..., especially for genome-wide association study (GWAS). To improve the calculation speed without changing the size of the TradPerm p-value, we developed a Monte Carlo permutation (MCPerm) method as an efficient alternative to TradPerm.
Methods: MCPerm does not need to shuffle the original genotypes and phenotypes data. It uses Monte Carlo method, employs two-step hypergeometric distribution to generate the random number of genotypes (AA, Aa and aa) in cases and controls.