NVIDIA NeMo is a scalable, cloud-native generative AI framework aimed at researchers and PyTorch developers working on large language models, multimodal models, and speech AI (ASR and TTS), with growing support for computer vision. It provides collections of domain-specific modules and reference implementations that make it easier to pre-train, fine-tune, and deploy very large models on multi-GPU and multi-node infrastructure. NeMo 2.0 introduces a Python-based configuration system, replacing YAML with more flexible, programmable configs that can be versioned and composed for different experiments. The framework builds on PyTorch Lightning–style modular abstractions, so training scripts are composed from reusable components for data loading, models, optimizers, and schedulers, which simplifies experimentation and adaptation. ...