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ANE Training is an experimental research project that demonstrates how to train neural networks directly on Apple’s Neural Engine by leveraging reverse-engineered private APIs that are normally inaccessible to developers. The repository implements a from-scratch transformer training pipeline capable of running both forward and backward passes on ANE hardware without relying on CoreML, Metal, or GPU acceleration. It explores the internal software stack of the Apple Neural Engine by...

...The library introduces a lazy evaluation mechanism that delays computation until it is actually required, allowing the framework to better estimate the memory requirements of a model before execution. By building a computational graph first and executing operations only when necessary, koila reduces the risk of running out of GPU memory during the forward pass of neural network training. This approach enables developers to experiment with larger batch sizes and more complex architectures while maintaining stable training behavior. The system acts as a thin wrapper around PyTorch tensors and operations, meaning that it integrates easily into existing PyTorch code without requiring major changes to model implementations. ...