Injection attacks can occur when transmitted data is not interpreted the same way by both the sender and the receiver. Guaranteeing equivalence in data interpretation, known as operational congruity, is achieved by separating fields of data on the basis of their length. When the length of the data is known, there is no risk of misinterpreting it on the basis of spaces or text delimiters. The Distinguished Encoding Rules, or DER, of the ASN.1 standard follows this approach but includes...