The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is an initiative backed by the European Union to enhance cross-border interoperability and the procurement of signalling equipment by creating a single Europe-wide standard for train control and command systems.
The two main components of ERTMS are the European Train Control System (ETCS), a standard for in-cab signaling and train control, and GSM-R, the GSM mobile communications standard for railway operations.
The Chapter 3 of the System...