For math-heavy documents, the AMS packages, especially amsmath
and its extension mathtools
, are usually useful. In addition to their manual, we also refer to Herbert Voss' math introduction, although the author himself considers it irretrievably outdated. There is also an up-to-date German book by Herbert on the subject Mathematiksatz mit LaTeX.
Of course there are a lot of other packages on mathematics. Most of them, however, serve to solve more specialized problems. The aforementioned amsmath
and its extension mathtools
, on the other hand, is generally useful. Similarly, the package unicode-math
is virtually the equivalent of fontspec
for math fonts with LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX.
For the definition of own theorem
comparable environments, on the other hand, it is already much more difficult to make a recommendation. Here the different packages have different advantages and disadvantages.