SPINA
Structure parameter inference approach for endocrine feedback control
...It delivers the secretory capacity of pancreatic beta cells (SPINA-GBeta), an estimate for the insulin receptor amplification (SPINA-GR) and a static disposition index as a measure for the loop gain of the feedback loop (SPINA-DI).
Both implementations of SPINA have been validated in more than 50 clinical studies based on large cohorts.