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...FEM clusters n-dimensional matrices of functional traits (ecospace matrices – here called the Training Matrix) into functional groups and converts them into fuzzy functional groups using fuzzy discriminant analysis (Lin and Chen 2004 – see main text for more information). Following this, FEM classifies the functional entities from a second matrix (the Test Matrix) into the groups made using the Training Matrix, generating fuzzy membership values for each unit in the Test Matrix. These values are real numbers from 0 to 1, representing increasing degrees of “truth” regarding an organism’s membership in the fuzzy set (see main text). ...