...NeMo 2.0 introduces a Python-based configuration system, replacing YAML with more flexible, programmable configs that can be versioned and composed for different experiments. The framework builds on PyTorch Lightning–style modular abstractions, so training scripts are composed from reusable components for data loading, models, optimizers, and schedulers, which simplifies experimentation and adaptation. NeMo is designed to scale: with tools like NeMo-Run, users can orchestrate large-scale experiments across thousands of GPUs.