dev-cpp-users — Dev-C++ users discussion list

[Dev-C++] Shared libraries

[<ir...@au...>]

Hello,

I need some help with respect to ddl generation using  Dev-C++. Actually, I 
have to compile a library written in ansi C to generate a dll.
Someone knows the correct gcc statement to do it? 

Thanks,

Irna
------------------
Irna Marilia R. Evangelista Filha

AUDIOLAB
Rua Lauro Jacques, 20 – 9º andar – Floresta
31010-020 – Belo Horizonte – MG
Tel.: (31) 3224-0521 ramal: 251  –   Fax: (31) 3222-0308    


-------------------------------------------------
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Re: [Dev-C++] speed test

[Abhijit S. <mu...@gm...>]

Greets.

> Running the program below in Dev-C++, Version 4, took between 209 and 235
> seconds on my system.  I don't know why the running times vary, but even
> taking the fastest time of 209 seconds, it compares unfavorably with a
> similar program compiled (36 seconds) or interpreted  (55 seconds) in
> QBasic 4 .
>
> Does Dev-C++ really produce such leisurely code?  Or can the program be
> speeded up?

I think the problem is with your settings. On mine, MingW32(Dev) takes 130
seconds, and BC++ 5.5 takes 138 seconds. Check that debugging mode is not
enabled in 'Compiler Options' > 'Linker' and 'Best Optimization' is selected
under the 'Code Generation/Optimizations' page. To perform manual
optimzations in multi-function programs, use the profiler to see where most
of the activity is taking place, and speed up those parts.

Oh, wait... I just tried that and it gave me an "access violation at address
0052b937, read of address 0x00..08". But I added it to a project and then
tried, and it went fine. Dev has many problems handling files without a
project. Can someone look into this, please?

[Dev-C++] speed test

[<mo...@ju...>]

Running the program below in Dev-C++, Version 4, took between 209 and 235
seconds on my system.  I don't know why the running times vary, but even
taking the fastest time of 209 seconds, it compares unfavorably with a
similar program compiled (36 seconds) or interpreted  (55 seconds) in
QBasic 4 .  

Does Dev-C++ really produce such leisurely code?  Or can the program be
speeded up?
 
Allan

// This program prints (1) integers 1 to 1,000,000
//                                (2) starting & ending times
//======================================================
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> 
#include <time.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct tm *ptr;
time_t loc_time;
long int x;

loc_time  = time(NULL);
ptr = localtime(&loc_time);

for (x = 1;x <= 1000000;x++)
        printf("%d ",x);

printf("\nStarting time is ");
printf(asctime(ptr));

loc_time =  time(NULL);
ptr = localtime(&loc_time);
printf("\nEnding time is ");
printf(asctime(ptr), "\n");

system ("PAUSE");

return 0;
}

________________________________________________________________
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Re: [Dev-C++] adding packages

[<tam...@ms...>]

Hi

Unless the download did it for me it has not been done.  I did click on a=
 sample file and the allegro palette came up but when I just clicked on a=
 new file and the allegro basic code came up just like when you click on =
a windows or console it would not compile but would through up an unusual=
 error up saying it couldn't find alleg40.dll but its there and looks lik=
e it is in the correct location.  Am I suppose to add something to my win=
nt\system32 folder?

Thanks Danny =20

----- Original Message -----
Wrom: OKSTTZRCLBD
Sent: Thursday, August 15, 2002 9:48 AM
To: 'Danny Austin'
Subject: RE: [Dev-C++] adding packages

Hello!
 =20
Did you copied alleg40.dll to windows\system or winnt\system32 folder? If=
 not, then you can use that dll in same directory where your application =
is.
 =20
A.
 =20
-----Original Message-----
Wrom: XRQBGJSNBOHMKHJYFMYXOEAIJJPHSCRTNHGSWZIDREXCA
Sent: 12. august 2002. a. 19:03
To: Andres Rand
Subject: Re: [Dev-C++] adding packages
 =20
Thanks I just did that and it compiled without any linker errors, but whe=
n I tried to run it a unable to locate component error flashed up saying =
"This application has failed to start because alleg40.dll was not found. =
 Re-installing the application may fix this problem."  I reinstalled the =
allegro over the old allegro but still same error came up.  I was wonderi=
ng do I need to uninstall the old allegro and reinstall again or is there=
 something else I need to do.
 =20
Thanks Danny
 =20
----- Original Message -----
Wrom: XZOWCONEUQZ
Sent: Monday, August 12, 2002 2:08 PM
To: 'Danny Austin'
Subject: RE: [Dev-C++] adding packages
 =20
Hello!

You should add -lalleg to project->project options->addition cmd....
Compiler
(hope you got it..)

A.

RE: [Dev-C++] Auto. run CD

[Vatay V. N. <no...@va...>]

esh...@ya... eredi =FCzenete:


> I want a code on C++ to run the CD when I but it in
> the CD drive.

For any time I have written 1 little console autorun for experiment, but =
in C
and you can run it with autorun.inf file "open=3Dfile.exe <associated.fli=
e>"

Note: The executable files (exe, bat, com) can run directly without autor=
un files.
if I good remember - in autorun.inf file with "open=3Dxxy.exe" command.

#include <windows.h>
#include <shellapi.h>

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
	             LPSTR lpCmdLine,  int nCmdShow)
{
    LPTSTR lpCL=3DGetCommandLine(), lpFile, lpParams, lpFilePart;
    TCHAR lpDirectory[MAX_PATH];
    DWORD n, m;

    // get our file name
    if (lpCL[0]=3D=3DTEXT('\"')) {
        lpCL++;
        for (n=3D0; lpCL[n] && lpCL[n]!=3DTEXT('\"'); n++);
    }
    else for (n=3D0; lpCL[n] && lpCL[n]!=3DTEXT(' '); n++);
    lpCL[n]=3D0;

    // get first command line parameter
    n++;
    while (lpCL[n]=3D=3DTEXT(' ')) n++; // skip any spaces
    m=3Dn;
    if (lpCL[n]=3D=3DTEXT('\"')) {
        n++; m++;
        while (lpCL[n] && lpCL[n]!=3DTEXT('\"')) n++;
    }
    else while (lpCL[n] && lpCL[n]!=3DTEXT(' ')) n++;
    lpFile=3D&lpCL[m];
    lpCL[n]=3D0;

    // the rest are the parameters
    lpParams=3D&lpCL[n+1];

    if (GetFullPathName(lpCL, MAX_PATH,
        lpDirectory,&lpFilePart) <=3D MAX_PATH)
    {
        SHELLEXECUTEINFO sei;

        // truncate the file name, we only need the directory
        lpFilePart[0]=3D0;

        memset(&sei, 0, sizeof(sei));
        sei.cbSize=3Dsizeof(sei);
        sei.lpFile=3DlpFile;
        sei.lpParameters=3DlpParams;
        sei.lpDirectory=3DlpDirectory;

        ShellExecuteEx(&sei);

        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}



                                    (o_                  _o)
                            (o_ (o_ //\      vatay       /\\ _o) _o)
                           _(/)_(\)_V_/                  \_V_(/)_(\)_

_________________________________________________________________________=
__
QNX is like a wigwam - no windows, no gates, only apaches inside with boa=
's

RE: [Dev-C++] Embedded web browsers?

[Vatay V. N. <no...@va...>]

jla...@bw... eredeti =FCzenete:

> I would like to embed a web browser in to my Win32 app much like the
> WebBrowser component in MFC but with out using MFC. Is there a way to
> use IE in my app if it is installed on the client computer? All I would
> like to do is display an HTML page in my C++ app. Any help and/or
> guidance would be greatly appreciated.

Hi,

look the Mozilla open source project at, ftp/www.mozilla.org

with best regards


                                    (o_                  _o)
                            (o_ (o_ //\      vatay       /\\ _o) _o)
                           _(/)_(\)_V_/                  \_V_(/)_(\)_

_________________________________________________________________________=
__
QNX is like a wigwam - no windows, no gates, only apaches inside with boa=
's

Re: [Dev-C++] Embedded web browsers?

[George T. <gti...@ds...>]

14.8.2002 г. 17:17:18, "Jason Lavigne" <jla...@bw...> wrote:

>
>
>  From:   "Jason Lavigne" <jla...@bw...>
>
>  To:     <dev...@li...>
>  Subject:[Dev-C++] Embedded web browsers?
>  Date:   Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:17:18 -0400
>
>
>
>  Hello all,
>   
>  I would like to embed a web browser in to my Win32 app much like the
>
>  WebBrowser component in MFC but with out using MFC. Is there a way to use IE
>  in my app if it is installed on the client computer? All I would like to do
>  is display an HTML page in my C++ app. Any help and/or guidance would be
>  greatly appreciated.
>
>   
>  Jason

I remember reading that the whole functionality of the Internet explorer is put in a dll file, but I can't remember the name.
I'll look it up when I get home.

[Dev-C++] Hello !

[Scott M. <sco...@ho...>]

<BR>
Hi,      <BR>
<BR>
Just wanted you to check out this cool online website builder. It lets people create cool websites in minutes and for free. You can create your own  Flash 
animations and Intro as well. Its really simple and easy to use :) and its all a matter of minutes, you'll have an impressive website up and running in no time, i'm impressed ... I bet you'll be impressed 
as well.<BR>
<BR>
This website gives a nice review and how to get started creating your first website easily : <a href="http://www.click-free.com">www.click-free.com</a>    <BR>
<BR>
Thanks,      <BR>
Scott Mark.   <BR>

Re: [Dev-C++] Help with Linker error - Unable to find 'opendir'

[Abhijit S. <mu...@gm...>]

> I get the following error when attempting to build this application.
Anyone have any ideas which > library I would find 'opendir' in?
>
>
> [Linker error] undefined reference to `opendir'

I did a grep, and it says 'libmingwex.a' (-lmingwex).

___________________________________________________________

Abhijit Shylanath

E-mail:   mu...@gm... || ibr...@bi...
Web-site: http://mudeth.tripod.com/

Re: [Dev-C++] Performance issues !!!

[Hongli L. <h....@ch...>]

On Wed, 2002-08-14 at 15:58, Vi...@ib... wrote:
> I have a client server application using ProC/C++ in the server side in 
> UNIX enviroment . The server is having a
> 
>  unix multiprocess architecture. I would like to konw what should be done 
> so that we can improve the performance 
> 
> of the server . ( like CPU% and MEM% usage) 
> 

Upgrade the hardware? :-p

[Dev-C++] Embedded web browsers?

[Jason L. <jla...@bw...>]

Hello all,
 
I would like to embed a web browser in to my Win32 app much like the
WebBrowser component in MFC but with out using MFC. Is there a way to
use IE in my app if it is installed on the client computer? All I would
like to do is display an HTML page in my C++ app. Any help and/or
guidance would be greatly appreciated.
 
Jason

[Dev-C++] Performance issues !!!

[<Vi...@ib...>]

I have a client server application using ProC/C++ in the server side in 
UNIX enviroment . The server is having a

 unix multiprocess architecture. I would like to konw what should be done 
so that we can improve the performance 

of the server . ( like CPU% and MEM% usage) 

Re: [Dev-C++] What is the meaning of 'Clock skew detected'?

[Carlos d. M. <cg...@wo...>]

If I remember well, it is a problem which appeared with one of the Dev 5B=
eta
releases, something about the date and time of the source files and linke=
r,
yak, yak, yak,  and it was solved with an option somewhere (in compiler
options) that is set a delay of 1 sec in compilation.
Go to the archive http://www.geocrawler.com/archives/3/6417/2002/6/0/, th=
ere
are the past messages about it, from newer to older, the first you'll fin=
d is
the last. The second you'll find, as to say, is the final answer (well yo=
u can
read the others for more info, if you want).

Daniel Glenfield escribi=F3:

> I think it means your clock on your pc is out of sync with the BIOS or =
the
> Dev compiler. Not sure, though it has come up before.
>
> >From: Murad Khan <MK...@ha...>
> >To: "'dev...@li...'"
> ><dev...@li...>
> >Subject: [Dev-C++] What is the meaning of 'Clock skew detected'?
> >Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:18:10 -0700
> >
> >Hi:
> >
> >I get this every once in a while. Any thoughts what it means?
> >
> >make.exe C:\CProjects\make.exe
> >[Warning]  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
> >
> >
> >AdThanksVance
> >
> >
> >Murad Yar Khan
> >Harland Financial Solutions
> >Pleasanton, CA 94588
> >925-463-8356 (x2253)
> >mk...@ha...
> >
> >
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com
>
> -------------------------------------------------------
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> _______________________________________________
> Dev-cpp-users mailing list
> Dev...@li...
> TO UNSUBSCRIBE: http://www.noicys.cjb.net/devcpp/ub.htm
> https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/dev-cpp-users

Re: [Dev-C++] GTK can't compile

[Hongli L. <h....@ch...>]

On Wed, 2002-08-14 at 11:26, Ricky wrote:
> I download Dev-C++ today. And also download the new packman, imaglib,
> i18n, gtk-2.0. After I install them by packman, and try to compile even
> the template program comes from New | Project, Dev-C++ can't find gtk
> library and give 28 errors.
> 
> I am new to dev-c++, could any give me some detail steps to configure
> gtk 2.0 on dev-c++?
> I need to program GUI program using GTK in Win32 system, I need it
> deeply.

If you use the template, things should work out-of-the-box.
Could you post the messages here? Otherwise nobody would know what's the
problem.

[Dev-C++] GTK can't compile

[Ricky <sto...@si...>]

I download Dev-C++ today. And also download the new packman, imaglib,
i18n, gtk-2.0. After I install them by packman, and try to compile even
the template program comes from New | Project, Dev-C++ can't find gtk
library and give 28 errors.

I am new to dev-c++, could any give me some detail steps to configure
gtk 2.0 on dev-c++?
I need to program GUI program using GTK in Win32 system, I need it
deeply.

Thanks for any help!!

Ricky

Re: [Dev-C++] What is the meaning of 'Clock skew detected'?

[Daniel G. <sp...@ho...>]

I think it means your clock on your pc is out of sync with the BIOS or the 
Dev compiler. Not sure, though it has come up before.


>From: Murad Khan <MK...@ha...>
>To: "'dev...@li...'" 
><dev...@li...>
>Subject: [Dev-C++] What is the meaning of 'Clock skew detected'?
>Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 19:18:10 -0700
>
>Hi:
>
>I get this every once in a while. Any thoughts what it means?
>
>make.exe C:\CProjects\make.exe
>[Warning]  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.
>
>
>AdThanksVance
>
>
>Murad Yar Khan
>Harland Financial Solutions
>Pleasanton, CA 94588
>925-463-8356 (x2253)
>mk...@ha...
>
>




_________________________________________________________________
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com

[Dev-C++] Auto. run CD

[Mishari <esh...@ya...>]

Hi All,
I want a code on C++ to run the CD when I but it in
the CD drive.

esheager 

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
HotJobs - Search Thousands of New Jobs
http://www.hotjobs.com

[Dev-C++] What is the meaning of 'Clock skew detected'?

[Murad K. <MK...@ha...>]

Hi:
 
I get this every once in a while. Any thoughts what it means? 
 
make.exe C:\CProjects\make.exe
[Warning]  Clock skew detected.  Your build may be incomplete.


AdThanksVance 


Murad Yar Khan 
Harland Financial Solutions 
Pleasanton, CA 94588 
925-463-8356 (x2253) 
mk...@ha... 

 

[Dev-C++] Help with Linker error - Unable to find 'opendir'

[Murad K. <MK...@ha...>]

Hi:
 
I get the following error when attempting to build this application. Anyone
have any ideas which library I would find 'opendir' in?
 
 
[Linker error] undefined reference to `opendir'


AdThanksVance 


Murad Yar Khan 
Harland Financial Solutions 
Pleasanton, CA 94588 
925-463-8356 (x2253) 
mk...@ha... 

 

RE: [Dev-C++] C++ and C function pointers

[Ioannis V. <no...@ho...>]

 
 <http://run.to/noicys> 
-----Original Message-----
From: dev...@li...
[mailto:dev...@li...] On Behalf Of Patrick,
Michael
Sent: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 11:11 PM
To: 'dev...@li...'
Subject: [Dev-C++] C++ and C function pointers



Hello all,

I'm in no way a master of C++ and all its rules and regulations and I
don't think what I need to do can actually be done, but it never hurts
to ask anyway.

I have to create a simple API using a C++ library (required by
management) that interfaces with an old C library beneath it.  My
problem is that the old C library has 3 or 4 function calls, each of
which takes a function pointer, to allow you to handle the results as
you wish.  This is fine, but I need to take the returned values (from
the function pointer call) and use them with a bunch of my own variables
currently held in a class.

From my understanding, there is no way to mask a C++ class method as a C
function (something to do with the this pointer).  Do you know of any
way to overcome this? 

 
I hope i have understood what you are asking for. Below i am displaying
some of what you can do in a crazy example.
 
 
namespace outerspace
{
  int nspvalue;
 
  
  extern "C"
  {
   // You can use these inside C code
    void  setnspvalue(int nval) { nspvalue=nval; }
    int getnspvalue() { return nspvalue; }
  }    
  
}
 
// Your C function delcared here
extern "C" int your_c_function_declaration( int (*)(void) );
 
 
 
class A
{
 int x;
 public:
 // ...
 A(int n):x(n) {}
 void setvalue(int new_value) { x=new_value; }
 int getvalue() const { return x; }
};
 

int main()
{
  using outerspace::setnspvalue;
  using outerspace::getnspvalue;
   
  A a(7);
  
  setnspvalue(a.getvalue());  
 

  // You can use the function outerspace::setvalue() inside a C function

   int y=your_c_function_declaration (&getnspvalue);
 
  a.setvalue(y);
} 
 
 
Ioannis

* Ioannis Vranos
* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.cjb.net
<http://www.noicys.cjb.net/> 
* Alternative URL: http://run.to/noicys 

[Dev-C++] C++ and C function pointers

[Patrick, M. <Mic...@sp...>]

Hello all,

I'm in no way a master of C++ and all its rules and regulations and I don't
think what I need to do can actually be done, but it never hurts to ask
anyway.

I have to create a simple API using a C++ library (required by management)
that interfaces with an old C library beneath it.  My problem is that the
old C library has 3 or 4 function calls, each of which takes a function
pointer, to allow you to handle the results as you wish.  This is fine, but
I need to take the returned values (from the function pointer call) and use
them with a bunch of my own variables currently held in a class.

From my understanding, there is no way to mask a C++ class method as a C
function (something to do with the this pointer).  Do you know of any way to
overcome this?

My current work around is by using a global structure X which has variables
a, b and c.  The class D configures variable a and b and the callback
function configures variable c.  The class D then takes all 3 variables and
handles them with method doWork() to display the results to the user. 

Typedef  Struct hndlmyStruct{
	Int a
	Int b
	Int c
} myStruct

class D{
	public:
		doWork(){
				this.add()
				};
	private:
		add(){
			cout << X.a + X.b + X.c;
		};
}

void function( int y){
	X.c = 3;
}

myStruct X;

void main{
	new D


	X.a = 1
	X.b = 2
	LibraryCommand( function )

	D.doWork();
}


What I would like to do is pass the method doWork() as the function pointer,
but I'm almost positive you can't do this.  Another work around is if I can
somehow give the callback function access to the class D.

Is any of this possible or should I just stick with the global structure?

Hope this makes some sense, I'll clarify anything if need be.

Michael	

RE: [Dev-C++] making compatable dlls

[Andres R. <lo...@ho...>]

HellO!
> sorry if this question has already been answered somewhere,
> 

I think it is possible, as long as you do not use C++ (objective C)
There is incompatibility amongst C++ compilers. But if you use plain
C code, you minght be able to produce dll's that work with MSVC.

> is there a way to use the dll's/lib's produced by DevCpp with Visual
> C++? in other words, can i use DevCpp for the dll's i produce  at work
> and have others link to them with VC++? when i try (in VC++) to link
to
> the dll 'libmydll.a' (created by DevCpp)  it can't find any of the
> externals. i do notice there is a file 'libmydll.def' file made by
> DevCpp which seems to have export information in it, but i don't know
> how to use it (or if i can).
> 
> the method i'm using (in VC++) to try to compile against the dll is:
>     import headers
>     link against lib file (libmydll.a)
> is this the right method?

MSVC needs .lib files, not .a files.  I think there is some tools
included
with MSVC, that are able to produce .lib files out of dll's. I currently
so not know, what tools are, but I think they are similar to same GCC
tools.
 
> any help would be greatly appreciated. if that can't be done, how do i
> set up DevCpp to use the Visual C++ compiler?
> 
> thanks,
> alvin

You welcome..
A.

[Dev-C++] Odd questions

[<ca...@op...>]

Hello all,

It has been some time since I have used C++ and have a new project I would
like to work on.  But I have a couple questions for some pointer in the
right direction.

Basically the program will connect to a telnet session which is not visible
to the user and display a picture based on th text the telnet session
returns.  Then the user will enter his response to the picture and the
program will submit this to the telnet session.  Get what I mean here?  Any
pointer would be great:)

Andre

Re: [Dev-C++] wxWindows

[Alfredo C. <al...@cl...>]

-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

El Mar 13 Ago 2002 00:08, Per Westermark escribi=F3:
> The attached template is one I found somewhere and have been using.
> Besides the contents of the template, I had to add the following:
>
> Includes=3DC:\usr\src\wx2dev\wxWindows\include
> Libs=3DC:\usr\src\wx2dev\wxWindows\lib
> ResourceIncludes=3DC:\usr\src\wx2dev\wxWindows\include
>
> It seems to work quite fine for me with 2.2.9, 2.3.2 or the current
> CVS snapshot.
>
> /Per W

Thank you. I'll look into it. Did you just copy the 2.3.2 includes=20
and libraries to the Dev-C++ 5 directory?

Regards.

- --=20
Alfredo J. Cole
http://www.acyc.com (Accounting Systems)
http://www.clshonduras.com (Linux Hardware)
PGP Key available from certserver.pgp.com
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.0.6 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: For info see http://www.gnupg.org

iD8DBQE9WQ6uu5DxuPWE298RAke4AJ9xAM1bU712ZDtIrhwRjwnXTwzGsgCfWaGj
s3ReIZ7PwD4od8ZtZi1Yj3g=3D
=3DtId0
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RE: [Dev-C++] newbie questions without answer

[Ioannis V. <no...@ho...>]

=20
-----Original Message-----
From: dev...@li...
[mailto:dev...@li...] On Behalf Of Carlos
Garc=EDa del Monte
Sent: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 12:50 PM
To: dev-cpp-users-list
Subject: Re: [Dev-C++] newbie questions without answer



I must mention that C++ provides already a string type defined in
<string>. So why do you bother? :)=20

Just an example of the book with which Mr Senen is working for learn
(C/)C++. Which has a part that although being C++ shows C things, this
is used for introduce the reader to objects, overloading and such
things. It is almost the "How to Program C/C++" (same authors) with tiny
modifications because the title says it is more oriented to C++. But the
truth is that there is only one book, but they make three parts: about
20 pages of only C for the "how to C/C++", 20 for "C++ how to" and about
1200 for both.

=20
I am sorry about this, but to tell you the truth i do not like the
approach. C and C++ are different languages. Thinking of C++ as C with
extensions is not right. C++ has many of its roots in C, but to be
precise as Stroustrup says "C++ is as close to C as possible, but not
closer".
=20
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  A way to sell two books when they have only one, in essence. This book
is which I found better for learn programming (but I couldn't find
many), and well, it seems I'm learning, but with no few errors (I mean I
have more than few errors), I got the spanish translation (as said in a
previous message) translated by someone which should go to first course
to learn speaking, and perhaps due to his translation or the original, I
found it has some ambiguities, and misleading things. They don't pay
enough attention to a couple of pointer things, and the treatment of
bitwise operation is misleading: they say something like "usually these
operations are performed over ints and chars", but it is not exact,
because it makes think that it usually is used with such vars, but could
be used with doubles, longs... and not, they only work with ints and
chars, they must be used with ints and chars.  =20


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The bitwise operators are performed on integer types, that is from
signed char-long, and their unsigned equivallents. And this when we are
talking about the operators for the built-in types. And because the
implementation of the signed types is implementation dependent (they may
have a sign bit, but they may have not) we (or perhaps i, i do not know
for sure) usually use the unsigned ones. Of course you can use them on
signed ones where the possible existence and non-existence of a sign bit
doesn't affect your application.
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 Just like saying "people usually flies with planes or helicopters",
usually?, try to fly yourself with a red cape, and then tell me if the
word is only usually. And in the "how to C/C++" the teaching of memory
allocation is awful (the C functions there, malloc, calloc, realloc and
free), it sem harder than quantum physics but is easier than 2+2 (or
perhaps my english is the cause).=20

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Do not use malloc() family inn C++, they do not call the constructors.
After finishing the book you are currently reading, i suggest you buy
"Accelerated C++" by Andrew Koenig, Barbara Moo so as to escape from the
confusion. This book is approved by god, that's why it has his name at
the bottom (Bjarne Stroustrup).
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And before buy a book, i suggest take a look at http://www.accu.org book
reviews. They are professional coders and make neutral and reliable
reviews. If i remember well, god recommended this site to me too.
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Ioannis

* Ioannis Vranos
* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.cjb.net
<http://www.noicys.cjb.net/>=20
* Alternative URL: http://run.to/noicys