones tree</A>
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<BR>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html40"
  HREF="conclusion.html">Conclusion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html41"
  HREF="bio.html">Bibliography</A>
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<P>

<P>

<P>
<BR><HR>
<ADDRESS>
James Simmons
2002-4-5
</ADDRESS>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00031000000000000000">
Restructing the framebuffer layer</A>
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James Simmons
2002-4-5
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<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Reconstruction of the TTY layer for linux to deal with Embedded techology</H1> 
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><STRONG>James Simmons 
<BR>         <TT>jsi...@tr...</TT></STRONG></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER"><STRONG> 
  April 2002
<BR>  <BR>
<BR>
<BR>
  <TT>http://linuxconsole.sf.net/</TT>
</STRONG></P>

<P>
<BR>

<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>Acknowledgement</B>

</DIV>

I would like to acknowledge my employer Transvirtual&nbsp;Technologies&nbsp;Inc, who 
granted me time to work on this project. Special thanks goes to Vojtech&nbsp;Buxton 
for his valuable assistance.

<P>
<BR>
<BR>

<P>

<P>
<BR>

<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>Licence</B>

</DIV>

This paper is copyright 2002 James&nbsp;Simmons and is released under the terms
of the GNU&nbsp;General&nbsp;Public&nbsp;Licence, a copy of which is distributed with the
source for this document.

All trademarks and software are the property of their respective owners.

<P>

<P>
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
<B>Presented</B>

</DIV>

<P>
<I>Ottowa Linux Symposium</I> 
<BR>
25th - 28th July 2002 
<BR>
Ottowa Congress Centre 
<BR>
Ottowa, Ontario, Canada

<P>

<P>
<H3>Abstract:</H3>
<DIV>

Linux continues to be ported to different types of hardware devices. As it
expands into different hardware sectors we see that these different sectors
have very different needs and are very different from the classical PC. 
The initial Linux kernel code was designed on the standard PC which had a large 
influence on the code design. As Linux appears on new types of hardware devices
we begain to see limitations to some of the central designs. As Linux kept 
evolving and expanding to new platforms hardware was encountered that didn't
fit the "PC" model. So instead often a extra interface of some kind either 
userland or in kernel space was developed to compensate.

One of the major areas of the kernel affected by this is the tty layer. Here we 
we witness things like the classical definition for a virtual terminal
starting to break down and the handling of complex human input devices 
addressed by the tty layer. Also for embedded devices size is critical 
especially when dealing with boot loaders which often make certain assumptions 
or place certain limitations. Modular is also lacking. Often with modern embedded 
devices we have removable pieces of hardware including things like keyboards
which where in a classic PC sense critical to have.

A major way of rethinking was needed to rework the tty layer. That way was to 
reverse the flow of developement. The current way of thinking is expand the tty
features with new device interfaces that influence the behavior of the TTY. A
example of this is for a framebuffer console we use a /dev/fb interface to resize
a tty device. The proper method to resize would be to use a standard that already
exist i.e the POSIX tty ioctl call TIOCSWINSZ.

<P>
</DIV>
<P>

<P>

<BR><HR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html20"
  HREF="contents.html">Contents</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html21"
  HREF="intro.html">Introduction</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html22"
  HREF="serial.html">New serial layer</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html23"
  HREF="vt.html">Reworking Virtual Terminal Support</A>
<UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html24"
  HREF="input.html">Using the Input API</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html25"
  HREF="fbdev.html">Restructing the framebuffer layer</A>
</UL>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html26"
  HREF="tty.html">Upper TTY layer management</A>
<BR>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html34"
  HREF="implement.html">Implementation: Ruby&nbsp;Dave Jones tree</A>
<UL>
<BR>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html40"
  HREF="conclusion.html">Conclusion</A>
<LI><A NAME="tex2html41"
  HREF="bio.html">Bibliography</A>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00031000000000000000">
Restructing the framebuffer layer</A>
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James Simmons
2002-4-5
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00020000000000000000">
Introduction</A>
</H1>

Ten years when Linus was written it was on a intel machine with basic VGA 
support. Linus like other UNIX based operation systems developed a concept 
of a virtual terminal. In the old mainframe days the only way to access the
mainframe was via a TTY (terminal teletype) device. They basically where a 
monochrome, stylish green, display and a keyboard together that connected 
to the mainframe by a serial line. With todays PC we still have a monitor 
and a keyboard attached. So Linux simulates these type of TTYs. The
flexiablity of POSIX TTYs allows it to be applied to other types of hardware 
such as modems.

As you can see the TTY layer covers many types of pieces of hardware. Because 
it does cover so many types this presents very difficult issues. What we have
seen is no clear boundaries between the various types of devices. You see 
things pieces of tty/console code sprinckled through out various low level
drivers. This makes driver writing more complex than it needs to be.

The second issue is the new types of hardware Linux has encountered. For 
example is the Compaq iPAQ. It has a framebuffer display but no permenant
keyboard. Having a built in VT makes no sense in this case. Having console
code inside the framebuffer driver makes no sense. Have a pseudo keyboard 
make even less sense.

So the first step is to rework the lower device layers. Also in the process 
we form a uniform api for these layers. For various input devices we find we
are lacking a standard api. So for one part of the project we begain the 
task of porting every human input device over to a universal api. The api 
choosen was the input api implemented for the USB layer. This migrates the
VT code for keyboard handling from a PC centeric keyboard design to a more 
device indepedent format.

The second layer to rework is the framebuffer layer. The basic goal was to 
removal all the console code out of the lower level drivers and make the
framebuffer layer be able to stand on it own to handle PDA type devices.

The final layer is the serial layer. The final goal is to model this layer 
after the parport layer. Here we with have device interface independent layer
and have device interfaces register with the core code. The reason for this
apporach is to deal with serial based input devices. Some platforms have serial
keyboards and it is unacceptable to have to run a unserland application just to
be able to use it via the tty layer. Again their is great code redundecy.

The final change was to the console layer itself. The main goal was to move away
from the VGA text mode centric design. Also another goal was to allow the console
and tty system more flexiable as I will point out later in this paper.

This paper will examine designing and implementing a new tty layer that
is smaller, lighter weight and much more flexiable than the current system.

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jsimmons
2002-4-4
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Restructing the framebuffer layer</A>
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2002-4-5
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00031000000000000000">
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James Simmons
2002-4-5
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