ZSYNC is client side implementation of RSYNC protocol without server support; standard HTML protocol is used. Files with zsync extension are needed; these files describe downloaded file in detail and are used by client to reuse local data; zsync file is similar to metalink or torrent, it describes block of files with check-sums.
I think ZSYNC support can be added to aria2 and to metalink format. When zsync file is available and client has previous copy of file he wants to download, parts of the old file can be reused; in similar way like RSYNC do.
ZSYNC project in detail:
http://zsync.moria.org.uk/
Example zsync files can be get from Ubuntu, from release 9.10 zsync files are created for every Ubuntu ISO file.
http://ubuntu-tutorials.com/2009/10/29/use-zsync-to-update-existing-iso-images/
I second this. I even imagine how zsync can be used with BitTorrent to skip downloading of existing file parts when, for example, downloading OS image builds.