dev-cpp-users — Dev-C++ users discussion list

[Dev-C++] (no subject)

[Smitha V. B. <smi...@so...>]

Hi to all
Anybody know a good downloadable book regarding Python...
Thanks in advance......
Any help appreciated.....

Smitha V.Babu
System Analyst
Sonata Software Ltd
Embedded Systems Group
Ph off ::080 6610330  Extn 1383


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Re: [Dev-C++] @ symbol at the end of function names?

[<or...@vp...>]

P.D. van Zelst wrote:
> The @ symbol in .def files has nothing to do with name mangling, stack
> sizes, or whatever. They're ordinal numbers you can optionally give to
> the functions you export from the DLL. Don't know the exact use of those
> though.... never had to look it up, I just always put them in there out
> of habit :)

Are you sure? I thought it was stack size. Somehow, I think it is stack 
size, as if a funcion takes 1 int, then the number is 4, if takes 2 
ints, then the number is 8, if 3 ints, it is 12. That looks like a 
pattern for sure.

--
Greetings,
   Balázs

Re: [Dev-C++] Using dev-cpp with cross compiler?

[Luigi S. <gi...@li...>]

On Tue, Sep 02, 2003 at 11:22:02AM +0200, Massimo Rossi wrote:
> Hello everybody,
> I' ve just started to have a look of dev-cpp and I'm wondering if anyone has experience in using it with a cross compiler. In particular I'm interested in using it in association with mcc68k compiler. 
> Thank you for any information.
> 
> Ciao
> 
> Massimo Rossi

Hi Massimo,

The idea of being a front-end to Gnu Gcc compiler seems to be hardcoded
within Dev-C++, so to use it with some other compiler you could:

 - modify the source code (I'm not sure, but this could require some 
   knowledge of Pascal)

 - use some external program which turns instructions Dev-C++ sends to
   Gnu Gcc into instructions that your other compiler understands

this latter approach is one which Abhijit Shylanath as explored in more
depth by his "dev_star" project. You may find out more about it, by 
visiting the following page:

http://mudeth.tripod.com/dev_star.html

Ciao
-- 
>> gisan >>

Re: [Dev-C++] @ symbol at the end of function names?

[<or...@vp...>]

Per Westermark wrote:

> Yes, the '@' etc in the symbol names are part of the name-mangling scheme.
> 
> It allows type-safe linkage, since you get different decoration of the
> name depending on parameter count and types, returned data type and
> calling model.
> 
> Note that different compilers might use different name mangling schemes,
> making it impossible to cross-link modules compiled by different
> compilers.

I see. However, the strange thing is, that this @<number> thing is used 
for simple C functions too.
Even if the name mangling schemes are different, I think this @<number> 
part is the same on a lot of compilers.

--
Greetings,
   Balázs

Re: [Dev-C++] @ symbol at the end of function names?

[Per W. <pw...@ia...>]

Yes, the '@' etc in the symbol names are part of the name-mangling scheme.

It allows type-safe linkage, since you get different decoration of the
name depending on parameter count and types, returned data type and
calling model.

Note that different compilers might use different name mangling schemes,
making it impossible to cross-link modules compiled by different
compilers.

/Per W

On Sun, 7 Sep 2003, [ISO-8859-2] OROSZI Bal=E1zs wrote:

> Tony M. wrote:
> > This is "name mangling", and it allows for function overloading.
> >
> > OROSZI Bal=E1zs wrote:
> >
> >> Hi!
> >>
> >> I saw in some DLLs and .def files, that there is an @ symbol at the
> >> end of funtion names, then there is a number after it. I ask, what are
> >> they for? Why are there these numbers? What purpose do they serve?
>
> No, that is not name mangling. Name mangling does waaaay much more (and
> different) than just that @ symbol :)
>
> But I have found it on the Net after some hard searching (yeah, try to
> search for @ :/ anyway. That @ symbol is used to specify a number after
> it. This number represents the number of bytes that the linker reserves
> in the stack for arguments passed to the function.
> For example: MyFunc(int) would become MyFunc@4
> The compiler reserves 4 bytes for arguments.
> The compiler also uses this number and the "@" sign as part of the
> function names.
>
> Thanks for your answer btw, at least I know there are people here who
> want to help others, and answer really fast. Thanks again.
>
> --
> Greetings,
>    Bal=E1zs
>
>
>
>
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Re: [Dev-C++] @ symbol at the end of function names?

[<or...@vp...>]

Tony M. wrote:
> This is "name mangling", and it allows for function overloading.
> 
> OROSZI Balázs wrote:
> 
>> Hi!
>>
>> I saw in some DLLs and .def files, that there is an @ symbol at the 
>> end of funtion names, then there is a number after it. I ask, what are 
>> they for? Why are there these numbers? What purpose do they serve?

No, that is not name mangling. Name mangling does waaaay much more (and 
different) than just that @ symbol :)

But I have found it on the Net after some hard searching (yeah, try to 
search for @ :/ anyway. That @ symbol is used to specify a number after 
it. This number represents the number of bytes that the linker reserves 
in the stack for arguments passed to the function.
For example: MyFunc(int) would become MyFunc@4
The compiler reserves 4 bytes for arguments.
The compiler also uses this number and the "@" sign as part of the 
function names.

Thanks for your answer btw, at least I know there are people here who 
want to help others, and answer really fast. Thanks again.

--
Greetings,
   Balázs

Re: [Dev-C++] @ symbol at the end of function names?

[Tony M. <to...@ho...>]

This is "name mangling", and it allows for function overloading.

OROSZI Bal=E1zs wrote:

> Hi!
>=20
> I saw in some DLLs and .def files, that there is an @ symbol at the end=
 of funtion names, then there is a number after it. I ask, what are they =
for? Why are there these numbers? What purpose do they serve?

[Dev-C++] @ symbol at the end of function names?

[<or...@vp...>]

Hi!

I saw in some DLLs and .def files, that there is an @ symbol at the end 
of funtion names, then there is a number after it. I ask, what are they 
for? Why are there these numbers? What purpose do they serve?

Thanks in advance.

--
Greetings,
   Balázs

Re: [Dev-C++] Xerces-C compilation problem in gcc3.2 win32

[Winston E. <wet...@ho...>]

If it's a plain c library, all you need to do is rename the .lib to .a and 
it'll work with mingw


Thanks, Winston Ewert






----Original Message Follows----
From: Tomasz Mrugalski <sp...@kl...>
To: dev...@li...
Subject: [Dev-C++] Xerces-C compilation problem in gcc3.2 win32
Date: Sat, 06 Sep 2003 13:58:13 +0200


Hi there

I'm developing C++/GTK2.0/Xerces-c application, which has to be
portable. It uses xerces to read some data.Under Linux it compiles and
works fine. Problems start when I try to compile it under win32.

GTK2 (gtkmm2.0 exactly) is reported to work fine in win32 only in
gcc3.2. (Visual  C++ is has some fatal problems with gtkmm code). So I
have to use gcc. Exact version: g++ (GCC) 3.2 (mingw special
20020817-1). It is delivered with dev-cpp 4.9.8.0

Now, I have to link it with xerces-c library. BUT xerces for win32 has
only librearies in .dll and .lib format (both are used in MSVC and don't
work with gcc).  So I need to compile my own .a or .so library. And
here's the catch - xerces DOES NOT compile under gcc3.2/win.

dev-cpp has a nice feature to import MSVC projects. It comes in handy as
it imports all files and needed constants. But it fails to compile anyway.

So, here's my questions:
Does anybody have compiled xerces-c with gcc3.2/win? Are there any
compiled libraries available? (google fails to answer that questions).

Here's compile log:

---------------------------

Executing  make...
make.exe -f "C:\devel\xerces-c_2_3_0-src\src\Makefile.win" all
g++.exe -c xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp -o
xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.o
-I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++"  -I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/mingw32"
-I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/backward"  -I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include"
-I"C:/devel/xerces-c_2_3_0-src/src" -D__GNUWIN32__ -mcpu=pentiumpro
-D_M_IX86=600 -ansi -fexceptions -finline-functions -DNDEBUG
-DPLATFORM_WIN32 -D_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC -DPROJ_XMLPARSER -DPROJ_XMLUTIL
-DPROJ_PARSERS -DPROJ_SAX4C -DPROJ_SAX2 -DPROJ_DOM -DPROJ_VALIDATORS
-DXML_SINGLEDLL -DWIN32 -D_WINDOWS -DXML_USE_WIN32_TRANSCODER
-DXML_USE_WIN32_MSGLOADER -DXML_USE_NETACCESSOR_WINSOCK

xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp: In member function
`virtual

    bool xercesc_2_3::Win32MsgLoader::loadMsg(unsigned int, XMLCh*,
unsigned
    int)':
xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp:215: invalid conversion
from `
    XMLCh* const' to `wchar_t*'

xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp:215: invalid conversion
from `
    const XMLCh*' to `const wchar_t*'

make.exe: *** [xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.o] Error 1

----------------------

Seems that there's problem with conversion.

Can anyone help me with this?

Thanks in advance.

--
Tomasz Mrugalski, sp...@kl...





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[Dev-C++] Need Help With Dll's

[Jirka P. <gp...@ce...>]

Hello
 
When I compile my DLL project it says that export definition file not
found, how do I make on and How to say to the linker where that file
is?
 
Thank You
 
George
 

[Dev-C++] Xerces-C compilation problem in gcc3.2 win32

[Tomasz M. <sp...@kl...>]

Hi there

I'm developing C++/GTK2.0/Xerces-c application, which has to be
portable. It uses xerces to read some data.Under Linux it compiles and
works fine. Problems start when I try to compile it under win32.

GTK2 (gtkmm2.0 exactly) is reported to work fine in win32 only in
gcc3.2. (Visual  C++ is has some fatal problems with gtkmm code). So I
have to use gcc. Exact version: g++ (GCC) 3.2 (mingw special
20020817-1). It is delivered with dev-cpp 4.9.8.0

Now, I have to link it with xerces-c library. BUT xerces for win32 has
only librearies in .dll and .lib format (both are used in MSVC and don't
work with gcc).  So I need to compile my own .a or .so library. And
here's the catch - xerces DOES NOT compile under gcc3.2/win.

dev-cpp has a nice feature to import MSVC projects. It comes in handy as
it imports all files and needed constants. But it fails to compile anyway.

So, here's my questions:
Does anybody have compiled xerces-c with gcc3.2/win? Are there any
compiled libraries available? (google fails to answer that questions).

Here's compile log:

---------------------------

Executing  make...
make.exe -f "C:\devel\xerces-c_2_3_0-src\src\Makefile.win" all
g++.exe -c xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp -o
xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.o
-I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++"  -I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/mingw32"
-I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/backward"  -I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include"
-I"C:/devel/xerces-c_2_3_0-src/src" -D__GNUWIN32__ -mcpu=pentiumpro
-D_M_IX86=600 -ansi -fexceptions -finline-functions -DNDEBUG
-DPLATFORM_WIN32 -D_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC -DPROJ_XMLPARSER -DPROJ_XMLUTIL
-DPROJ_PARSERS -DPROJ_SAX4C -DPROJ_SAX2 -DPROJ_DOM -DPROJ_VALIDATORS
-DXML_SINGLEDLL -DWIN32 -D_WINDOWS -DXML_USE_WIN32_TRANSCODER
-DXML_USE_WIN32_MSGLOADER -DXML_USE_NETACCESSOR_WINSOCK

xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp: In member function
`virtual

    bool xercesc_2_3::Win32MsgLoader::loadMsg(unsigned int, XMLCh*,
unsigned
    int)':
xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp:215: invalid conversion
from `
    XMLCh* const' to `wchar_t*'

xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp:215: invalid conversion
from `
    const XMLCh*' to `const wchar_t*'

make.exe: *** [xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.o] Error 1

----------------------

Seems that there's problem with conversion.

Can anyone help me with this?

Thanks in advance.

-- 
Tomasz Mrugalski, sp...@kl...

[Dev-C++] Xerces-C compilation problem in gcc3.2 win32

[Tomasz M. <sp...@kl...>]

Hi there

I'm developing C++/GTK2.0/Xerces-c application, which has to be 
portable. It uses xerces to read some data.Under Linux it compiles and 
works fine. Problems start when I try to compile it under win32.

GTK2 (gtkmm2.0 exactly) is reported to work fine in win32 only in 
gcc3.2. (Visual  C++ is has some fatal problems with gtkmm code). So I 
have to use gcc. Exact version: g++ (GCC) 3.2 (mingw special 
20020817-1). It is delivered with dev-cpp 4.9.8.0

Now, I have to link it with xerces-c library. BUT xerces for win32 has 
only librearies in .dll and .lib format (both are used in MSVC and don't 
work with gcc).  So I need to compile my own .a or .so library. And 
here's the catch - xerces DOES NOT compile under gcc3.2/win.

dev-cpp has a nice feature to import MSVC projects. It comes in handy as 
it imports all files and needed constants. But it fails to compile anyway.

So, here's my questions:
Does anybody have compiled xerces-c with gcc3.2/win? Are there any 
compiled libraries available? (google fails to answer that questions).

Here's compile log:

---------------------------

Executing  make...
make.exe -f "C:\devel\xerces-c_2_3_0-src\src\Makefile.win" all
g++.exe -c xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp -o 
xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.o 
-I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++"  -I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/mingw32" 
-I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include/c++/backward"  -I"C:/Dev-Cpp/include" 
-I"C:/devel/xerces-c_2_3_0-src/src" -D__GNUWIN32__ -mcpu=pentiumpro 
-D_M_IX86=600 -ansi -fexceptions -finline-functions -DNDEBUG 
-DPLATFORM_WIN32 -D_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC -DPROJ_XMLPARSER -DPROJ_XMLUTIL 
-DPROJ_PARSERS -DPROJ_SAX4C -DPROJ_SAX2 -DPROJ_DOM -DPROJ_VALIDATORS 
-DXML_SINGLEDLL -DWIN32 -D_WINDOWS -DXML_USE_WIN32_TRANSCODER 
-DXML_USE_WIN32_MSGLOADER -DXML_USE_NETACCESSOR_WINSOCK

xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp: In member function 
`virtual

    bool xercesc_2_3::Win32MsgLoader::loadMsg(unsigned int, XMLCh*, 
unsigned
    int)':
xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp:215: invalid conversion 
from `
    XMLCh* const' to `wchar_t*'

xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.cpp:215: invalid conversion 
from `
    const XMLCh*' to `const wchar_t*'

make.exe: *** [xercesc/util/MsgLoaders/Win32/Win32MsgLoader.o] Error 1

----------------------

Seems that there's problem with conversion.

Can anyone help me with this?

Thanks in advance.

-- 
Tomasz Mrugalski, sp...@kl...

RE: [Dev-C++] the Power of

[Per W. <pw...@ia...>]

For integers it's a bit easier.

unsigned long res = 1ul << 20;

/Per W

On Fri, 5 Sep 2003, P.D. van Zelst wrote:

> #include <iostream>
> #include <cmath>
>
> int main()
> {
> 	using std::cout;
> 	using std::endl;
>
> 	double res = pow(2, 20);
> 	cout << "2 to the 20th power is: " << res << endl;
>
> 	return 0;
> }
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: dev...@li...
> [mailto:dev...@li...] On Behalf Of Eric
> Churches
> Sent: Friday, September 05, 2003 9:08 PM
> To: dev...@li...
> Subject: [Dev-C++] the Power of
>
>
>  How do you work out 2 to the power of 20?
>
> To get 1,048,756
>
> ---
> Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
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>
>
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>
>
>
>
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>

[Dev-C++] CD-rom acces

[Glen V. <gve...@pa...>]

Does anyone know how I can read the toc from an audio cdrom?
I need to get te starting frame from each track, total length of the cd 
in seconds and the number of tracks on the cdrom (its for generating the 
discid for freedb).
Something in the lines of cd-discid 
(http://cvs.agnula.org/cd-discid/cd-discid.c) but then for windows :-) .

Re: [Dev-C++] Static Control Flickers

[w.y. <yok...@ve...>]

Janos Makadi wrote:
> 
> I`m working on a project (developing with dev-cpp) what measures voltage.
> Values must update every 100 milliseconds. Thats my problem. When I update
> the static controls like LTEXT and CTEXT, it flickers.

I have had a similar problem with flickering when I was using DirectDraw
to display changes in the mouse position. What I did was instead of
updating every time no matter what, save the old value in a variable,
oldValue for example. Every time you get the new value:

if ( newValue != oldValue )
{
	oldValue = newValue;
	... 	// update display
}

If the value changes frequently then you will still have
some flicker, but there will be little or no flicker otherwise.

[Dev-C++] (no subject)

[Min Li <li...@ex...>]

Hi, I have a very basic C++, openGL programming problem. In openGL, how to
read in a JPEG, PMM file and display it in a window? Thanks a lot.

Min

[Dev-C++] Writing Portable Software link

[David M. <ci...@ya...>]

Just thought I would throw this out there.
 
This article describes (in pretty good detail) how to write portable code.
 
http://www.byteswap.net/mikesnotes/2002/getting-started/


---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software

[Dev-C++] RE: reference question

[Ioannis V. <iv...@em...>]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Ioannis Vranos [mailto:iv...@em...] 
> Sent: Friday, September 05, 2003 6:20 PM
> To: Dev-C++ Mailing List (dev...@li...)
> Subject: reference question
> 
> 
> C++:
> 
> 
> Has anyone any idea why this compiles:
> 
> int main()
> {
>  char c;
>  
>  char * const &r=&c;
> }
> 
> 
> 
> and this does not:
> 
> 
> int main()
> {
>  char c;
>  
>  char * &r=&c;
> }


And the answer is that a temporary char * const (&c) is assigned to char *
const &r. That is a temporary pointer variable of the type char * const
(const means it cannot point in another char) is created, holding the
address of c.


An example code:

#include <iostream>



int main()
{
 char c=0;
 
 char * const &r=&c;
 
 
 std::cout<<static_cast<void *>(r)<<std::endl;
 std::cout<<static_cast<void *>(&c)<<std::endl;

}


But in general references can be used to point to specific pointers, using
templates only.






Ioannis Vranos
 
* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.freeurl.com
* Alternative URL 1: http://run.to/noicys
* Alternative URL 2: http://www.noicys.cjb.net

RE: [Dev-C++] the Power of

[P.D. v. Z. <pa...@my...>]

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

int main()
{
	using std::cout;
	using std::endl;
	
	double res = pow(2, 20);
	cout << "2 to the 20th power is: " << res << endl;
	
	return 0;
}


-----Original Message-----
From: dev...@li...
[mailto:dev...@li...] On Behalf Of Eric
Churches
Sent: Friday, September 05, 2003 9:08 PM
To: dev...@li...
Subject: [Dev-C++] the Power of


 How do you work out 2 to the power of 20?

To get 1,048,756 

---
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Re: [Dev-C++] Menu items with text <ERR: nnn>

[<or...@vp...>]

Torlach Rush wrote:

> After upgrading from 4.9.6.0 to 4.9.8.1 using vUpdate I see a number of 
> additional menu items with the following text <ERR: xxx>, for example 
> under File and immediately under Save As I see <ERR: 139>.
> Am I missing a resource file of something like that?

Ha-ha :)

The same error I encountered a half year ago, but nobody on this list 
ever answered me :(

Nevertheless, I managed to find out the problem after some time, and it 
is related to incorrect language files. Download the language updates 
also for 4.9.8.1 and your problem will be fixed.

--
Greetings,
Balázs

[Dev-C++] the Power of

[Eric C. <ec...@ih...>]

 How do you work out 2 to the power of 20?

To get 1,048,756 

---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
Version: 6.0.512 / Virus Database: 309 - Release Date: 19/08/2003
 

Re: [Dev-C++] reference question

[<ri...@un...>]

In your second example you are trying to create a reference
of type 'char*&'  from  '&c'  that in fact it is not a variable
of the type 'char*&', if not the memory adresse of a variable
of type char. Then you are allowed to allocate this memory
adresse only in a constant reference, that is, in a variable of type
'char *const &'.

May be you can understand this subtle point verifying that this
piece of code compile without any problem although, aparently,
it is similar to your second 'problematic' example:

int main()
{
 char c;
 char *c1;
 c1 = &c;
 char *  &r = c1;
}

The reason is unveiled, I think, with this example,
if not we can discuss about it.

saludos,
Ricardo.

[Dev-C++] dll for JNI

[Andrew & A. <a1...@fi...>]

Hi

I am trying to make a very simple dll for the java JNI. I cannot get any =
joy in dev-c++, I've tried every combination of settings I can imagine. =
Finally, I have copied the command line instructions from the mingw FAQ =
at http://www.mingw.org/mingwfaq.shtml#faq-jni-dll, and this does not =
work either. I get an error message 'incorrect command line option: =
-iprefix', which is difficult to debug, as this is not part of the =
command, which is=20

gcc -Wall -D_JNI_IMPLEMENTATION_ -Wl,--kill-at=20
-Ic:/j2sdk1.4.1_02/include -Ic:/j2sdk1.4.1_02/include/win32=20
-shared someJavaImp.c -o JavaImp.dll=20

I am 'working' in a winME environment.

I would be extremely grateful for information leading to the successful =
creation of a dll, I am currenly trying to follow the JAVA doc =
instuctions to create a dll for a helloworld application, so complexity =
is not the issue!



regards



Andrew

RE: [Dev-C++] Access to filesystem

[Ioannis V. <iv...@em...>]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: dev...@li... 
> [mailto:dev...@li...] On Behalf Of w.y.
> Sent: Friday, September 05, 2003 9:55 AM
> To: dev...@li...
> Subject: Re: [Dev-C++] Access to filesystem
> 
> 
> Well, there isn't really a portable way to do it since there is no
> concept of "directories" etc. in standard C and C++ unfortunately.
> 
> Even if you use the 'boost' libraries it wouldn't work unless
> someone implemented the platform specific code on your target
> machine.
> 
> This is one of the annoying omissions of the standard I wish they
> would add.



Actually there are systems where there is not the notion of files or
directories. The spirit of the C++98 standard is to be the common subset of
abilities of all existing systems. Also the spirit is everything that is
provided to be possible to be written with the language itself. That's why
directories and files were considered system-specific.


The upcoming C++0x standard howwever introduces the notion of availability,
that is there will be standard library facilities to be used "where
available". So there will be standard library facilities that an
implementation may choose to not provide.

Also some of them will be "exotic", that is they will not be able to be
written with the bare language itself (like network connections).


I do not like this notion, I prefer the spirit of C++98.






Ioannis Vranos
 
* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.freeurl.com
* Alternative URL 1: http://run.to/noicys
* Alternative URL 2: http://www.noicys.cjb.net

[Dev-C++] reference question

[Ioannis V. <iv...@em...>]

C++:


Has anyone any idea why this compiles:

int main()
{
 char c;
 
 char * const &r=&c;
}



and this does not:


int main()
{
 char c;
 
 char * &r=&c;
}






Ioannis Vranos
 
* Programming pages: http://www.noicys.freeurl.com
* Alternative URL 1: http://run.to/noicys
* Alternative URL 2: http://www.noicys.cjb.net