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The CausalImpact repository houses an R package that implements causal inference in time series using Bayesian structural time series models. Its goal is to estimate the effect of an intervention (e.g. a marketing campaign, policy change) on a time series outcome by predicting what would have happened in a counterfactual “no intervention” world. The package requires as input a response time series plus one or more control (covariate) time series that are assumed unaffected by the intervention, and it divides the time horizon into “pre-intervention” and “post-intervention” periods. It uses Bayesian modeling to fit a structural time series to the pre-period and extrapolate a counterfactual prediction for the post period, then compares observed vs predicted to infer the causal effect. ...

...EnvStats brings the major environmental statistical methods found in the literature and regulatory guidance documents into one statistical package, along with an extensive hypertext help system that explains what these methods do, how to use these methods, and where to find them in the environmental statistics literature. Also included are numerous built-in data sets from regulatory guidance documents and the environmental statistics literature. EnvStats combined with other R packages (e.g., for spatial analysis) provides the environmental scientist, statistician, researcher, and technician with tools to “get the job done!”

...Bigger layers have more neurons to handle those possibilities. A Black Hole Cortex is a kind of visual cortex that has density of neuron layers similar to density at various radius from a black hole. What we think our eyes see, the imagination, is the densest and smallest layer. SphereSurfaces outside it recursively have more neurons, more surface area, but less density since it has to eventually dimension-reduce to high level ideas, like there are 10000 Wikipedia page names that cover most parts of the world. We can think of Wikipedia as a layer above our brains, a global SphereSurface of large surface area (a cortex layered on billions of minds) and small (10000 most important pages) density.