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...Our simulation result shows a better performance with respect to energy consumption, which is reflected in the network lifetime in both homogeneous and heterogeneous settings when compared with the existing protocols. It is worthy of note that our approach approximates an ideal solution for balanced energy consumption in hierarchical wireless sensor networks.

While wireless sensor networks are increasingly equipped to handle more complex functions, in-network processing may require these battery powered sensors to judiciously use their constrained energy to prolong the effective network life time especially in a heterogeneous settings. Clustered techniques have since been employed to optimize energy consumption in this energy constrained wireless sensor networks. We propose an Enhanced-SEP clustering algorithm in a three-tier node scenario to prolong the effective network life-time. Simulation results shows that the Enhanced-SEP protocol achieves better performance in this respect, compared to other existing clustering algorithms such as LEACH and SEP in both heterogeneous and homogenous environments.