Doctrine 2 is an object-relational mapper (ORM) for PHP 7.1+ that provides transparent persistence for PHP objects. It sits on top of a powerful database abstraction layer (DBAL). One of its key features is the option to write database queries in a proprietary object oriented SQL dialect called Doctrine Query Language (DQL), inspired by Hibernate's HQL. This provides developers with a powerful alternative to SQL that maintains flexibility without requiring unnecessary code duplication. As the term ORM already hints at, Doctrine ORM aims to simplify the translation between database rows and the PHP object model. ...